Ndi luso kukongoletsa Kodi

Munthu wakhala akuyesetsa anawonjezapo moyo wake, kupanga zinthu za aesthetics ndi zilandiridwenso. Osema, kupanga banja zinthu - mbale, zovala, mipando, chokongoletsedwa zodzikongoletsera zawo, moyo, losema, wokometsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, kuwapatutsa mu weniweni zosemasema.

Kukongoletsa luso zoona, analipo mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe, pamene cavemen chokongoletsedwa okhala zojambula phanga, koma mabuku maphunziro, izo allocated yekha mu 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 19.

kutanthauza

Decorare Latin mawu amene anawamasulira kuti "azikongoletsa". Kuti muzu wa maganizo "kukongoletsa" chimene "chokongoletsedwa". Motero, mawu akuti "kukongoletsa luso" amatanthauza "mphamvu azikongoletsa."

Ogaŵikana zigawo zikuluzikulu mitundu luso :

• yaikulu - kamangidwe zokongoletsa, zojambula, Zithunzi, papezeka galasi, chosema ndi nyumba;
• ntchito - imakhudzanso zinthu zonse zapakhomo kuphatikizapo cookware, mipando, zovala, nsalu;
• yokongola - njira kulenga kamangidwe zikondwerero, zisudzo ndi umavumbula.

Khalidwe waukulu kukongoletsa luso ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi kaso, ndi zothandiza zake, luso logwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, osati kudzazidwa zokongoletsa.

Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi - ndi nkhani ya luso chabwino, okongoletsedwa ndi losema, kapena utoto ceramic kandulo mbale - zamanja.

Gawo

Nthambi za mtundu uwu luso ali m'magulu malinga:

• Zipangizo ntchito ndondomekoyi. Izi zikhoza kukhala zitsulo, mwala, nkhuni, galasi, ziwiya zadothi, ndi nsalu.
• Njira kuphedwa. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira - kusema, inlay, akamaumba, nsalu tinkawasindikiza embossing, nsalu, nsalu, kupenta, dengu kuluka, macramé, ndi ena.
• Mbali - phunziro angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mipando, mbale kapena zidole.

Monga Tingaone gulu la, lingaliro ali ndi Kuphunzira lonse. Umakhudza luso, zomangamanga, mamangidwe. Zinthu luso kukongoletsa kupanga dziko loyandikira zakuthupi munthu, kupanga izo wokongola kwambiri ndi watanthauzo mawu zokongoletsa ndi wophiphiritsa.

zikamera

Mu mibadwo yonse amisiri anayesa kukongoletsa zipatso za ntchito yawo. Anali aluso, iwo ndi kukoma kwambiri, ku mibadwo kuwonjezera luso lawo zimateteza zinsinsi m'banja. Awo makapu, mbendera, mpanda khoma, zovala, mafoloko ndi mipeni ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo komanso othimbirira galasi, frescoes ndi wa mkulu luso.

N'chifukwa chiyani tanthauzo la "kukongoletsa luso," anaonekera mu m'ma 19? Ichi ndi chifukwa mafakitale, pamene mu njira ya kukula mofulumira kupanga katundu makina zopangidwa kuchokera osema dzanja ankatembenukira ku mafakitare. Yopanga wakhala logwirizana, si wapadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri wosakongola. Ake okha magwiridwe akhakula anali patsogolo chachikulu. Zikatero, ntchito sanenedwa nsomba katundu kupanga wagawo ndi mtengo wapatali luso. Opanga luso lawo anali ntchito, kupanga yekha chokongoletsedwa katundu wa m'nyumba, imene zinthu Boom mafakitale anayamba kusangalala kufunika kwakukulu strata wachuma wa anthu. Choncho anabadwa akuti "Ku Tirhana na Timatheriyali".

Mbiri ya chitukuko

M'badwo wa Kukongoletsa Tirhana ndi m'badwo wa anthu. Point Choyamba zinthu kulenga za nyengo Paleolithic, ndipo m'mbale thanthwe, zokongoletsera, mafano mwambo, fupa kapena zinthu mwala banja. Popeza zipangizo wosazindikira, kukongoletsa luso akale anali lophweka ndi zopanda.

