Ben Bernanke ndi malingaliro ake pa chuma

Ben Shalom Bernanke anatenga monga wapampando wa bungwe la abwanamkubwa ndi Federal Reserve System 01.02.06 n'kubweretsa Alana Grinspena. Congress anaganiza choncho chifukwa Bernanke anadziwa bwanji ndalama mfundo zachititsa kuti Great Depression, ndi kukhulupirira mu kufufuma kutsata.

woyang'anira mavuto

Pofuna kupewa maganizo padziko lonse mu magawo oyambirira mavuto a banki wapanga angapo ofunikira nzeru ndi Kukhuta.

Bernanke anatsogolera US Federal Reserve, mwadzidzidzi idasanduka udindo watsopano kuchita Mwachitsanzo, opulumutsidwa Nyamuliranani Stearns ndi inshuwalansi yaikulu AIG, kuwapatsa $ biliyoni 150 chithandizo. Kusiya mantha lonse, Kukhuta linachokera ku mabungwe ndalama $ biliyoni 540.

Ben Bernanke (chithunzi anatengedwa kenako m'nkhani) amadziwikanso anakankhira kukuza ntchito mu msika lotseguka, pamene palokha kuchepetsa mitengo chidwi sizinali zokwanira kuthetsa vuto la 2008. Analondola lamulo imodzi kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja yaitali kuonjezera yochepa.

Ben Bernanke analowa pansi monga mutu wa January ndi Kukhuta wa 31, 2014 iye m'malo mwa wakale Wachiwiri mutu wa Federal Reserve Dzhenet Yellen, amene ali azimvetsa mfundo zake.

Zofunika kwa chuma US

Wapampando wa Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke anachititsa pa kayendetsedwe ka US mfundo ndalama. Kufunika kwa ntchito ya Reserve Federal chawonjezeka kwambiri pa khumi zapitazi, monga yaikulu dziko ngongole kusokoneza kasamalidwe mfundo zachuma. Monga kazembe wa Federal Reserve Bernanke anali mkulu zachuma katswiri wa dziko, ndipo mawu ake kwakhudza msika wogulitsa ndi dola. Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake monga wapampando wa Federal Reserve System anali wofunika kwambiri mu United States choncho mu chuma dziko.

Kumachita wapampando wa Reserve Federal

Ngakhale kuti tanthauzo ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo ndalama wakhala Komiti ya Federal pa maopareshoni otsegula msika, tcheyamani Kukhuta pachikhalidwe amatsogolera. Popeza anaikidwa kwa zaka zinayi, kuyembekezeredwa kuti zimadalira kwambiri kuposa mkulu wosankhidwa amene ali ndi udindo kwa omwe adzaponye chisanko cha. Ichi chizathandiza Kukhuta ntchito mu yaitali, osati motani mavuto yochepa ndale. Zida ndi Kukhuta, monga mlingo boma ndalama, zinthu pang'onopang'ono, kwa miyezi sikisi. Chuma US lili ngati sitima zazikulu akusowa malangizo pang'onopang'ono. mfundo Monetary "amasiya-pita" kumayambitsa njakata, m'modzi wa zimayambitsa waukulu wa stagflation cha 1970 ndi.

Crisis cha 2008 mumzinda wa

Ngati Bernanke ndi mwakuya kwambiri ntchito zipangizo zopezeka kwa iye. mpando Previous ankangomva la feduro ndalama mlingo - kulera kuti asiye kufufuma kapena adatchithisira kupewa mavuto. Mu nthawi kuchokera September 2007 ku December 2008 Bernanke kwambiri yafupika mlingo nthawi 10 5.25% 0%.

Koma sikunali kokwanira kuti abwezeretse liquidity a mabanki, mantha pambuyo kusakhulupirika kwa zanyumba subprime. ngongole awa akhala reorganized ndi kugulitsidwa ngati kubweza-amatidwa sheya choncho zovuta kuti palibe munthu amene sakanakhoza kuchilingalira amene anali ngongole zoyipa.

Chifukwa, magombe asiya tikukongoza yochepa, omwe kawirikawiri ntchito ngati njira kukakomana ndi Kukhuta ndi malo zofunika. Poyankha Bernanke kuti omasuka, awo adatchithisira chiwongola dzanja, ndipo potsiriza, iye wapereka ngongole mwa kuchotsera zenera.

Pamene sikunali kokwanira, mu December 2007, analenga TAF thumba imene Kukhuta linachokera mabanki mabiliyoni ambiri, kudzitengera ngongole ina zoipa. TAF amayenera kukhala muyeso wosakhalitsa mpaka mabungwe a zachuma kulemba ngongole zoipa, ndipo anayamba kukongoza kwa wina ndi mzake. Pamene izi sizinachitike, ndi TAF anali kupeza zazikulu, kufika pachimake cha $ 1 thililiyoni mu June 2008.

