Caryatid - mchitidwe kamangidwe, amene ali otchuka mu kalembedwe iliyonse

Caryatid - dzina la mizati mapulani, amene natenga maonekedwe chithunzi wamkazi. Chitsanzo wotchuka angapezeke pa khonde kum'mwera kwa kachisi wa Erechtheion pa za Acropolis ku Athens.

zakale

Mu Agiriki chikhalidwe "caryatid" - namwali wa Caria, kachisi wotchuka Peloponnese. Brown inapatulidwa ndi Artemi. Monga Caryatids, iye anakondwera, kuvina pakati pa mitengo ya mtedza mu mzinda wa Caria. Pa nthawi imeneyo, namwali ndi kuvina kogwidwa ikuchitika padziko mitu yawo madengu a mabango mwatsopano odulidwa. Iwo ankafotokozedwa zomera kuvina.

Roman wamanga Vitruvius akuyembekezeka caryatid - kapolo. Vitruvius anaona mmene ntchito ngati mizati mu Nyumba amaayoni. Koma caryatid - izo kusanduka Persian yachiwiri. Aperisi, ankagwiritsa ntchito kuthandiza nyumba nyama.

Erechtheion

Zisanu caryatids wotchuka kuchirikiza denga la khonde kum'mwera kwa Erechtheion onyenga pa a ku Atene Acropolis. Nyumba imeneyi anamanga ndi Pericles mwina pakati pa zaka 421-406 BC. e. malawi wakale matabwa chosema achipembedzo Athens. Analinso malo a kulambira Erechtheus (lanthano mfumu ya Athens) ndi abale ake, kuphatikizapo Poseidon. Izi caryatids zovala yonyowa mtundu ndi ndodo kwa matupi. Chakudya cha miyendo ndi ntchafu ndi molimba mtima ndiponso wamphamvu. Atatu a iwo atatsamira thupi pa phazi la manja, ndi zina - kumanzere. Amakonzera tsitsi zili zofunikira. Iwo ali olemera ndi bulky, cholinga kumapangitsanso malo osatetezeka - zidutswa khosi, amene akutsikira katundu chachikulu. Manja ziboliboli, mwatsoka, atayika. Populumuka makope Roma Tingaone kuti dzanja lamanja anali atagwira ziwiya kochepa kwa vinyo pansi monga nsembe, ndi kumanzere imayendetsedwa ndi pang'ono kuukitsa zovala zawo. Amaganiza kuti iwo tadulidwa mu Osema osiyana msonkhano Alcamo, ndi mwana wa Phidias. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti izi ndi khonde waima pa manda a nthano Cecrops mfumu. Kumangidwa kwa caryatids, mulole akhala msonkho pamtima wake. Tsopano masitepe makope awo. Zisanu choyambirira caryatids ali Acropolis Museum, kumene angaonedwe kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndi chimodzi - British Museum ku London. Kufotokoza ulendo mbiri, tikhoza kunena kuti caryatid - chinthu kukongoletsa pa zomangamanga a mizati, zomwe mwina zirinso ntchito.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi kupitirira

Pa nthawi imeneyi anayamba ntchito Interiors mu yomanga fireplaces. Mu nthawi Baroque iwo amaoneka mu Scotland monga overmantel mu holo lalikulu la Nyumbayi Mitchells. Mu mochedwa German caryatids Baroque ili mu chinyumba Sanssouci Frederick Wamkulu mu Schloss. Chifaniziro atavala akazi anayamba ntchito ngati miyendo kwa matebulo, maalumali ndi zoyikapo nyali.

Ufumu kalembedwe anacheukira anthu amafotokozera kukongoletsa. m'maganizo wojambula anapitiriza kutenga lingaliro la mkazi wokongola amene ali ndi ya thambo.

Mu 1881, Ogyust Roden sculpted mwala wagwa pansi pa caryatids kulemera chithunzi. Iye yekha anaona katundu wolemera kwa mtsikana amene adakali ndi kuyesera kuti akwere pamwamba.

Male mnzake caryatids

Iye ali nawo maina awiri: Telamon ndi Atlanta. Dzina loyamba, dzina lenileni, kutanthauza "thandizo" kapena "thandizo". Iwo anali mwana lachinsinsi la Aeacus ndi Aeneid. Iye anali mfumu ya Salami. wothamanga uyu anali atakhala pa nkhafi pamene Argonauts anatsatira ubweya, nayenso anachita nawo Calydonian kufuna Boar zakutchire, anali kundivutitsa oyandikana nawo, omwe anapambana Theseus.

Atlant chomwecho - ndi amphamvu Titan, wonyamula pa mapewa ake m'chipinda chotetezeka kumwamba. Ndi zotheka ngati katundu kwa iye? Ziribe kanthu momwe izo zolemera, kulimba mtima ndi kuleza mtima kuti akhale ake. Agiriki, izo anasanduka mwala kapena miyala.

wophatikizidwa chosema

Atlanta ndi caryatids kukometsera pamakoma a nyumba, chithandizo makonde, kukwaniritsa ndi ntchito zokongoletsa. Makamaka zabwino ndi Atlanteans kuchirikiza Kukhonde la New Hermitage ku St. Petersburg. Poyamba, malinga ndi wamanga L. Klenze, iye anali kusunga caryatids. Koma ntchito iyi anakanidwa ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, mu 1848, AI Terebenev analenga ziboliboli khumi Atlantis mdima lubwe ncho mu mgodi on Lake Ladoga. Iwo kuima pa pedestal zopangidwa Karelian coarse-grained lubwe. Ntchito pa ziboliboli anali zaka ziwiri. Ziboliboli yaikulu processing wa mwala limatenga zana ndi makumi asanu osema miyala. Ntchito yomalizidwa wachititsa chidwi konsekonse. Atlanta ndi caryatids ndi khalidwe la kalembedwe zachikhalidwe. kusiyana wamba kuti Atlanteans kuthandiza manja entablature ndi caryatids kumunyamulira pamutu. Kulongosola mfundo "entablature".

Zomangamanga: Zochitika za nyumba

The French mawu "entablature" amatanthauza denga anapanga matabwa. Amakhala architrave, frieze ndi cornice. Pa zomangamanga, ndi architrave ali ndi matanthauzo awiri:

• ndi wopingasa, amene aikidwa pakati pa zipilala za mipata kapena mawindo, ndi pamwamba;
• Mtengo chomwecho, chosungikira pa mitu ya mizati ya, chokongoletsedwa ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo ziwerengero ovomerezeka.

Modern ntchito caryatids

Agiriki anauziridwa kulenga caryatids atsikana Kariya. Atavala zovala, ziboliboli awo anapitiriza kumanga. miyambo imeneyi. Koma kawirikawiri ataima pa mlingo wa zomangamanga atumwi, m'malo nsangalabwi kapena mwala ntchito steklokompozit konkire. M'nyumba ntchito matabwa kapena pulasitala.

Pa tsiku ili, ndi Atlanteans ndi caryatids mu ankafuna pa zomangamanga ano. Eclecticism, Art Nouveau, Neo-Kubadwa Kwatsopano - iwo zitheka kulikonse. Chithunzi cha kalembedwe awo musazengereze. Ganizo chithunzicho, amene amagwiritsa iwo, si chatsekedwa, komanso akuyandikira kudzoza kwa mwambo wa kupita kupyola mu Zakachikwi.