The Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa: History ndi chidwi mfundo

Anthu ambiri zinthu zambirimbiri ndithu kuphana zosiyanasiyana katundu ndi chofunika. Ambiri okhala pa nthawi yomweyo panali kulimbikira kwambiri stereotype kuti nsanja awa ochita malonda ayenera kukhala ambiri anthu amene ali pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi zonse chinachake kufuula za chinachake amangokhalira kulankhula pafoni. Inde, zaka zingapo zapitazo choncho nchito ya kuphana, koma lero ntchito zawo zambiri kusanduka. M'nkhani ino ife kuyang'ana pa ntchito kwa mawu malonda pansi pa dzina Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa CME.

Features

Ambiri anazolowera kuphana katundu kumene malonda a magawo ndi sheya. Koma ngati inu kuphunzira mmene Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa, muyenera yomweyo amanena kuti agulitse zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, ulimi ndi zolinga zimenezi pa iwo. Pankhaniyi, pali wina kuwombola ofanana mu United States - New York.

Ntchito pa zachuma

Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa ali woyamba mu dziko nduna, chiwerengero cha m'misika amenewa. Nthawi yomweyo, tiona kuti n'zosatheka kuti athe kuwunika kukula kwa capitalization kapena chiwerengero cha makampani, monga katundu kuwombola. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti aone ukulu wa malonda ake, amene ndi kwenikweni kwambiri. mwezi A pa CME imachitika wotuluka ofunika kwambiri kuposa thililiyoni awiri madola US, amene ali kangapo lalikulu kuposa m'misika katundu. Komanso, Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa ali osiyanasiyana chuma. Ili kukhazikitsidwa mayiko malonda mu nyumbayi, yomwe ndi pafupi ndi inawomba nyumba yaitali Willis Tower - yomanga, ndi padziko pano mpaka 1998.

chowonjezera

Payokha ndi yense wotchedwa CME Group. Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa ali m'gulu kapangidwe kake, amenenso zikuphatikizapo New York Mercantile Kusinthanitsa, mtsogoleri dziko malonda a mafuta. Choncho, nkhawa palokha - ndi gulu lalikulu mwamphamvu zatenga malo oyamba mu dziko m'munda wa malonda wodalirika, kuyambira opangidwa kuchokera ku ndalama ndi kutha mphamvu ndi ulimi.

zimayambitsa

Mu zaka za m'ma 19 mu United States Amerikig Erie Ngalande inamangidwa. ntchito yake yaikulu inali kuonetsetsa mofulumira ndi mosalekeza zoyendera pakati pa mayiko pakati ndiponso kum'mawa. chochitika Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chitukuko amphamvu a mizinda kuwiri - Chicago ndi New York. Komanso, Chicago ndi wamphamvu sitima yakumapeto, zomwe n'zomveka ndithu kuti izo chachikulu polumikiza mchitidwe pakati pa alimi a boma munda malo ndi malo mzinda wa USA East. Chicago n'zothekanso ndithu dzina yosungira chachikulu cha dziko, chifukwa chophwanya ndi pafupipafupi nsanamira pakati pa zigawo panali funso za kusungiramo mankhwala kuwonongeka, ndi chifukwa mzinda amatanthauza "atachuluka" yaikulu yosungira nakhala zimakhala zazikulu yaikulu ya lonse North America mphamvu.

The yobetcherana loyamba

Kuyankha funso: "Pamene Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa linakhazikitsidwa," timawauza kuti zinali 1874. Poyamba iye apadera okha basi kugulitsa mankhwala zolinga ulimi anali dzina la chipinda mafuta dzira. Chifukwa chakuti katundu anali kwenikweni (zomwe Sizotheka kupulumutsa), kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a zolinga kuwombola anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mu 1895, m'malo komiti iyi anabwera Ndisonyezeni Kusinthanitsa mafuta ndi Dzira Board, amene ali zikhalidwe ndi wabwino ndiponso omveka bwino kwa malonda yolimbikira. Komabe, inayamba nkhondo yapachiweniweni zida kwachititsa chakuti anapanga ndi nsanja palokha otchedwa Chicago mafuta ndi Dzira Board, omwe anakhala zinachitika kwa malonda nsanja weniweni alipo lero.