Chipulumutso cha chuma dziko

Bernanke anali kugwira ntchito ku mabanki chapakati padziko lonse kubwezeretsa liquidity, pamene misika ngongole chisanu. Iye kuchuluka overnights ndi yochepa mizere ngongole sinthanani apangidwa kukhala katundu wa ndalama US pamene ochita malonda ndi maiko ena kuti madola mabiliyoni 180. Izi zinali zofunikira chifukwa mabanki anayamba mantha kuwonjezera ndalama. Iwo akhagopa kukongoza kwa wina ndi mnzake chifukwa sanafune kukhala ndi anachokera ku zanyumba subprime.

Mu April 2008, Federal Reserve wapampando Ben Bernanke unachitikira woyamba zapadera gawo wake wa zaka 30 otsiriza zimatsimikizira Nyamuliranani Stearns ngongole kotero kuti JP Morgan anali kugula iwo. N'zotheka kupewa kusakhulupirika kuchuluka kwa madola zankhaninkhani, 10, amene wokwatibwa ndi Nyamuliranani Stearns, komanso mabanki akwanitsa kwa miyezi ingapo kuvutika ndi mpumulo. Pa II sq. Mu 2008 chuma unakula, ndipo ambiri ankaganiza kuti tsoka zinathandiza kuti apewe.

Koma mu September 2008, dziko lalikulu inshuwalansi kampani AIG analengeza bankirapuse zotheka. AIG Padziko Lonse inshuwaransi ngongole kubweza wa lipange madola. Ngati kampani analephera, zikanakhala wina ndi banki, thumba tchinga ndi thumba penshioni monga kalembera wa anali kubweza-amatidwa sheya. Bernanke anati AIG thandizo zinam'kwiyitsa kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse pa mavuto a. AIG anatenga ngozi pa mankhwala si malamulo, monga swaps ngongole kusakhulupirika, ntchito inshuwalansi ndalama anthu.

kutsutsa

opanga malamulo ambiri ndi chuma akhala akudzudzula a "ndege Ben," jekeseni mu chuma cha lipange ambiri a madola, chimene chingalowe zingakhale chifukwa kufufuma ndi kuwonjezeka mu ngongole. Ena wodzudzulidwa mu chakuti iye sanali kuoneratu ndi mavuto. Iye adawalamulira ndi kubisa nkhani mabanki kuti ndalandira kwa $ 2 thililiyoni ndi ngongole TAF. Kupeleka Ron Pol ndi ena acemeresa Kukhuta kafukufuku wosonyeza єtih maina finansovіh mabungwe. Ben Bernanke, ndi ndemanga imene malamulo ambiri sanali okweza, Akatolika osati kupeza kukonzanso tinapangana mu January 2010. Koma Obama anachita izo mosavuta.

Moyo akapuma

Atangochoka yosiya anadza buku kukumbukira za mavuto ndi zotsatira zake, wolemba amene anali Ben Bernanke. "Kulimba mtima kuchita" akulongosola nthawi ya ulamuliro wake pa mutu wa Kukhuta, ndipo mulinso ndi kuvomereza kuti iye salinso Republican chifukwa iye anali atatopa "kutengera za mamembala a chipani ichi kwa umbuli wa bwino kwambiri." Malinga ndi iye, lero ndi maganizo lochepa palokha kupitiriza m'tsogolo.

Komanso, iye ndiye amene analemba mabuku angapo pa chuma, kuphatikizapo:

• "Non-ndalama zotsatira za mavuto azachuma mu kafalitsidwe wa Great Depression"
• "Macroeconomics wa Great Depression"
• "Ochirikiza kutsata: Tikuphunzira za Experience Mayiko"
• buku "Macroeconomics" (Ben Bernanke, Endryu Abele).

Mu February 2014 anakhala aulemu zonse membala wa Brookings Institution. Limalangiza Hutchins Center pa anauza anthu za msonkho ndi monitarnoy mfundo ndi kulimbikitsa nchito zake.

Ben Bernanke: yonena

Bernanke anabadwa pa 13/12/53 mu Augusta (GA), ndipo ndinakulira Dillon (South Carolina). Bambo Ben anali pharmacist ndi amake - mphunzitsi.

Ndili ndi zaka 12, ankamukonda boma kalembedwe mpikisano chidziwitso. Iye anaphunzitsa mwini masiyanidwe ndi yofunika kakyulasi, kuyambira nkhani imeneyi panalibe kwa kusukulu. Ben komanso ankaimba altsaksofone.

Maphunziro mphamvu ya Economics pa University Harvard (1975) ndipo analandira Ph.D. wake pa MIT (1979).

Ben Bernanke ndi mkazi wake Anna anali okwatira May 29, 1978 Iwo anali ndi ana awiri.

Iye anayamba kuphunzitsa zachuma pa University Stanford, komwe anagwira ntchito 1979-1985, motero. Full pulofesa anakhala mu 1985, pamene anasamukira University Princeton, ndipo ankagwira ntchito yophunzitsa kuyendera pa University New York ndi MIT. Iye lofalitsidwa ambiri pa za nkhani zosiyanasiyana zachuma, Vol. H. Pa nkhani ya macroeconomics, ndondomeko ya ndalama Wamkulu Depression ndi mkombero malonda.

