Osiyanasiyana Onena za molybdenum ntchito kumene, katundu, ntchito kwachilengedwenso mu thupi

Umagwirira ndi maziko a moyo wathu. zinthu zonse banja amapangidwa ndi tebulo zodziwitsa zinthu kugwirizana. Mphindi iliyonse anthu akukumana masinthidwe zovuta zokhudza mankhwala. M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira za zitsulo monga molybdenum kumene applicable, katundu ndi ntchito pa thupi la munthu.

Ife wofufuza mbiri

Mchere ndi mu kapangidwe kake wa molybdenum, ankadziwika ku Greece. Anthu mankhwala achilengedwe ndi dongosolo ofanana graphite. Choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamodzi naye kulenga patsogolo. Molybdenite MoS₂ anali imvi wobiriwira kulocha polemba pa pepala. The luster khalidwe molybdaena dzina lake linaperekedwa - ". Ngati mtovu"

Carl Wilhelm Scheele kufufuza chimene apanga trioxide MoO₃, koma chifukwa chosowa ng'anjo yoyenera sangathe bwinobwino zitsulo mu mawonekedwe woyera. Yonsu Jakob Berzelius anakwanitsa chaka 1817 kupeza molybdenum okusayidi kuchira mwa osati ndi khala ndi wa hydrogen. Kupanga mchitidwe wakhala ankaphunzira ndipo anafotokoza mu ntchito za sayansi ndi.

thupi katundu

molybdenum ndi chiyani? Izi kuwala imvi zitsulo lomwe mu maonekedwe ake angwiro kugonjetsedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni (m'mikhalidwe zachilendo). Ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa madigiri 400-600, luso limeneli yafupika ndipo anapanga trioxide MoO₃.

Molybdenum kovok ductile ndi mosavuta amaloŵamo kulipira. Zitsulo kachulukidwe 10,2 g / ^cm3, limatsogolera mfundo 2620 ⁰S otentha - 4800 ⁰S. Kuyambira Chiwerengerochi zikuonekeratu kuti tugoplavok ndithu. Kupezeka kwa mpweya, asafe kapena sulfa zosafunika bwanji thupi katundu, makamaka, chuma amakhala osalimba ndi Chimaona. Molybdenum ndi paramagnetic. Ndi kukula kutentha mphamvu yake kwambiri.

Natural molybdenum pawiri, kupeza

Iwo ayenera kudziwika kuti molybdenum sapezeka mawonekedwe koyera, alipo mu chikhalidwe okha mankhwala ndi zinthu zina. Chitsanzo zitsulo zili mu kutumphuka 3 ∙ 10 ^-4%. Pali 15 mchere, limene ambiri ali:

• disulfide mos ₂ - molybdenite;
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite;
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

minda Main mankhwala awa yogwirizana ndi njira ya mafunsidwe magwero Madziwo.

Mu zolinga mafakitale atamupopa molybdenum disulfide amafotokozera. tanthauzo lake ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kupeza zitsulo koyera. Izi zimachitika kudzera mwa patsogolo pa ores ndi asamire. Choncho analandira maganizo, amene kenako pansi calcination.

2MoS ₂ + 7O ₂ = 2MoO ₃ + 4SO ₂

An okusayidi akutali ndi oyera yafupika ndi mtsinje wa hydrogen youma pa kutentha madigiri 700. The mankhwala anachita ndi ufa wa molybdenum. M'tsogolo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe koyera kapena ngati mfundo amapanga anagubuduza ndiponso kuumbidwa nkhani.

Kupanga aloyi zitsulo

Ferrous zitsulo amagwiritsa molybdenum ufa mankhwala. Kodi ntchito? Pakuti alloying steels ndi zitsulo chosungunula. Kuwonjezera amafotokozera izi kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi zayamba bwino khalidwe lawo. Kuchuluka elasticity, kukana kumva kuwawa, zimakhudza kukana. Zitsulo structural anawonjezera za 0.5% molybdenum, mbewu zabwino amakhala yunifolomu kwambiri ndi izi dongosolo lawo, yafupika brittleness mankhwala komaliza.

