Zojambula Makovsky: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Ojambula zithunzi kuti analembedwa Association of oyendayenda Art yoonetsa - "Wanderers" - anasiya kufufuza m'tsogolo kupenta Russian wachitatu lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XIX. Izi ndi Russian kwambiri chodabwitsa m'mbiri ya luso, monga mbali yake yaikulu anakhala limodzi mwagwirizana luso ndi chikhalidwe moyo wa dziko. Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky limodzi ndi Wanderers mu 1972, patatha zaka ziwiri mapangidwe ake, ndipo anali mmodzi wa ophunzira achangu. kupenta Makovsky a ankasangalala wautali kwambiri mu heyday izi kayendedwe luso.

yonena

Iye anali mmodzi wa ana atatu Egora Ivanovicha Makovskogo - kwambiri luso chithunzi mu Moscow, wokhometsa, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa wotchuka Moscow School of Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga. Onse abale - Constantine ndi Nicholas - komanso mlongo wa Alekizanda anakhala amisiri, ndi mlongo wina - Maria - woimba. Monga mwana, mmodzi wa aphunzitsi anali wotchuka Vladimir Vasily Tropinin.

Zojambulazo oyambirira Makovsky, kuyambira ndi mtundu wanyimbo zithunzi "mnyamata kugulitsa kvas" (1861), lolembedwa ndi zaka 15, anasonyeza mphamvu zake zazikulu kuona moyo momuzungulira zochitika ndi posamutsa kuti chinsalu cha. Mu 1861 analowa MUZHVZ - pasukulu, mmodzi wa oyambitsa amene anali atate ake. Anamaliza ndi munthu Mendulo siliva, atumizidwa kwa kupenta "zolembalemba kuwerenga" (1865).

M'zithunzi Makovsky anakhala yachitika mu chitukuko analenga ndi akatswiri. Pakuti kupenta "m'mphawi anyamata kutchinga akavalo" (1869), iye anapatsidwa udindo wa "kalasi wojambula wa digirii ya atumwi," ndi "Okonda nightingales" (1973) analimbikitsidwa kwa Academy of Painting.

A zambiri nthawi wotanganidwa mu moyo wa ntchito mbuye kuphunzitsa. zaka 12 anaphunzitsa pa MUZHVZ - kuchokera 1882 mpaka 1894, ndi zaka 24 - pa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana, kukhala mu 1895 ndi rector wa School Apamwamba wa Art pa Academy of Tirhana.

Wotchuka wojambula anamwalira mu February 1920 ku Petrograd.

"Kusewera Agogo" (1870)

chithunzicho anakwatira oyambirira, ndipo mu 1869 anakhala woyamba, amene kenako nayenso anakhala wojambula - Alexander Makovsky. Vladimir E., amene zithunzi kale anali osiyana mtundu wanyimbo amayanjana, kuyambira kwambiri chidwi ndi phunziro lathu ana. Mwa anthu anamasulidwa zojambula wake penti, amene anali woyamba kugula wotchuka wokhometsa Pavlom Mihaylovichem Tretyakovym. Iwo wakhala chizindikiro Makovsky kuzindikira womaliza zojambulajambula a.

ana wamba kusewera mu masewero ambiri Kufikika kwa iwo. Lidalembedwa agogo - mafupa ka nyama mafupa - ng'ombe kapena nkhumba. mpikisano izi molondola: miyala, amene muli ndi kupanikizana wapadera (agogo, kulemetsedwa ndi kutsogolera), amawachita player a.

