The uthenga ulalikidwa-mkuzamawu: choimira dera, mfundo opaleshoni. The mkuzamawu dera pa sanali inverting mkuzamawu ntchito. Chiwembu DC voteji mkuzamawu ntchito mkuzamawu

Nkhaniyi tidzakambirana muyezo mkuzamawu dera ndi munthu mkuzamawu ntchito, ndipo ndi zitsanzo modes zosiyanasiyana ntchito chipangizo ichi. Pakali pano, palibe unit ulamuliro simungakhoze kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito amplifiers ntchito. Izi ndi zida moona zosunthika kuti amakulolani ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi chizindikiro. Za momwe ntchito ndi chimodzimodzi chimene limachititsa kuti chipangizo ichi inu ndi kuphunzira.

inverting mkuzamawu

Galimoto inverting mkuzamawu uthenga ulalikidwa-mkuzamawu ndi losavuta mokwanira, inu mukhoza kuwona izo pa chithunzichi. Pakati pake penipeni ndi mkuzamawu ntchito (kugwirizana Lembaninso m'nkhani iyi). Komanso, apa:

1. The resistor R1 ndi voteji dontho alipo pa mtengo ndi chimodzimodzi monga athandizira lapansi.
2. Mu resistor ndi R2 ali ndi voteji dontho - ndi chimodzimodzi monga linanena bungwe.

Pankhaniyi linanena bungwe voteji chiŵerengero cha kukana mtengo R2 ndi pa athandizira ndi kulemekeza R1, koma kubwerera ku chizindikiro. Kudziwa voteji ndi kukana makhalidwe kuchita masamu phindu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, gawani linanena bungwe voteji kwa voteji athandizira. Mu ichi mkuzamawu ntchito (kusintha dera n'kutheka kuti aliyense) angakhale ndi phindu yomweyo kaya mtundu.

Jobs ndemanga

ntchito maganizo - tsopano chimodzi chachikulu mfundo muyenera kudziwa zambiri. Tiyerekeze, pakhomo pali mavuto ena. Pakuti kuphweka anapezazo atenge mtengo wa 1 V. Musamachite kuti R1 = 10K, R2 = 100 ohms.

Tsopano ndikuganiza kuti pali zinthu zosayembekezereka, chifukwa cha zomwe linanena bungwe siteji voteji lakhazikitsidwa kuti 0 V. Kenako, citsanzo chidwi - resistances awiri kuyamba ntchito awiriawiri, pamodzi kulenga kuchokera wogawira voteji. Pa linanena bungwe la siteji inverting anakhalabe pa 0,91 V. Ichi chizathandiza Os kukonza zolowetsa mismatch, ndipo linanena bungwe voteji kuchepetsa amapezeka. Choncho, lophweka kapangidwe chithunzi cha amplifiers ntchito, mbendera mkuzamawu amene amadziwa ntchito ya sensa, mwachitsanzo.

Ndipo kusintha adzapitiriza pores kwambiri, malinga ngati pamwamba pa mtengo linanena bungwe ndi wolimba pa 10 V. Inali pa nthawi iyi pa zolowetsa wa ntchito Zoyenereza mkuzamawu ofanana. Ndipo iwo adzakhala yemweyo monga lingathe pansi. Pa dzanja lina, ngati linanena bungwe voteji chipangizo adzapitiriza ndichepe, ndipo kudzakhala zosakwana -10 V pa kuthekera athandizira amakhala poyerekeza la pansi. Chotsatira - linanena bungwe voteji akuyamba kuwonjezera.

Chonchi chiwembu ali ndi mwayi - athandizira impedance ndi laling'ono kwambiri, makamaka amplifiers ndi mtengo wapatali wa phindu voteji, ngati mayankho kuzungulira chatsekedwa. A kamangidwe, kukambirana lotsatira, mosatsata zolakwa onsewa.

