M'masukulu apamwamba Muslim kale ndi lero

m'masukulu apamwamba Muslim mu caliphate Arab otchedwa madrassas, nthawi yoyamba mabungwe awa anali mu IX m'ma AD Woyamba chinamasulidwa mu 859 mu Morocco. Madrasah zambiri ntchito mumzikiti, iwo ankaphunzitsa Chiarabu, Quran, mbiri ya Islam, ndi ma Hadiths, ndi Sharia (Muslim malamulo a chikhalidwe, imene imagwiritsidwa maganizo a khalidwe la Asilamu), kalam. Mu Middle Ages, masukulu apamwamba Muslim nthawi zambiri osati zamulungu koma chikhalidwe tanthauzo.

Maphunzilo ku World Chisilamu

Arab Caliphate inayambira ndi Mtumiki Muhammad, kapena kani, kuyambira Hijaz analenga m'chiyambi cha m'dera m'ma VII. Pamene, pambuyo yosamutsa wa Asilamu unakhazikitsidwa Medina, Mneneri Muhammad anawauza kuti aphunzitse ana awo kuwerenga ndi kulemba ku mizikiti ndi. Pang'onopang'ono panali zipinda osiyana, ndi Anzawo kusukulu ya pulaimale.

Mu dziko la chisilamu anatuluka ndi masukulu woyamba wapamwamba Muslim - Nizamiyya. Kuwonjezera maphunziro, ngakhale mu nthawi zakale, anali mfulu, akhoza kuphunzira - ana a anthu olemekezeka ndi amalonda anali atakhala pafupi ndi ana a osawuka ndi osema. Anaphunzitsa, kupatula Koran, mabuku, masamu, za mankhwala, umagwirira, mbiri, zilankhulo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi. Mu njira zambiri, kapangidwe wakale wa maphunziro ku maikowa anakhalabe lero.

The wamkulu madrasa dziko: Miri Arab

M'zaka za m'ma XVI, wapamwamba sukulu Muslim inamangidwa Miri Arab ku Bukhara. Popeza maziko ake ndi kuti wotsekera (mu 20 ntchentche za m'ma XX) mpaka pano a yapamwamba kwambiri ku Central Asia. nthaŵi ya nyengo Soviet Miri Arab anali mmodzi yekha mu USSR lonse. Mwa ophunzirawo - Mukhammedzhan Husain, Miyan Mali, Sheikh Kazy-Askar, pulezidenti wakale wa Chechnya Ahmad Kadyrov ndi ena. Madrasah umagwira ndipo panopa akuphunzitsa pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri kuposa ophunzira 100.

Madrasseh - gawo la Poi Kalyan ( "phazi Great"), pomanga amene analembedwa Sheikh Abdallah Yamani amadziwika pansi pa moniker Mir-Arab. Sheikh anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa Sultan wa Bukhara Khan Ubaidullah. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, ndi madrasah inamangidwa pa ndalama akudzutsa Khan zogulitsa a akapolo zikwi zitatu Persian (Ubaidullah Khan mobwerezabwereza n'kutsogolera anthu ake anapita kukathira nkhondo Khorasan).

Zyndzhyrly ndi Al-Karaouine

Zyndzhyrly madrasah (Bakhchisarai) - mmodzi wa wamkulu ku Eastern Europe - chikondwerero zaka 510 kuchokera pa chiyambi chake mu 2010. Izi apamwamba kusukulu Muslim inamangidwa 1500 ndi opareshoni mpaka 1917. Mu 2006, ntchito ya kubwezeretsedwa kwa madrasa ndi manda a Haji Giray linayambika ndi 2010, nyumba ya anazilemba mu dongosolo. Mu 2015, sukulu unasamutsidwira Administration Uzimu wa Asilamu a Crimea.

Pa chiyambi cha sukulu ya Al-Karaouine anali mkazi - kwa 859, iye anakhazikitsa madrasa ndi mzikiti pokumbukira atate wake, wolemera wamalonda Mohammed Al-Fihri. Ndi wamkulu bungwe maphunziro a Morocco ndi wamkulu kwambiri wa alipo. Iwo anaphunzira Leo Africanus, Maimonides, Ibn Khaldun. nyumbayi anamangidwanso kangapo - tsopano ndi holo pemphero malo ogona anthu oposa 20 000. Mu 1947, pakati maphunziro anakhala yunivesite m'lingaliro European mawu.

sukulu zamakono

Mu m'ma 1960, m'mayiko ambiri Chisilamu anadutsa kusintha maphunziro onse. Chifukwa, pali mitundu iwiri waukulu madrasas: wauzimu, amene aphunzitsidwa imams ndi boma, amene ankaimba udindo wa sukulu pakati kapena mkulu ndi "wamphamvu" nkhani (masamu, zinenero, sayansi ya kompyuta ndi khalidwe lina). Pali njira lachitatu - masukulu payekha.

Apamwamba Muslim sukulu choyamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri kulibe kuyamika zopereka ndiponso thandizo la othandizira. Ambiri a iwo kupereka ana awo, kuwonjezera maphunziro, free kogona (komanso chakudya ndi thandizo maphunziro zina).

Zaka zingapo zapitazo anaonekera Intaneti sukulu (mu Russia izi zinachitika mu 2013) - kumapeto kwa maphunziro zipereka umboni, ndipo ambiri, maphunziro awo zochokera ku mapulogalamu ntchito "wamphamvu" masukulu apamwamba Muslim.