... Tsopano chinthu chachikulu kwa iwo - masewera amene apatsidwa ndi chilakolako onse. Wokhala, akupanga udindo kusindikiza, ndi ena mosamala kuyembekezera kuponya lotsatira. Makovsky, amene zojambula amadziŵika meticulousness mwatsatanetsatane banja, cholondola ndi zina zabwino m'maganizo. masewera onse ali khalidwe lake, khalidwe lake. General - wofatsa nthabwala ndi chidaliro, ngakhale zovala wambawamba umphawi ndi malo dilapidated ozungulira.

zojambula oyambirira Makovsky chimasiyanitsa chidwi kwambiri tsatanetsatane, nthawi zina kumathandiza maganizo kwathunthu. M'tsogolo, burashi wa zojambula ndi kumafunika ufulu, ndi phale cholimba kwambiri, motero kupewa ena variegation chibadidwe, makamaka takambiranazi chithunzi.

"Okonda Nightingales" (1873)

kupenta Izi zinkayimira Russian luso pa chionetsero World ku Vienna, pamene iye anali kupereka kwambiri chidwi kwa omvetsera.

Kunja pa zenera anali atamva warble Nightingale, ndi amphawi atatu anamva, kumamusokoneza phwando wake nemudrenyh. Wina, ataima, anaima, akusuzumira pawindo, kuyesera kuti tifufuze Birdie yaing'ono. Chachiwiri, momveka aledzera zambiri mabwanawe wake, zikwapu kanjedza amawerengedwa lilt Nightingale nyimbo. Chachitatu, ambiri yokulirapo kumvetsera nthawi anakudzula ndevu zake. Apa, zonse ndi zonse za moyo ndi kulira: kuwala kwa zenera, kuika ndi manja a m'nkhaniyi, otentha mphika-bellied samovar, losavuta koma "chokoma" utoto akadali moyo.

Mumadziwika review za chithunzi ichi wa Dostoevsky kwambiri, anatamanda chithunzi kufalitsa wabwino ndi chidwi cha anthu wamba, amene anali Russian kokha, komanso lonse anthu.

"Mlandu" (1879)

Pang'onopang'ono, nkhani wojambula anataya oyambirira zojambula nthabwala chibadidwe ndi mtima nditaona kuti zilembo. Nsalu kupeza sewero ndi ambiguity. Awa ndi options ochepa chithunzi chosonyeza wamba amene asankha njira ya chosintha kulimbana ndi maganizo otere oimira mafanizo strata osiyana a anthu Russian.

Mnyamata wina zida kuperekezedwa amachotsa ku nyumba yoweruzira milandu. Pa kuchoka pa kuyembekezera abale ake, kuphatikizapo mayi ake, bambo, mtsikana ndi mwamuna wachikulire. Zikuoneka kuti protagonist cha magwero a osawuka kapena osauka a m'tawuni. mkwatibwi wake ndi bambo ake ndi olemera kalasi. chithunzicho sangosonyeza chokomera zikuoneka kuti yanditsutsa, zosaoneka chisoni ndi anthu ena. Iye anabweretsa umodzi wake pafupi mavuto - mayi clasped manja ake imploringly, nawadandawulira mwana wake, bambo kulira kwambiri.

Ndipo iye sichitsata chosintha okhwima ngwazi wofera anthu. Akuona - kuthedwa nzeru komanso kusowa kotheratu kulondola awo. Makovsky, amene zojambula - zolondola chinyezimiro cha kuupeza anthu, zikusonyeza kusintha poyerekezera ndi njira kulimbana ndi dongosolo alipo, amene agwiritsa maphwando amakani ndi kayendedwe ofanana "Narodnaya Volya".

"Kukakumana" (1883)

Ana - mutu umene ntchito zambiri Makovsky. Vladimir E., amene poyamba chithunzi - kuonetseredwa kwa ana, akutama chiyambi cha moyo watsopano m'tsogolo kunena za mbali zosiyana zambiri zochititsa chidwi ubwana mu Russia ano.

"M'dziko" linapangidwa kuti ana mu mabanja osauka. The mwana nthawi zambiri wopanda mphamvu mtumiki kapena kuphunzira yodzaza chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Kulandira kuchokera khamu chakudya watsoka, ndi pogona kudzasokonezeka, ana Kusiya tingalemetse banja, kutaya cosiness banja ndi oyambirira kukhwima. njira iyi makamaka wamba ndi bwino kuti mabanja wamba amene anapatsa mnyamata mu utumiki wa mzinda.