Pafupi kugwa

Ngakhale mfundo kuti Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa - yaikulu ya mtundu umenewu mu dziko, koma ngakhale izo sunapewe anangotsala pang'ono bankirapuse. Izo zinachitika mu 1960 ndi. vuto onse anatumikira zatsopano wakulungama kwambiri ndi kumayambiriro zatsopano mu msika. Poyamba, awa anali ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana amene anamaliza kwa ogulidwa tchizi, maapulo, lingaliro pang'ono, koma voliyumu ya Mapangano anamaliza ndi mankhwala amenewa anali otsika kwambiri. Ndiyeno kuchokera yobetcherana anali kwathunthu kuchotsedwa mafuta ndi mbatata chifukwa cha zofuna za anthuwo kugula anali pafupi ziro. mphindi mbiri tinganene kuti ndi kuvomereza malamulo mlingo kuchita malamulo, amene kwathunthu zoletsedwa malonda anyezi. Congressmen wolungama lingaliro lake ndi kunena kuti m'njira imeneyi adzatetezedwa ndi ufulu wa alimi, chifukwa akuganiza pochita chinyengo pa katundu kuwombola. zonsezi chokwanira mwa akaphatikiza unachititsa chakuti kugwira ntchito Polankhula ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu unatha. Iwo yatsala pang'ono kutsekedwa yake, koma mapeto si chabe "adzapulumuka", koma anayamba apeze patsogolo ake.

resumption malonda

Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa, kapena m'malo atsogoleri awo, mwamphamvu anafuna mwayi kupitiriza. Ndipo ntchito anadalitsidwa. Mu 1966, pansi pa bizinesi linali zam'tsogolo chifukwa nkhumba mazira, pa maziko amene ndi nyama yankhumba. Wapadera mgwirizano uwu kuti anakhala woyamba m'mbiri ya malonda akhalire. Koma yosungiramo katundu iwo ankasowa m'firiji wapadera. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo pa katundu kuwombola ndi pangano bwino chifukwa ng'ombe kuti salinso amafuna yosungirako. Onse mabacteria awa ndi zaluso zina zingapo achititsa chakuti msika atachira. kutchuka ake anayamba kukula tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kukhala chiwalo chakhala zodula: zikwi zitatu mu 1964 kuchuluka kwa 8500 mu 1965. Mu 1968, khadi umembala anali mbiri mtengo - 38 madola zikwi.

yojambula umodzi

Chicago Board Mungasankhe Kusinthanitsa mu 1970 ali ndi kasamalidwe watsopano, izi zikusonyeza kuti lonse ndi ikupita patsogolo malonda kwenikweni kuchita atchule zipangizo zatsopano inshuwalansi chiopsezo cha ndalama pa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1972, tinatsegula mbali atsopano otchedwa Kusinthanitsa International Monetary Market (IMM). Exclusivity stepi ino chinali chifukwa chakuti gawo umenewu wakhala woyamba mu dziko la zam'tsogolo nsanja kwa ndalama wogwila m'munsi. Ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo anapita yogwira yenewo limanena za ndalama. Osiyanasiyana chuma unakula mofulumira, ndipo chifukwa Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa kunakopa. Kenako, zaluso angapo akhala anayambitsa: Mapangano pa mitengo Eurodollars, ovomerezedwa ndi mini-Mapangano, zam'tsogolo pa akalozera zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, nkhani ya malonda nsanja wakhala pazipita.

zamalonda pakompyuta

The Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa mwamsanga anapezerapo dongosolo lake loyamba pakompyuta malonda mu kale kutali kwa ife mu 1987. Pa nthawi imeneyo, amalonda ambiri akukayikira kwambiri za ankapitabe izi chifukwa ife tikukhulupirira (ndi molondola) kuti chifukwa cha msika lagawidwa pawiri, ndipo iwo adzataya madalitso awo. Komabe, ndinali chabe kuyesera.

Kusinthidwa ndi mokwanira mozama malonda maukonde pakompyuta anaonekera pa Kusinthanitsa patapita zaka zisanu. Iwo dzina lake CME Globex. Poyamba, ntchito kokha ngati Kuwonjezera wothandiza kutsegula malonda pa nthawi imene iwo mwathupi kutsekedwa. Mu 1998, dongosolo anali akweza ngati kuli kotheka. Chifukwa ndi dziwe la Kanani kukuwa, yomwe ili mu holo, ndi amalonda omwe tikugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mu dongosolo. Zinali yomweyo anavomera kuti mwamtheradi onse ikuchitika ntchito ndi ofanana ufulu wawo. Komabe, amalonda ambiri anakakamizika zimapatsa malonda holo monga iwo analipira malipiro mwachilungamo mkulu umembala, koma sanalandire chithandizo chilichonse ŵakwenera pobwezera.

