The zosiyanasiyana yabwino ya violets (chithunzi). Mitundu ya violets ndi chisamaliro

Violet ali pafupifupi wodzala. Ndipo kodi kusiya kukongola koteroko. Mu chikhalidwe, pali pafupifupi 500 mitundu ya zomera. Dera la yogawa awo - pafupifupi dziko lonse. violets mitundu amasiyana kukula, mtundu, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe akatswiri kokha. Akutama kukongola kwawo zodabwitsa maluwa mwachikondi, sindifuna kuti kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo chulukanani. Mtundu uliwonse wa violets zabwino m'njira yakeyake, koma iwo amafuna chisamaliro chofanana. Kuti mudziwe mmene kukula zomera zimenezi, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Chiyambi cha violets

Home kwa maluwa okongola Africa East. Kufikira tsopano, ambiri osowa mitundu ya violets amapezeka kumeneko yekha ndipo ngakhale kukuteteza. Dzina lachiwiri la zomera - Saintpaulia. Mu zakutchire iwo kukula pafupi ndi mathithi a m'dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja la mitsinje, pamene gawo la chifunga ndi nkhungu. Ndinapeza maluwa Walter Baron wa Saint-Paul pafupi Uzambarskih mapiri. Iye anamukantha ndi kukongola ndi mwachikondi. Mu chikhalidwe, ambiri zomera fialkopodobnyh, koma mtundu umodzi okha, Saintpaulia, anatha kukhazikika ku kuswana kunyumba.

Kufotokozera violets

Kalasi chipinda violets ofanana ndi mnzake mu dongosolo lawo. Onse a iwo a banja Gesneriaceae, ndipo ndi dzina chachiwiri - violet uzambarskaya. Small zomera kukula amasiyana maluwa zambiri pa chaka, kupanga yekha yopuma yochepa zina. Izi ndi maluwa osatha ndi zokoma, osati kale zimayambira omwe anasonkhana mu mphamvu kubwereketsa. Violet ali lonse, chowulungika kapena pang'ono wozungulira masamba mapesi yaitali. Kangachepe iwo pang'ono ananena ndi m'mbali wavy. masamba minofu ndi mdima kapena kuwala wobiriwira. M'munsimu muli utoto, zobiriwira kapena wofiirira. Chomera ali zambiri inflorescences, kufika masentimita 3-4 awiri. maluwa ndi violet Terry, theka-awiri kapena zophweka. mtundu wawo ndi osiyanasiyana ambiri - kuchokera woyera kuti buluu mdima. Pali mitundu kuti ndi ziwiri kamvekedwe mtundu.

mitundu hybrid

Chiwerengero cha hybrids m'nthawi ambiri kuposa mitundu ikuluikulu. Chifukwa kusankha lero muli anthu okwana 2,000 mitundu ndi mitundu wosakanizidwa. Violets zidzasankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi mtundu wawo. Apa ife tikhoza kusiyanitsa nyenyezi, tingachipeze powerenga, limbic, ndi violet zongopeka "chimeras". Malinga ndi mtundu wa masamba Saintpaulia anawagawa anyamata ndi atsikana. Pansi pa pepala "atsikana" pali noticeable yowala malo, ndi "anyamata" tsamba kwathunthu wobiriwira. Makulidwe a mwake mwa zomera angafikire 60 masentimita. Izi violet - zimphona. Kunadetsa kuona violets ndi zitsulo pakati (40 masentimita). Komanso, pali zomera kakang'ono ndi kukula kwa kubwereketsa awiri a 15 masentimita, ndi chidutswa - 6 masentimita. Violets "chimeras" ndi zosiyana Mzere pa pamakhala a. Ndi mitundu kwambiri zosowa. Iwo akhoza zimafalitsidwa anawo yekha ndi peduncles. Mtundu uliwonse wa violets zabwino zake.

