Thupi chabe. mogwirizana

Zamoyo thupi lake zikuphatikizapo chimodzi chokha selo, ndi losavuta. Iwo akhoza kukhala akalumikidzidwa osiyana ndi modes zosiyanasiyana za kayendedwe. Aliyense akudziwa dzina osachepera limodzi, ndilo losavuta zamoyo, koma osati onse kuti zimenezi si nyama. Choncho, chimene iwo ali, ndi mtundu Ambiri? Ndipo kodi nyama? Zosokonezeka ndi coelenterates, zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi oyenera kuphunzira zambiri.

Subkingdom unicellular

Mogwirizana ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timene. matupi awo ndi lopangidwa ndi selo limodzi lokha, lomwe lili ntchito zonse zofunikira moyo. Choncho, losavuta zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi kagayidwe, akhoza kuonetsa irritability, kusuntha ndi kuberekana. Ena amasiyana mawonekedwe zonse za thupi, pamene ena zikusintha izo. Mbali yaikulu ya thupi ndi phata atazungulira cytoplasm. M'menemo muli mitundu yambiri ya organelles. The choyamba - obschekletochnye. Zikuphatikizapo ribosomes, mitochondria, zida Galdzhi ndi zina zotero. Chachiwiri - wapadera. Zikuphatikizapo m'mimba ndi contractile vacuole. Pafupifupi protists onse akhoza kusuntha mosavuta. Pochita zimenezi, iwo amathandizidwa ndi pseudopodia, michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana kapena cilia. Chinthu chapadera cha zamoyo ndi phagocytosis - luso mumpanda zolimba ndi kupukusa iwo. Ena amathanso kugwira photosynthesis.

Kodi kutalikitsa zokhala ndi selo imodzi?

Mogwirizana angapezeke kulikonse - mu madzi, dothi kapena nyanja. A digiri yapamwamba ya kupulumuka amatipatsa mphamvu kuti encysted. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atakumana chowawa, thupi amalowa siteji kupuma, yokutidwa ndi m'chimake wandiweyani zozitetezera. Kupanga cysts kumathandiza osati kupulumuka, komanso kufalitsa - kotero thupi kukhala mu malo bwino kwambiri, kumene kupeza chakudya ndi mwayi kubereka. thupi chabe anachita posachedwapa mothandizidwa ndi awiri magawano selo yatsopano. Ena angalimbikitse kubereka, pali mitundu kuti kuphatikiza options onse.

amoeba

Iwo ayenera kutchula zamoyo ambiri. Losavuta amaganizira view izi - ndi amoebas. Iwo alibe thupi mawonekedwe okhazikika, ndi phazi onyenga ntchito kuti ayende maulendo. Iwo amoeba analanda chakudya - algae, mabakiteriya kapena mogwirizana ena. Pseudopodia ozungulira izo, thupi ndipamene m'mimba vacuole. Zonse zinabala zinthu imatulutsidwa mu cytoplasm, ndipo undigested kunja. Kupuma amoeba amachita thupi lonse kudzera mayamwidwe. The madzi owonjezera m'thupi zichokera contractile vacuole. chulutsa ndondomeko amapezeka ndi kugawa pachimake, pambuyo amene maselo awiri analandira. Amoebas ndi madzi oyera. Mogwirizana nawo pa anthu ndi nyama, zimene zinachitikira iwo kungachititse kuti zosiyanasiyana matenda kapena kunyoza mkhalidwe wonse.

euglena wobiriwira

chamoyo china, anagawira mu madzi abwino, komanso anafotokoza kuti losavuta. Mu Euglena wobiriwira thupi spindle woboola pakati, ndi wosanjikiza wandiweyani kunja kwa cytoplasm. The kumaso kwa thupi umatha ndi bakiteriya udzakhalire yaitali, kupyolera thupi likupita. Mu cytoplasm pali ena chromatophores chowulungika, amene ali chlorophyll. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwunika zoyendetsedwa euglena autotrophic - athe si zamoyo zonse. Mogwirizana akutsogoleredwa ndi thandizo la diso. Ngati euglena yaitali kukhala mu mdima, wotchedwa chlorophyll Mwamsanga ndi chamoyo lifike ndondomeko heterotrophic kwa kotunga ndi mayamwidwe zinthu organic madzi. Ngati amoeba, mogwirizana, izi kubereka kugawa, ndi kupuma lonse.

Volvox

Pakati pa zamoyo unicellular ndi atsamunda zimachitika. Mwachidule lotchedwa Volvox moyo mwanjira imeneyo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi thupi gelatinous, popangidwa ndi mamembala munthu wa njuchi. Aliyense Volvox ali michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana awiri. Kayendedwe yolongosoka maselo onse ndinazolowera kusamukira ku malo. Ena a iwo kwanilitse kuti zibalane. Choncho pali bulanchi Volvox njuchi. Mu dongosolo lomwelo, ndipo algae osiyana, lotchedwa Chlamydomonas.

Ciliate-slipper

Izi wokhala chinanso cha madzi abwino. ciliates otchedwa akuyenera kupanga maselo awo, chokhala nsapato. Organelles kuti ntchito kayendedwe, wotchedwa cilia. Thupi ali ndi mawonekedwe zonse ndi chipolopolo wandiweyani ndi mitima iwiri, ang'ono ndi lalikulu. Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kawetedwe, ndipo umalamulira yachiwiri ndondomeko zonse zofunika. Mphamvu infusorian amagwiritsa mabakiteriya, algae ndi zamoyo zina zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Mogwirizana zambiri kulenga m'mimba vacuole mu nsapato ndi pamalo enaake pakamwa. Kuchotsa zatsalira undigested poroshitsa pano ndi kusankha ikuchitika ntchito vacuoles contractile. Pakuti ciliates yodziwika ndi asexual kubereka, koma akhoza limodzi ndi mgwirizano wa anthu awiri nzeru gasi. Zimenezi amatchedwa conjugation. Chonse madzi oyera mogwirizana ciliate-slipper ndi zovuta kwambiri dongosolo lawo.

Tating'ono mu nthaka ndi madzi a m'nyanja

Kuwonjezera pa anthu a madzi mosungiramo, ndipo ayenera kutchula mogwirizana ena. Choncho, kunyanja ambiri zamoyo radiolarians ndi foraminifera. Akufa koyamba mawonekedwe a thupi madipoziti mchere opals ndi yade. Foraminifers kusiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa mbewu chipolopolo mchenga kapena calcium, ndipo pambuyo mawonekedwe imfa laimu kapena choko. Ndipo iwo ndi ena mbali ya zomera ndi. nthaka chili zosiyanasiyana mogwirizana. Iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe dziko latsopano. Komanso, zamoyo mwina majeremusi. Amatsogolera matenda oopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama. Yotchuka kwambiri ndi Plasmodium falciparum, zomwe zikukhazikitsa mwazi wa munthu. Kamwazi amoeba angasokoneze m'mimba. Trypanosomes kufalitsa matenda a kaodzera.