Komanso kusintha njira ntchito kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti zinthu zimene othandizanso, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ankawonjezera moyo, kukhala kwambiri kaso ndi woyengeka. Mfiti aganyali katundu wa m'nyumba talente yanu ndi kukoma, maganizo maganizo.

Kukongoletsa Folk Art chinamulowerera mfundo za chikhalidwe chauzimu, miyambo ndi zikhulupiliro za mtundu, chikhalidwe cha lothandiza pa. Limafotokoza chilengedwe zigawo kanthawi ndi okhudza malo pa chitukuko, nkhani za mibadwo yambiri ya moona kwambiri, choncho n'zosatheka Mitundu yonse ndi zoimira kumanga mu mzere mbiri. Magawo chitukuko conventionally unagwa mu nthawi kwambiri mwa zomwe aime ndi katswiri chidwi kwambiri pa luso kukongoletsa.

amakedzana

Tirhana kukongoletsa la Iguputo ndi imodzi mwa masamba zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya luso ntchito. amisiri Aigupto angwiro zamanja ndi luso monga fupa chosema ndi nkhuni, processing zitsulo, miyala yamtengo wapatali, kupanga magalasi akuda ndi dongo zabwino unatengera nsalu. Kutalika kwa zinali tanneries, kuluka, mbiya. ojambula zithunzi Aigupto analenga zodabwitsa za zojambulajambula, limene dziko lonse imakhumbira lero.

No zofunika zochepa m'mbiri ya Tirhana na Timatheriyali anayamba kukwaniritsa wakale ambuye Oriental la Asia Minor (Sumer, Babulo, Asuri, Suriya, Foinike, Palestine, Urartu). Kukongoletsa luso limati izi momveka kwambiri m'kukoma zamanja monga kusema pa njovu, mochita pa golidi ndi siliva, wokometsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi theka-mtengo wapatali, luso kulipira. Chinthu chapadera pa zinthu za anthu awa anali kuphweka mosiyanasiyana, kukonda zokongoletsa ndi magawo ang'ono ndi zambiri ndi chochuluka maluwa okongola kwambiri. A mkulu mlingo kwambiri anafika pamphasa kupanga.

Zamgululi chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za amisiri wakale wa zomera ndi nyama, zolengedwa nthano ndi nthano otchuka. Ife tinkakonda zitsulo, kuphatikizapo olemekezeka, faience, minyanga galasi, mwala, nkhuni. Tikafika apamwamba luso Cretan jewelers.

Tirhana kukongoletsa wa East - Iran, India - ndi lodzala ndi munthu lyricism kwambiri woyengeka chithunzi limodzi ndi momveka Agiriki ndi chiyero cha kalembedwe. Patapita zaka anamusilira nsalu - muslin, tonyamulira ndi silika makalapeti, golidi ndi siliva, embossing ndi chosema, utoto Khoma chadothi. Kodi zonyezimira luster ndi malire matailosi zokongoletsera nyumba aboma ndi achipembedzo. njira wapadera anakhala luso Zilembozo zinkasonyeza.

Wapadera ndife Akristu ndi madyerero yekha zaluso osiyana kukongoletsa a China, yomwe yathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito aluso Japanese, Korea, Mongolia.

Art European unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha luso ndi ntchito zamanja ndi luso la Byzantium, anatenga mzimu wa dziko wakale.

apachiyambi Russia

Folk kukongoletsa luso la Russia wakale anakumana potengera chikhalidwe cha Asikuti. Art mitundu kukhala atapeza mphamvu yayikulu, ndi zithunzi mawu. Asilavo ntchito galasi, thanthwe Krustalo, carnelian, Amber. Zachitika zodzikongoletsera kupanga ndi zitsulo, fupa kusema, mbiya, kukongoletsa kupenta akachisi.

Iwo ali ndi malo apadera Isitala mazira, m'mbale nkhuni, nsalu ndi kuluka. Mu machitidwe luso Asilavo anafika pamwamba kwambiri, kukonza kaso mankhwala woyengeka.

Maziko zaluso kukongoletsa anakhala mitundu yambiri zosiyanasiyana.