The mitundu wotchuka

Pali mitundu ya violets omwe ankafuna kwambiri pa florist. Iwo ali ofanana ndi amamudziwa ndinazolowera zikhalidwe zoweta kuswana. hybrids ambiri akhala zichokera kwa iwo. Zosiyanasiyana violets ndi malongosoledwe a chikhalidwe chawo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mdima Saintpaulia (Saintpaulia confusa) chimasiyana molunjika tsinde, umene uli 10 masentimita mu msinkhu. maluwa ndi buluu violet mtundu ndi Maluwa chikasu ndipo mu racemes zidutswa 4. Fialkotsvetkovaya Saintpaulia (Saintpaulia ionantha) ali osiyana mitundu inflorescences anachokera hybrids: oyera, pinki, buluu, ofiira ndi violet. Masamba pamwamba ake wobiriwira ndi enaake wofiira pansipa. Kuthengo, zomera ndi maluwa yekha ndi violet buluu mtundu. Saintpaulia ionantha Magungenskaya kapena Saintpaulia ali nthambi zimayambira, amene kutalika ndi 15 cm. Masamba a zomera ndi awiri a za 6 masentimita, ndi m'mbali wavy. Maluwa violet - wofiirira mtundu, anasonkhana pa masamba awiri kapena anayi. Saintpaulia teitensis - ndi mitundu yosowa ya violets, amene zimatetezedwa ndi kokha opezeka Kenya. The mitundu yabwino ya violets uzambarskih walunjika Saintpaulia Chimera Monique, ndi maluwa wofiirira ndi felemu woyera. Saintpaulia Chimera Myrthe osiyana pinki ndi pamakhala wofiira amene m'mphepete mwa lamizeremizere woyera. Violet Saintpaulia Ramona - ndi zosiyanasiyana ndi mdima yofiira maluwa ndi Maluwa achikasu. Pomaliza, woyera violet Saintpaulia Nada, lomwe likupezeka mu aliyense wokonda zomera. Zosiyanasiyana ndi mayina a violets anagula mu sitolo, mwina silikudziwika. Izi maina senpolii zimapezeka kokha mu nurseries apadera ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Violets zimaŵetedwa ku kwawo ndi ena masinthidwe.

kugula violets

Kodi Ndimayang'ana pamene kugula mbewu? Choyamba, pa masamba. Iwo sayenera mawanga extraneous. Iwo zingasonyeze kuti mmera kachilombo. violet Ichi ndi zovuta kukula. ayenera kusankha zinthu wachiwiri m'munsi mzere wa dilution ndi cuttings tsamba. Masamba m'munsi kungakhale kwambiri zatha ndi ana ang'onoang'ono. Onetsetsani kufunsa za zosiyanasiyana dzina la wogulitsa. Masamba a chomera sayenera kwambiri anatambasula oposa. Izi zikusonyeza kupanda kuwala. Cholandirira ayenera kukhala wathanzi ndipo palibe zizindikiro za kuwonongeka. Cuttings wa violets ndi zitsulo ndi osalimba kwambiri. Izi ziyenera n'komwe afotokoze. Zosiyanasiyana ndi mayina a violets azilemba ndi n'kudziphatika kwa mphika.

Iwo amakonda violets

Aliyense maluwa amafuna zikhalidwe kuswana. Ziribe kanthu wotani violets anagulidwa, kupeza chomera malo bwino anayatsa. Koma kumbukirani kuti Saintpaulia osati ngati dzuwa. Pa kugwa awo pa masamba amaoneka kutenthedwa, ndi maluwa tikafere pa kukhudzana yaitali kwa dzuwa. Violets, chithunzi ndi dzina la zosiyanasiyana angapezeke mu nkhani iyi, ngati zenera pa kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa mbali ya nyumba. Kumbali yakum'mwera amafuna kuteteza ku dzuwa, pritenit. Kutentha yabwino kwa chipinda kulima violets ranges kuchokera madigiri 20 kuti 24. Pakuti ambiri violets akhoza okonzeka ndi chikombole wapadera. Chiwalitsiro Pankhaniyi akhale yokumba. Saintpaulia sindimakonda drafts, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti atenge zimenezo mu yaitali mpweya wabwino.

