Vitebsk, Cathedral wa Akukwera: chithunzi ndi mbiri

Woyera Mfundo Cathedral mu Vitebsk - mmodzi wa wapadera zipilala mapulani a Belarus. mpingo Orthodox ili pa magombe a Western Dvina pa Akukwera Hill. Kwa izo zichokela dzina Cathedral.

nkhani

Imadziwika mu Belarus ndi kunja ndi Mfundo Cathedral (Vitebsk). Mbiri ya malo awa kunayamba m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Phiri womwewo, amene anali kutchedwa dazi, kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akugwiritsa ntchito yomanga nyumba achipembedzo - akachisi.

Kungotchula oyamba a mpingo matabwa anamangidwa pa phiri, amanena chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Ndiyeno anaitana Mpingo wa Akukwera wa Wodalitsika Namwali Mariya. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri icho unasamutsidwira Uniates. Uniate alikibishopu anaphedwa ndi kuwononga nzika kachisi mu zaka zingapo. mpingo anawachotsa mwa bwalo, anthu kutsogoloku Vitebsk kubwezeretsedwa pa ndalama zake.

Malinga ndi malipoti ena, mpingo yapsya kuzungulira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, ndipo patapita kanthawi, anamanga mpingo watsopano matabwa m'malo ake. Koma ntchitoyi mofulumira kutaya mawonekedwe wapachiyambi. Koma wokhala wa Vitebsk, kuweruza Adam Kissel, ndalama zawo ndipo anamanga kachisi alangidwe Basilian obisika. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, tawuni unawotchedwa ndi kachisi. Adam Kissel kachiwiri kubwezeretsedwa nyumba onse.

Mwatsoka, ili sanali moto okha mbiri ya tchalitchi. Posakhalitsa anatentha kachiwiri. malowo anali anathawira kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Mpingo woyamba wa miyala

Woyera Mfundo Cathedral mu Vitebsk mofulumira palibe kuchira. Only mu 1743 anaganiza m'pingo mwala. polojekiti zinachokera Hrodna wamanga Joseph kasupe. kachisi anakhala nyumba wapatali a zomangamanga mzindawo, monga ankaganiza kuti woyambitsa wa chitukuko monga maziko anatenga a mipingo Rome ndipo pafupifupi anakopera izo. Koma yomanga anaima pafupi pomwepo pokhapokha kukumananso wa Vitebsk ndi Russian Ufumu anadza kusintha choyamba. Inamangidwa mu 1777, mpingo opatulidwira patapita zaka khumi.

Cathedral wa mpingo Mfundo unatchedwa dongosolo la Paulo ine kulanda Orthodox dipatimenti obisika. Koma mavuto m'njira ya tchalitchi sanali mapeto. Pa nkhondo kukonda dziko lako za 1812 mu mpingo izo okonzeka kuchipatala French, makhalidwe onse anawonongedwa. Nkhondo itatha linadzamangidwanso nakhala chosaiwalika yowala.

M'zaka za m'ma-makumi awiri, mphamvu Soviet anabwera Vitebsk. Kopanda Cathedral chinatsekedwa ndipo patapita zaka zingapo kumayambiriro yophukira m'mawa chakumene.

Pa malo omwewo msonkhano kupanga makina zipangizo zomera inamangidwa, koma posakhalitsa linasiyidwa ndi kuphwasula.

Kubwezeretsa Woyera Dormition Cathedral

Mu nineties oyambirira zaka mazana makumi awiri, amisiri Chibelarusi apanga dongosolo la kubwezeretsedwa kwa tchalitchi. Mu 1998, mkulu wa mabishopu wa Moscow ndipo onse Russia Alexy II opatulidwira ku kapisozi ndi mwala woyamba chinaikidwa pa malo lachiwiri la kachisi anawonongedwa.

Ofukula ndi kulingalira ndendende malo a m'madera onse a kachisi. Komanso pa nthawi imeneyi, zotsalira anthu anapezeka kuti mosakayikira a akuvutika chifukwa cha NKVD kapena German Gestapo. zotsalira anali m'manda pafupi ndi tchalitchi. Pa imodzi mwa makoma ake chikwangwani cha chikumbutso ndi mtanda anaika.