Iye analandira Guggenheim Chiyanjano ndi Sloan Foundation, ndipo mu 2001 anakhala mkonzi wa "American Economic Review". Chaka chotsatira anaikidwa membala wa Board ndi Kukhuta wa akazembe, ndi anadziwika kufufuza bwino ndi zokambirana pamene n'zosiyana mwa akazembe. Bernanke andale zinaonekeratu kumayambiriro 2005 pamene anaikidwa wapampando wa Pulezidenti Board pa nkhani zachuma.

Mu 2009, "Time" magazini anamutchula munthu pa Chaka.

nzeru

Ben Bernanke anali zochepa momasuka kuposa Greenspan, amene nthawi zonse anakamba nkhani zosagwirizana ndi mfundo ndalama, kuphatikizapo ndemanga pa kuchepekedwa bajeti ndi mabala msonkho. Iye analinso ndi othandiza yogwira kwambiri mandala Federal Reserve System, liwuli lidalembedwa chimasiyanitsa izo kwa "fedyaza" Greenspan, amene ankakonda misika osati overreacted ndemanga wake.

Amawatenga, amene amalola kuti kudziwa za nzeru munthu, kulimbikitsa ndi Ben Bernanke - mabuku ndi ndemanga zachuma.

kufufuma kutsata

Ben Bernanke, ndi Kukhuta anasintha nthawi Greenspan linayamba kukhazikitsa yeniyeni n'zosangalatsa kumva chandamale cha kufufuma. Ngakhale ambiri European mabanki, kuphatikizapo wa Bank of England ndi ku Bank chapakati ku Ulaya, anapereka mipherezero yeniyeni, United States sanatero, ndipo Greenspan sanali kutsatira za njira zimenezi.

Mu masiku oyambirira a Bernanke zazikulu ndi akatswiri stylistic kusiyana ndi Greenspan analimbikitsa msika. Zosamukira lamulo kutsata nkhawa akatswiri ena, monga Greenspan sanayambe anayesa kusunga ndalama olimba. manyazi Izi kunatha pamene Bernanke anasiya anafuulira kanjedza yeniyeni.

Kuyambira pamenepo iye anapitiriza malamulo a omasukirana wamkulu wa Kukhuta, makamaka kumapeto kwa 2007 kuchuluka pafupipafupi amaneneratu. The Reserve Federal nayamba kulalikira Zoneneratu itatu iriyonse kukula zachuma ndi mitengo, poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu theka-pachaka. Iwo anayamba kuphimba zaka zitatu, poyerekeza ndi zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike.

deflation

Phunziro Benom Bernanke Wamkulu Depression anam'phunzitsa chidwi moyo wonse mu zotsatira za deflation ndi imakhudzira miyoyo ya anthu. Anakhala ndi kudana amphamvu deflation ndi kutsindika kwambiri kupewa ake.

maganizo ake pankhani imeneyi ikukonzedwa pamene mu November 2002 anapereka mawu lotchedwa "Deflation:. Kodi kuonetsetsa sanamwe" Iye anatchula mfundo ya zachuma Milton Friedman za kuponya ndalama chuma kwa ndege ya. Kuwonjezeka liquidity msika ndi kuwonjezeka kupezeka kwa ndalama borrowers ndi mitengo m'munsi chidwi kwa pobwereka kukula amathandiza yotithandiza chuma ndi kuletsa kuthamanga deflationary. Komabe, pa nkhani ya msonkhano, anali posonyeza mndandanda wa zida Kukhuta kuti ali nazo ake, ngakhale m'mikhalidwe ya ziro mlingo.

kufufuma

Ngakhale kuthetsa kuthamanga deflationary ndi kuwonjezeka kotunga ndalama akhoza kukhala chifukwa bwino inflationary, sizitanthauza kuti Bernanke saganizira kufufuma. Iye amamuthandizanso kutsata pofuna amaudindo wotsika ndi khola kulimbikitsa kukula mosamala chuma.

Ben Bernanke (khadi pafupifupi): Ndemanga

Dzina la zachuma otchuka amene anabweretsa chuma padziko lonse ku mavutowo, sanalephere amapondereza fraudsters lapansi. "Total" chifukwa 444 rubles, analonjeza kupereka 2-59 zikwi. Rubles. malangizo ali limodzi ndi kanema lomwe limanena za Ben Bernanke. mapu pafupifupi, ndemanga za amene angapezeke pa Intaneti - dongosolo la withdrawals achinyengo kwa nzika m'chimbulimbuli. Ndipo kanthu zambiri.

Ben Bernanke - Economist - kuwadziwa bwino zotsatira za Great Depression, mmodzi wa lalikulu tsoka ndalama US, ndi kalembedwe wake unapangidwa ndi zaka za ntchito mu Federal Reserve System. udindo wake anapitiriza Inde anapereka kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, ndipo analandiridwa bwino ndi misika chuma, kuyambira kupitiriza kwa wapampando wa Kukhuta ndi chinsinsi bata awo.