Ndi za tsoka mwana limanena Makovsky. Kufotokozera za chithunzi zingatenge zambiri masamba, koma pa chinsalu zilembo ziwiri basi. A wamba mayi wabwera kutali ndi mfundo zazing'ono ndi ndodo yake. Anamutengera mwana wake mkate kusangalatsa mwana wanu. Mkazi chifundo kuyang'ana pa mnyamata nsapato, atavala thewera zauve - mwachionekere, iyo imagwira ntchito zina shopu ndipo muli ndi mphindi zochepa za nthawi ufulu kukumana ndi mayi ake.

Painting kalembedwe wojambula, nayenso, zasintha - palibe mwatsatanetsatane mosamala kukopedwa mwatsatanetsatane, zododometsa ndi kupsinja fano. Mthunzi mtundu si mawu a chimwemwe akanthawi tsiku, ndi maganizo aakulu kusonyeza otaika mwana.

"Pa Boulevard" (1886)

Makovsky Ndi zoziwika bwino kuti kutaya mphindi ziboliboli yochepa imene inu muli nayo nthawi kuti ndikuuzeni chimene wolemba zingatenge masamba ambiri. Mu 1880, mbuye wafika luso lapamwamba pa kupanga zojambula izi, nkhani yochepa. Mmodzi mwa nsonga izi ndi luso kupenta, ndiponso zili ndi kupenta "Pa Boulevard lapansi." Nthawi imeneyi, zojambula V. E. Makovskogo muli zilembo ziwiri zokha, komanso analibe mozama kusanthula mavuto chikhalidwe cha kufanana kwambiri.

Pamaso pathu ndi nkhani yaing'ono ya wovulala kwambiri moyo wa banja wamng'ono. Zikuoneka kuti anadza kuchokera kumudzi wina kumene okonzeka kukhala ndi moyo monga makolo anu, ntchito wamba ndi zisangalalo za njira wamba wa moyo. Koma mwamuna wake kukopedwa mzindawo ntchito yatsopano, "wokongola" ndi moyo wosangalatsa. Ndipo patapita kanthawi mkazi wake kudzamuyendera mwamuna wake. Tsopano iwo ali alendo. Iye anatha zilowerere mzimu wa mzinda - Muonetsetse kuoneka mu manja a accordion kakang'ono - zikuonekeratu kuti amakonda kwambiri moyo mzinda.

Ali aang'ono kwambiri, koma akudziwa kuti angayembekezere m'tsogolo, kumene amaona chiyembekezo zonse. Kuyambira Vladimir Makovsky ndipo amapuma chisoni izi, ngati anasonyeza ndi sewero patokha anthu awiri aang'ono, ndipo imasonyeza lonse vuto dziko la chiwonongeko cha kudacita wa moyo umene inamangidwa zaka zambiri ndipo tsopano akuwonongedwa ndi chitukuko cha malo mafakitale.

cholowa

Vladimir E. Pali yopambana ya ntchito ndi fecundity kulenga. The chifukwa cha zaka zambiri za ntchito anakhala Insaikulopediya chenicheni cha zochitika kwambiri khalidwe la moyo Russian kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma. Mosakhalitsa nkhani zamitundu yonse - kuchokera zithunzi tsiku ndi tsiku kuti kanthu misa ndale - ndi kukhazikitsa ndi luso chenicheni luso.

Olemba mbiri m'banja luso cholembedwa kuti mapeto a moyo V. Makovsky adakhala othandiza a maganizo kwambiri ndiwofatsa pa zomwe kupenta, maganizo ofooketsa kwa apeze mitu latsopano ndi njira mawu. Koma lonse la chithunzi ichi mu luso Russian pamenepa sichikwiya ang'onoang'ono.