The sanali inverting mkuzamawu

chithunzi limasonyeza chithunzi cha sanali inverting mkuzamawu ndi mkuzamawu ntchito. Bwinobwino izo, tikhoza kutengapo maganizo zingapo:

1. UA mtengo voteji wofanana athandizira lapansi.
2. Ndi wogawira pa voteji UA, ndilo chiŵerengero cha ntchito linanena bungwe voteji kuti Uwerenge R1 ndi R1 ndi R2 resistances.
3. Ngati kumene mtengo wa UA chofanana ndi voteji athandizira, phindu ndi chiŵerengero cha linanena bungwe voteji kuti athandizira (kapena mwina wachibale kwa resistances R2 ndi R1 kuwonjezera wagawo).

Kapangidwe akutchedwa sanali inverting mkuzamawu, ali pafupifupi wopandamalire athandizira impedance. Mwachitsanzo, amplifiers ntchito 411 mndandanda wa mtengo wake - 1012, osachepera. Ndipo amplifiers ntchito ntchito ochititsa kuti michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi transistor, kawirikawiri owonjezera 108 ohms. Ndipo apa ndi linanena bungwe impedance wa kugwa kwa, komanso chiwembu kale anakambirana ndi laling'ono kwambiri - gawo ohms. Ndipo lifunika n'komwe pamene mawerengedwe a imagwiridwa madera ndi amplifiers ntchito.

Chiwembu AC mkuzamawu

Onse ziwembu m'nkhani kale kuthamanga pa panopa mwachindunji. Koma ngati khalidwe kulankhulana ya gwero chizindikiro athandizira ndi mkuzamawu akutumikira alternating panopa kuti adzapereka pansi pano pa athandizira lapansi. Ndipo muyenera kulabadira chakuti mtengo panopa ndi yaing'ono kwambiri mu kukula.

Ngati kumene kulimbitsa AC amam'dziŵitsa zofunika kuchepetsa phindu umodzi DC chizindikiro. Izi ndi zoona makamaka mu milandu kumene voteji phindu lalikulu kwambiri. Kudzera mwa n'zotheka kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maganizo kukameta ubweya, lopatsidwa kwa chipangizo athandizira.

Chitsanzo chachiwiri cha dera ntchito ndi alternating voteji

Mu chiwembu ichi, pa -3 DB Tingaone mzere pafupipafupi 17Hz. Zikuoneka ku impedance wa capacitor pa pogwiritsa awiri. Choncho, capacitor ayenera kukhala okwanira.

Kumanga AC mphamvu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sanali inverting madera mtundu ndi amplifiers ntchito. Ndipo iye ayenera opondapo voteji phindu. Koma pano pali capacitor akhoza kukhala waukulu kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuti asiye ntchito. N'zoona kuti m'pofunika kusankha bwino kukameta ubweya nkhawa, anasonyeza kuti phindu ziro. Ndipo n'zotheka ntchito wogawira T-zooneka ndi kuonjezera kukana mfundo za resistors onse mu dera la.

Lomwe chiwembu Ndi bwino ntchito

kutukula kwambiri kupereka asankhira kwa amplifiers sanali inverting, ngati ali impedance kwambiri pa athandizira lapansi. Ndipo ziwembu kunyalanyaza inverting mtundu. Koma pomaliza pali mwayi waukulu - si wovuta kwambiri ntchito mkuzamawu, amene ali ake "mtima".

Komanso, makhalidwe zoona, wochita bwino kwambiri. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi nthaka kungoganiza akhoza kuphatikiza zizindikiro zonse mosavuta, ndipo sadzakhala ndi mzake kukopa. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu nyumba ndi DC mkuzamawu dera kwa mkuzamawu ntchito. Izi zidalira pa zofuna zanu.