Kachisi anayamba m'chilimwe cha 2000. Patatha zaka zitatu, pokhala kulembedwa mu m'munsi gawo la Cathedral womwe unachitikira ku chipembedzo choyamba. Mu 2005 nthawi imeneyi inatha, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anali wokonzeka ndi pansi woyamba. Pakutha 2007 anamanga mpanda wa yosanja ndi belu nsanja.

M'chaka cha 2008 anali opatulidwira ndipo anaika pa limodzi la nsanja mabelu khumi, yaikulu kulemera matani awiri. Posakhalitsa anaika domes ndi mitanda.

ntchito anayamba m'kachisi, panali maganizo kuyatsa. Pansanja wina anaika khumi mabelu. Ena mwa iwo ndi belu yakula mu Belarus, izo zimalemera matani oposa asanu. Thandizo yaikulu kumanganso kachisi wa ogula Russian. Pomanga tchalitchi, anapita kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Kirill.

Mu 2011, iye anapambana Vitebsk lonse. Kopanda Cathedral kwathunthu anakongoletsa. Kutsegula chachikulu zinachitika madzulo a holide lalikulu - ndi Annunciation.

Anthu ndi alendo nthawi zonse amasangalala kubwera ku mpingo, chifukwa kokha kuno mukhoza kumva kulira oposa 20 mabelu. Amanyadira yomanga ake Vitebsk. Kopanda Cathedral anali opatulidwira September 30, 2011, Metropolitan wa Minsk ndi Slutsk Filaret mu concelebration ndi mabishopu onse a Chibelarusi Orthodox.

nthano

Pali nthano zambiri zokhudza kachisi. Mmodzi mwa iwo anati kuti pansi tchalitchi pali malemba mobisa yopita ku Western Dvina.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu pomanga kachisi akhazikitsa magulu kupatulako anasonkhanitsa pansi madzi zapansi mumtsinje. N'kudzandigunda anali kwambiri moti munthu akhoza kuyenda kupyolera mwa iwo kukula zonse. M'kupita kwa nthawi, n'kudzandigunda salinso N'zoonekeratu mu zapansi ndi kusonkhanitsa kwambiri ndithu madzi.

Features a zomangamanga a tchalitchi

Poyamba, kachisi anamangidwa mu kalembedwe Baroque. Chifukwa cha buku la naves ndi (elongated danga njanjira mbali ziwiri ndi zipilala kapena mizati moyandikana) anapanga volumetric dongosolo tchalitchi. Silhouette a nyumbayo chokongoletsedwa ndi magetsi atatu, wina anaika pamwamba pa mzikiti waukulu, ndi zina ziwiri - pa nsanja.

Kwa kapangidwe wapakamwa ntchito zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso niches, nsalu yotchinga lamba. The zikuchokera anali mofikapo m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Pa yosanja ndi zomera. timipata Oika anagawidwa m'matchalitchi. Kutalika okwana tchalitchi ukufika mamita oposa makumi asanu.

A mwaluso a zomangamanga

Vitebsk zosayembekezereka alendo ndi zomangamanga. Kopanda Cathedral - mmodzi wa wapadera zomera Chibelarusi. Izi ndi kachisi okha Vitebsk, m'munsi gawo limene aikidwa pansi. Pambuyo akukumana ndi mavuto ambirimbiri, kachisi ukadali nakhalanso ndi kukongola kwambiri. Anthu a Vitebsk kwambiri malo odabwitsa.

Mmodzi wa kachisi kugwetsa Soviet Pyotr Grigorenko anati, Ataona chozizwitsa chimenechi, ambiri anagwada.

Kusinthidwa ano Vitebsk. Kopanda Cathedral zikusintha pamodzi ndi izo. Chimakopa osati chofunika ake zakunja komanso yokongola mkati, amene amalenga m'mlengalenga wapadera wa kachisi wachikondi, amadalitsa cha zinthu zabwino.

Akatswiri ambiri kuyerekeza Belarus ndi nyumba Russian Cathedral ndi kuyamikira kukongola kwake. Ena amawanena kuti mwaluso a zomangamanga.