Industrial Tirhana: tanthauzo ndi mwachidule mbiri

Industrial kamangidwe, kapangidwe mafakitale, aesthetics luso, mafakitale luso - mawu onsewa ndi zokhudza mogwirizana ndi luso ndi chilengedwe substantive anthu.

mfundo izi ndi chinthu chimodzi ndi chinachake pang'ono yeniyeni.

Siteji ya chitukuko mbiri

Yankho la funso zimene mafakitale luso, mfundo za izo, ena akufunafuna mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe. Gonchar anali akuyembekezera mawonekedwe bwino kwa zinthu zawo kapena ntchito pamwamba awo achikale zokongoletsa - kaya ndi mlengi loyamba? Koma nkhani ya kukopa ndondomeko kupanga munthu ndi view luso la dziko akhala makamaka zogwirizana kuyambira zikamera lenileni mafakitale njira yopanga. Chidwi pa kuchulukitsa mtengo ogula misa makope katundu malo mpikisano - ichi ndi chimene wafunsira chitukuko mofulumira chiphunzitso ndi mamangidwe makhalidwe mu makampani.

Poyamba, zinali zotheka kulankhula chabe kupereka kupanga mankhwala kalembedwe maonekedwe a nthawi yathu ino, koma ndiye mafakitale luso wakhala zofunika kwambiri. Mu njira zambiri, kukula kwa akatswiri nawo kuzindikira mbali zingamuthandize kupanga, anayamba kuumba maganizo onse pa malo onse a anthu, ndipo si nthawi zonse chogwirika. Choncho, ntchito magalimoto 30 ndi 40 ntchentche za m'ma XX-TH - si luso pamwamba pa nthawiyo, komanso chizindikiro wowala wa nyengo ya Art Deco, moyo wonse wa anthu chisanadze nkhondo.

Mavuto kudziwa

Mawu akuti, amene umagwira ntchito yophunzitsa - Industrial Art (9 kalasi sekondale) - zikuwoneka kuti maganizo kwambiri za maudindo onse zilandiridwenso mu gawo mafakitale. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati mtundu wa zochita za anthu pa kusintha zokongoletsa za chilengedwe ozungulira mutu. chilengedwe Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi ntchito ndi zosangalatsa anthu.

More oyenera ngati lingaliro zowombetsa mkota zikuwoneka kapangidwe mawu. Contemporary kufunika kwake - zomangidwazo, zojambula, mawonekedwe, kutanthauza phunziro - ali ambiguity, amene ayesedwa wolungama chifukwa zosiyanasiyana lalikulu la dziko ano. Industrial Tirhana - yekha ndi malo ochepa a zochita za anthu kulenga wolimba danga moyo. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndi mafakitale kapangidwe wapafupi - monga mmodzi wa chododometsa osiyana zilandiridwenso luso mu makampani.

kamangidwe luso

Zochita zoweta kuyambira nthawi Soviet ankatchedwa ntchito zothandiza pa ndondomeko ya zinthu ndi mankhwala zolinga zosiyanasiyana makongoletsedwe. Maziko ongolankhula kwa wojambula-mlengi chiphunzitso cha aesthetics luso, wopangidwa mwa mbali zingapo zofunika. Kuwonjezera kufufuza njira limaonetseratu luso, ndi zipangizo sayansi, chuma ndi ergonomics (a sayansi wa chitonthozo), ndipo ena.

Zonsezi akhoza zimachitika ndi zimene zimatchedwa luso mafakitale. cholinga chake ndi kupereka mankhwala ndi mkulu luso, chuma, ntchito ndi ogula makhalidwe pamaso pa zili zokongoletsa ndi mawu luso.

mamangidwe zosiyanasiyana

malo ochepa padziko lapansi osati anaonanso zimakhudza anthu. Komabe, kumene anthu kachulukidwe makamaka mkulu, imatchedwabe kuda ntchito ya manja a anthu ndi nzeru za anthu. Mkati mamangidwe galimoto ndi zinthu payekha amasonyeza zinthu lalikulu ndi zazing'ono chilengedwe kwenikweni.

Information ndi wokhutira ophunzira a sing'anga - polumikizira ndi mapologalamu ndi chimakwirira okhutira, TV, ndi mawailesi - nawonso chinkhoswe mu kamangidwe. Industrial luso la m'ma 20 - nthawi kugawanika bwino okonza ntchito, specialization awo.

Job mlengi

Zinthu za akatswiri makampani, anazungulira munthu pobadwa. The maphunziro a zojambulajambula ndi bwino mfundo monga zojambulajambula mafakitale. Kalasi 9 - nthawi iyi kwa zosankha zambiri moyo, ndi mlengi - mmodzi wa kudzinenera otchuka. mkulu-mapeto mafakitale mlengi - wabwino chidutswa, ndi kulanda izi wapadera iwiri Inde ndi zosatheka. Only kukhala ndi chidwi chikhalidwe, akudziwa m'madera osiyana, tikhoza m'njira imeneyi.

Kujambula omasuka chilengedwe anthu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za zomangamanga. Sichangozi wotchuka okonza mafakitale anabwera kwa ntchito ya zomangamanga. kudzinenera izi ndi ofanana kufunika kokhala ndi nzeru zochuluka, kukhala maganizo a kulenga, umalimbana yosintha dziko. Kuti munthu amatha kumvetsa mwamsanga zimene luso mafakitale. Mfundo za iye monga munda wa kulankhulana kupyolera mu zithunzi zithunzi - zomangamanga wina zinathandiza ndi mamangidwe.

Pali chidwi view pa tsogolo la ntchito mlengi, uli wotchuka Filippu Starku. Iye akukhulupirira kuti udindo wa aesthetics ndi zithunzi mitundu ya zinthu ndi zinthu mwamsanga kuchepa, ndi mtengo wa zilandiridwenso a mlengi-woganiza, angathe kupeza njira zopititsira patsogolo lonse moyo wa munthu, chidzakula kwambiri.

tanthauzo mwachidule

Kukula mbiri ya chitukuko m'lingaliro apamwamba Mzimuyo kuphatikiza nkhani ndi mfundo zauzimu za umunthu. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi - mafakitale luso. A tanthauzo mwachidule zodabwitsazi zingamvekere ngati kukhuta zakuthupi ndi zauzimu zofuna za munthu ndi kulenga wolimba nkhani malo ozungulira izo.