Ndipo posachedwapa - mu nkhani chiwembu lonse, panopa, chikugwirizana ndi linanena bungwe khola la ena mkuzamawu ntchito. Mu nkhani iyi, impedance a athandizira si zofunika - osachepera 1 kW, ngakhale 10, ngakhale osawerengeka. Pankhaniyi, gawo loyamba nthawi zonse amatumikira cholinga chake mwachibale kwa lotsatira.

galimoto repeater

Zoyendetsedwa wotsatira ntchito mkuzamawu ofanana ndi emitter anamanga pa transistor ochititsa kuti. Ndipo amagwira ntchito yofanana. Ndipotu, ndi sanali inverting mkuzamawu, lomwe pa resistor woyamba ndi wamphamvu zazikulu, ndipo lachiwiri ndi ziro. Pankhaniyi phindu umodzi.

Pali mitundu wapadera wa amplifiers ntchito kuti ntchito njira yokhayo kwa circuitry repeater. Ali bwino ntchito - kawirikawiri liwilo. Mwachitsanzo, monga ntchito amplifiers OPA633, LM310, TL068. Yotsirizira ali ndi thupi ngati transistor ndi, komanso mfundo zitatu. Nthawi zambiri, amplifiers awa anangomutchula kuti buffers. chakuti iwo ndi katundu insulator (kwambiri athandizira impedance ndi linanena bungwe otsika kwambiri). About anamanga mfundo imeneyi, ndipo panopa mkuzamawu dera ndi mkuzamawu ntchito.

mode yogwira

Ndipotu, ndi mode ngati imene zotuluka ndi zolowetsa wa mkuzamawu ntchito si lomwa. Ngati dera athandizira amapereka mbendera lalikulu kwambiri pa linanena bungwe izo basi wayamba kudula mlingo wa wokhometsa kapena emitter voteji. Koma pamene voteji linanena bungwe chili pa mlingo wa odulidwa - ndi zolowetsa OC voteji sasintha. Pa lonse ili singakhale kuposa yobweretsa voteji kwa bwalolo mkuzamawu.

madera ambiri chifukwa amplifiers ntchito ndi kuchita masamu ngati kuti ukulu ndi zosakwana yobweretsa voteji ndi 2 V. Komabe, izo zonse zimadalira zimene ntchito mwachindunji mkuzamawu dera ntchito mkuzamawu. Yemweyo pali malire pa polojekiti ya gwero panopa pa maziko a mkuzamawu ntchito.

Tiyerekeze muli katundu gwero akuyandama ena voteji dontho. Ngati panopa ndi malangizo yachibadwa kuyenda, angapezeke zachilendo pa katundu woyamba. Mwachitsanzo, angapo mabatire perepolyusovannyh. Izi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mwachindunji mlandu panopa.

ena kusamalitsa

Zambiri mkuzamawu voteji ntchito mkuzamawu (dera akhoza kusankhidwa aliyense) zikhoza kupangidwa limatanthauza "pa bondo wake." Koma pamafunika kuganizira zina zapadera. Onetsetsani kuti onetsetsani kuti maganizo dera la negative. Limanenanso kuti ndi zosavomerezeka kusokoneza sanali inverting ndi inverting zolowetsa wa mkuzamawu lapansi. Komanso, payenera kukhala ndemanga unyolo kwa DC. Apo ayi, uthenga ulalikidwa mkuzamawu amayamba kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga mu mode machulukitsidwe.

Ambiri mwa ntchito mkuzamawu athandizira masiyanidwe voteji ndi laling'ono kwambiri mtengo. Kusiyana pazipita pakati pa noninverting ndi zolowetsa inverting akhoza ufulu kwa mtengo wa 5 V pa chilichonse kulumikiza mphamvu zoyendetsera. Ngati sitisamala mawu amenewa, adzakhala pakhomo ndi makhalidwe m'malo yaikulu ya mafunde kuti adzatsogolera chakuti makhalidwe onse a dera adzakhala poipa.

Chinthu choyipa mu ichi - chiwonongeko thupi la mkuzamawu ntchito. Chifukwa, izo zimaleka kugwira ntchito mkuzamawu dera uthenga ulalikidwa mkuzamawu kwathunthu.