kutenga kutitimira

Mu 2000, atsogoleri kuwombola anaganiza ikani magawo ake New York Stock Kusinthanitsa. Chifukwa cha ichi CME GULU Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa anakhala munthu woyamba mu United States, omwe anakhala poyera kugulitsa magawo ake. Kumapeto kwa 2002 tinkachitira nsembe anthu kuchuluka kwa madola US miliyoni 191. Popeza yense wakula nthawi zina, koma masheya a kampani ndi kugulitsana, ndi lero. Zosintha anakopeka phindu pa chitukuko cha umisiri wotsogola, kumayambiriro zatsopano, kuwonjezera malonda maukonde mwachindunji. Njira imeneyi yilungamitsidwa kwathunthu palokha, chifukwa chabe zaka zingapo malonda kuti anasamukira ku nsanja zamagetsi, ndi amalonda anayamba kugwira ntchito mfundo zonse za padziko lapansi, kotero kuti zolowa kuchuluka kwa kuwombola palokha ndipo phindu la gulu.

zida

The Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa lero angathe kupereka ogula monga chuma mitundu zinayi zikuluzikulu:

• Trade, chikhalidwe Mapangano (makamaka ziweto ndi mkaka).
• chiwongola dzanja. Udindo lakuti yuro dollar.
• mayiko ndalama za thupi G10, ndipo m'mayiko osauka.
• Stock zolozera.

The Chicago kuwombola malonda amanyamula ambiri zitatu zimene mungachite ndi zolinga zimenezi pa makumi asanu ndalama dziko. Choncho pali kulekana kwa ndalama "Big Khumi" ikutero ndalama za m'mayiko osauka ndipo mini-Mapangano. Njira otsiriza kwambiri kwa buku lake otsika mtengo kochepa, ndi kufunika Choncho mkulu amalonda amene anabwera malonda msika wogulitsa ndi "Ndalama Zakunja". Uwerenge wotuluka pa IMM ndi zoopsa ndipo ali mu uthunthu wa $ 100 biliyoni pa tsiku. Ayesana nawo m'makani ankayendetsa ndi Russian ruble, koma zambiri imagwera pa dola, yuro, yen ndi mapaundi British.

Monga za ulimi, malo oyamba mu gulu ili a kuwombola chimanga. A tsiku pansi malonda chili padziko Mapangano 600,000. Voliyumu ya chikhalidwe ndi mu osiyanasiyana 3 mitanga (kapena kiyubiki mamita 100M).

Monga tirigu, umene Russia ndi chikhalidwe pa nambala wani, ndiye Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa malonda ake kwambiri kumbuyo chimanga - katatu.

Chidwi mfundo amalonda Intaneti

Ngati Tikayerekeza kuwombola chofunika ndi katundu, ndi Dziwani kuti poyamba zongopeka zina mosiyana ndi wachiwiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuwombola chofunika lolunjika pa kupereka weniweni zofuna mwamsanga makasitomala, ngakhalenso mayiko lonse nyonga, zosiyanasiyana zipangizo ndi chakudya. Share mugule, kugulitsa kapena adzathe kugulitsa zaka yomweyo kapena ngakhale ambiri. Koma mbiya ya palafini kapena ngolo ndi ulimi kuti resell ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa inu mulandira pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo makasitomala amagwiritsa iwo kwa cholinga chake. Ndipo chifukwa amalonda maukonde akuonetsa chodziwa chidwi ndi zolinga ndi njira, monga iwo n'kukagulitsa monga sheya zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, malonda mu options ndi zolinga - kutanthauza kuti kuyesera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi malonda akhalire. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo akadzabweranso mawu a ndalama zambiri mofulumira.

malamulo kulowa

Kukhala membala wa m'bado kuwombola mu Chicago angakhale munthu amene zaka si pasanathe zaka 21. Komabe, iye ayenera kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino ndi bwino ndi anthu awiri amene analipo a Polankhula. Kwa masiku makumi atatu kuchokera nthawi kucheza wake watsopano membala kuwombola ayenera kulipira ndalama umembala ku Chicago malonda kucheza.

kuthetsa kusamvana

Mu njira ya malonda pa katundu kuwombola pali mosavuta mkulu kuti mukhoza kuona zinthu zachilendo, chifukwa cha zomwe zolakwa atha kutumikira ngati pofuna kuti mpheto ndi zina zotero. Pankhaniyi, mkangano likakonzeka pa kuwombola ndale thupi - chigamulo kapena bwalo chigamulo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi adzalola kuthana ndi pamene Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa linakhazikitsidwa, zikhomo zikuluzikulu zakale ndiponso zinthu.