kuthirira violets

Aliyense yonse ya violets, mitundu woyera kapena zosowa zina zolimbitsa kuthirira. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi firiji kapena pang'ono otentha. Oyenera kuteteza kapena osasankhidwa wapampopi madzi. Kuthirira Saintpaulia bwino mu poto. Ndi ulimi wothirira, kufunika pamwamba kuyesa sangagwelenso pa masamba, maluwa, makamaka pakati pa kubwereketsa lapansi. Ku malo maluwa kuoneka, ndipo iye akhoza kufa. Patapita mphindi 10-15, madzi sump ayenera kuchotsedwa. Bzalani nthawi imeneyi zimatenga zofunika kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Flower nthaka ayenera lonyowa osati konyowa. Ngati chilengedwechi kuposa yaiwisi, izo lidzawola dongosolo muzu ndi khoma kubwereketsa. Kutsirira ikuchitika pa pafupifupi nthawi 1-2 sabata, koma zimatengera pa nyengo, khalidwe nthaka ndi chipinda kutentha. Nthawi zina Violet suti kupopera. njirayi akhala akugwira m'chilimwe. Koma ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi akupewa dzuwa kugwa pa mbewu yonyowa.

pamwamba kuvala

Violets musati amafuna feedings pafupipafupi. Wokonzeka gawo lapansi ali zofunika zonse zakudya, zomwe ndi zofunika chitukuko kuberekana kwa mbewu. Choncho suffices kuti repot iliyonse violets kalasi kamodzi pachaka kapena pang'ono zambiri. Kuti adyetse Saintpaulia, ngati wotopa, ntchito fetereza wapadera. Iwo anabwera mu madzi ndi granular. Feteleza sayenera kwambiri anaikira. chizindikiro adzakhala lakuti (NPK). Zokometsera angathe kuchitidwa osapitirira kamodzi pamwezi. Kumbukirani kuti zomera lapansi kathakal nthawi yomweyo sayenera overdried.

Onetsetsani kuwerenga malangizo kuti bwino kudyetsa violet. Ana ogulitsira asafe zili m'nthaka ayenera kupitiliza kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kudzala anapanga Mphukira, ndipo bloomed kwambiri, m'pofunika kudyetsa kukonzekera mankwala. Ndiye maluwa lalikulu ndi yowala. Komanso nthawi imeneyi Saintpaulia ayenera kwambiri kuwala. Koma m'pofunika kuti apange feteleza mosamala. zakudya owonjezera akhoza zoipa. Manyowa mbewu kukachitika kuti akusowa kwenikweni. Salimbikitsa maonekedwe violets mwina chifukwa chisamaliro zosayenera.

Kubalana violet tsamba cuttings

Violet, mitundu watsopano umene amapezeka nthawi zokwanira, mwangwiro imabereka cuttings tsamba. Koma si ntchito kwa mitundu yonse. Cuttings ndi angakwanitse ndipo Chophweka njira kuswana izi maluwa okongola. Koma ngakhale kuphweka kwa kuswana a mitundu awa, ambiri kuyambira wamaluwa ndi zinalephereka nthawi yoyamba. Phesi niivunda ndi kufa, sadzakhala mizu. Tiyeni tikambirane za ena a mbali ya ndondomekoyi. Kawirikawiri ntchito tichotseretu madzi owiritsa. Komanso ntchito Agroperlit kapena vermiculite. Chabwino violet zokwanira zimapanga mizu mu Moss, sphagnum Moss. Kupambana atsopano a zitsulo peat mapiritsi manyowa, zimene amene tichepetse kutenga kuwonongeka. Kuyamba, kudula ndi mpeni wakuthwa kapena lezala petiole. Izo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mizere pakati. Kodi mosamala, chifukwa violet - wodzala zomera. Phesi sayenera kukhala motalika. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutalika - zosaposa 4 masentimita. Izi ana lalikulu phesi mofulumira kwambiri. Ikani mu chikhazikitso ankafuna. Chinyezi kwa rooting wabwino akhale mkulu, ndi kutentha mkati madigiri 20-24. Ndi bwino kumanga pamwamba pa teplichku yaing'ono, kapena kuyika chidebe mu phukusi. Patapita mwezi ndi theka payenera kukhala ana. Atangotuluka kwambiri, iwo ayenera anapambulwa. Ife kuchita mosamala kwambiri, asang'ambe kuwononga mizu. ana Otsazhivayut mu mphika osiyana. Aliyense phesi, amene anapereka violet (mitundu, ndi zithunzi m'nkhani ino), akhoza kupanga mphukira zingapo. Mphamvu kubzala sayenera waukulu kwambiri, osaposa 6 masentimita awiri. Ngati pepala-mwiniwake molimbika, akhoza anasiya kuti adzathe rooting.