Kumbukirani

Ndipo, ndithudi, tiyenera kulankhula za malamulo amene ayenera kutsata kuonetsetsa ntchito khola ndi yokhalitsa wa mkuzamawu ntchito.

Chofunika - Du ali mkulu kwambiri voteji phindu. Ndipo ngati voteji pakati zolowetsa kusintha kugawana millivolts, linanena bungwe kufunika kwake angasinthe kwambiri. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa: ku uthenga ulalikidwa-mkuzamawu linanena bungwe akuyesera pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti voteji kusiyana pakati zolowetsa pafupi (Choncho ofanana) kuti ziro.

Lamulo lachiwiri - mowa watsopano wa mkuzamawu ntchito ndi ochepa, kwenikweni nanoamps. Ngati athandizira chikuyambika kuti kunja zotsatira transistors, akuti PA. Ndizachidziwikire kuti zolowetsa chiyani kudya panopa, ziribe kanthu chimene ntchito mkuzamawu dera ntchito - mfundo ya ntchito akanali yemweyo.

Koma sindikuganiza kuti OU kwenikweni zonse amasintha wa voteji athandizira. Thupi thupi ili pafupi n'zosatheka, popeza padzakhala kugwilizana ndi ulamuliro chachiwiri. Chifukwa cha ntchito mkuzamawu kupita ziyenera a zolowetsa onse. Ndi maganizo a dera kunja kulankhulana imafalikira ku voteji athandizira ku linanena bungwe. Zotsatira - pakati pa zolowetsa wa mkuzamawu ntchito ndi voteji kusiyana kwa ziro.

ndemanga mfundo

Ndi lingaliro wamba, ndipo kale ntchito mu lingaliro yotakata m'minda yonse ya luso. Mu dongosolo lililonse kulamulira ali ndi maganizo kuzungulira kuti akuyerekeza linanena bungwe mbendera ndi mtengo akonzedwa (Buku). Malinga ndi zimene mtengo apano - pali kukonzedwa m'njira yoyenera. Momwe dongosolo kulamulira akhoza kukhala chilichonse, ngakhale galimoto amayenda panjira.

dalaivala amayikanikiza pa nagawa, ndi ndemanga ndi - chiyambi cha deceleration lapansi. Ndi fanizo chitsanzo chosavuta, tingathe kumvetsa bwino mayankho m'madera amagetsi. A maganizo olakwika - ngati pamene kukanikiza ananyema ngo galimoto Iyamba.

Mayankho zamagetsi ndi ndondomeko imene kufala amapezeka ku linanena bungwe kwa mbendera athandizira. Choncho pali kukhazikika pa mbendera athandizira. Pa dzanja limodzi, si woganiza kwambiri lingaliro, mwina Ndipotu ngati kuchokera kunja, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa phindu. ndemanga chotero, mwa njira, oyambitsa analandira mu ndemanga zamagetsi chitukuko. Koma m'pofunika kudziwa zambiri zo ake pa amplifiers ntchito - tikambirane madera othandiza. Ndipo zimaonekeratu kuti ndi zoona ndipo pang'ono amachepetsa phindu, koma amalola kusintha pang'ono zina zimene mungachite:

1. Sinkhasinkha pafupipafupi ayankhe (zikubweretsa zofunika zawo).
2. Timatha kulosera khalidwe la mkuzamawu lapansi.
3. Angathe kuthetsa sanali linearity ndi chizindikiro kupotozedwa.

The maganizo kwambiri (tikulankhula za zoipa), chindichepere chikoka pa ntchito mkuzamawu ndi Os lotseguka. Zotsatira - magawo ake chonse zimadalira pa zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimatha dera.

M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti amplifiers onse ntchito ntchito mwa mode ndi ndi maganizo tatikulu. A voteji phindu (ake otsegula-kuzungulira) chingaopseze ngakhale mamiliyoni angapo. Choncho, mkuzamawu dera ndi mkuzamawu ntchito ndi wovuta kwambiri pa kugwilizana wa magawo onse a magetsi ndi mlingo athandizira chizindikiro.