Kuwonjezera zinthu zina amalola kupeza nyimbo yapadera ankagwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana. Kasakaniza wazitsulo, monga cobalt ndi faifi tambala (50-60%) ndi chromium (pafupifupi 20-28%) ndi doped powonjezera molybdenum. Kodi amenewa ndi ntchito? Yankho lake lagona pa katundu wake wapadera - mkulu kutentha kukana. Izo ntchito popanga mbali ndege ndi zida casing.

Ntchito kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi molybdenum

Powonjezera molybdenum kuti niobium, titaniyamu ndi zitsulo zina kumawonjezera kopitilira muyeso kutentha kukana aloyi. zikuchokera angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulenga mbali ya turbines mpweya ndi zipinda kuyaka mu roketi.

Mu kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi wambirimbiri molybdenum (17-28%) chinawonjezeka kukaniza dzimbiri. Iwo satero ngakhale mogwirizana mantha ndi asidi iliyonse (kupatula HF).

The katundu refractory wa molybdenum ndi ntchito zake polenga mipope wapadera ndi zofunika kwambiri mu nyukiliya makampani mphamvu. mankhwala amenewa angathe kupirira osungunula lifiyamu. Iwo amachita udindo wa coolant mu makina amene ureniamu. Komanso, molybdenum mu Mo 99 isotope anapeza ntchito monga chizindikiro makampani nyukiliya.

Chifukwa infusibility molybdenum therefrom kulenga amatha kuumba magawo kuponyera zopangidwa ndi mkuwa, zitsulo zotayidwa ndi nthaka. Mkulu mphamvu zitsulo chimathandiza njira pansi kuthamanga.

Ganyu ndi kukhomerera, ntchito

Kuyambira akusowekapo akamagwira kusungunuka ufa, kutulutsa adagulung'undisa mankhwala - ndodo ndi waya. Iwo amakhala ndi choyera molybdenum zitsulo wakuti. Kodi ngati mankhwala ntchito? Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito kupanga thermocouples amene ntchito kuyeza kutentha pamwamba 2000 ⁰C. Ngowe ndi mitima kwa kumulowetsa tungsten filament mu incandescent babu amadziwikanso zopangidwa molybdenum waya. Kuika wa cathodes ndi maelekitirodi moganizira mu machubu X-ray ndi kupoletsa machubu ayenera kukhala odalirika ndipo amachita zofuna za mkulu refractory zitsulo. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, mwangwiro wosakanikirana molybdenum yobwereka.

Ndodo ndi mbale ntchito m'malo maelekitirodi mu ng'anjo ya mkulu-kusungunuka. Iwo adzaikidwe mu sing'anga wapadera ongokhala argon, wa hydrogen, kapena kuyamwa. Chifukwa chakuti molybdenum samalowa galasi mu zochita mankhwala amanena kuti zotsimikizira mbali melter.

Mapulogalamu m'mafakitale ena

Molybdenum wapeza ntchito ku makampani mafuta. Pamenepo ntchito monga chothandizira akhoza kuyeretsa malonda zosafunika sulfure. Zotayidwa ofotokoza lubricants chopangidwa disulfide. Iwo ziziyenda ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana komanso kuteteza pamwamba motsutsana kuwonongeka makina pa kutentha. Uli ndi girizi ndi katundu anticorrosive.

Mu kupanga utoto, kumene ntchito ndi oxides molybdenum, analandira inki kulimbikira lachikasu lalanje mithunzi. Kupanga ulusi yokumba komanso akudutsa popanda thunthu. Pofuna kuonjezera asafe zili wa microfertilizer nthaka ntchito, monga molybdenum.

Udindo wa molybdenum mu thupi

Molybdenum wapatsidwa yofunika kwambiri mu thupi la munthu. Iwo kumatanthauza kaphatikizidwe wa hemoglobin, asafe ndi purine kagayidwe. Kodi udindo mayamwidwe wa chitsulo ndi vitamini C, wamphamvu antioxidant. Microelement ali onkoprotektornyh, zotsatira rejuvenating.

Zakudya zokhala molybdenum - ndi nyemba ndi mbewu monga chimanga, leafy zamasamba. Chofunika kuchuluka kwa kufufuza chinthu akulowa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, ngati mudya bwino. kusowa kwake kudzazika ntchito mchere maofesi.