ana kubzala

Pamene chodzala kwenikweni ntchito ngalande, chosungikira pansi pa mphika. Izi zikhoza kukhala Moss peat Moss, thovu kapena chabwino kukodzedwa dongo. Sankhani malo apadera violets. Ziyenera kukhala otayirira, zofewa ndi thanzi. N'zotheka kuwonjezera pa vermiculite ndi perlite (a chachisanu buku dothi). Mukhozanso kuchepetsa nthaka ndi Moss, sphagnum Moss, kudula nyema ang'onoang'ono. Pakuti ana angathe kumanga teplichku masabata 2-3 atengere. Timaika pa linawala zenera sill, koma osati kuchokera kum'mwera. M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuthetsa drafts dongosolo muzu sati supercooled. masabata 2-3 ayenera kuyamba tempering zomera, kutsegula teplichku. Tiyenera kuyamba ndi mphindi 15 ndi kubweretsa nthawi mpaka mphindi 30.

kubalana anawo

Violets, chithunzi ndi dzina la zosiyanasiyana zimene zatchulidwa m'nkhani ino, kuchulukitsa anawo. Kuti rooting wopambana inu kudikira kuoneka 3-4 masamba stepson. Kwa njirayi, muyenera mpeni kapena choboolera. Ndi thandizo lawo mosamala wosiyana ndi mayi chomera stepson. Pakufunika zochepa ngati n'kotheka kuvulaza mizu ya violets ndi cuttings tsamba. Tsopano inu muyenera kucheza ndondomeko rooting. Chifukwa chaichi mphika ndi gawo lapansi kapena peat humus piritsi. Stepson ndiye kuziika mu mphika ndi dziko lapansi likhale pa kutentha kwa. masabata 3-4 ayenera kuyamba tempering, pang'onopang'ono kuchotsa kutentha. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa kuswana kwa violets "chimeras", ndi mitundu zapamwamba.

Kusankha miphika

Kusankha chidebe bwino chifukwa chodzala violets kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu apa akuti ndi awiri a. kufunika kwake kwa ana ndi zitsulo akhale 5-6 masentimita. zomera achikulire obzalidwa miphika ndi awiri a 10-12 masentimita. Akukhulupirira kuti mphika bwino kakang'ono kuposa kubwereketsa katatu. Kutalika kwa miphika sayenera lalikulu. violets zabwino kwambiri kuyang'ana mu akasinja otsika. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito monga miphika ceramic kapena mapulasitiki. Mtundu wachiwiri wa mtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Care violet

Izi ambiri amaganiza maluwa, pinki violets - mitundu ndi maluwa wosakhwima, woyera - woyera ndi wosalakwa, wofiira - mokhudza, buluu - wokongola zimafunika akunjenjemera chisamaliro. Zomera wamkulu m'pofunika kuchotsa masamba wakale, kutaya mtundu wawo ndi kulanda maganizo. Pambuyo kuchotsa mzere pansi masamba mu mphika wa nthaka kudzaza kapena kuphimba ndi Moss, sphagnum Moss. Ndi kuisamalira mbewu zingasangalatse maluŵa zazikulu, ndi kuswana amasangalala yekha. Perekani senpoliy kuunikira bwino, kutentha omasuka, chinyezi ndi kuthirira chokwanila, Chofunika, chikondi, ndipo iwo zabwino. Mitundu ndi mitundu zambiri moti mukhoza kuchita nawo yosonkhanitsa, kuwonjezera latsopano, mitundu olondola a violets.