Vika - chomera wa banja legume. Kufotokozera, makhalidwe, kulima

nyemba ambiri kalekale ndiwotani zomera m'deralo. Iwo samangokhala kupereka mbewu zokoma, koma amadziwika kuti akatidzadza nthaka ndi asafe mwa wapadera mabakiteriya nodule pa mizu. Komabe, dzina lawo botanical ndi pang'ono kudziwika. Iwo ali mtundu yambiri ya maluwa - Vic. Chomera (photos, kuyang'ana pa mbewu mu pepala) chikudziwika ngati vetch - vetch, nyemba - fava vetch. Komanso, pali nthumwi zina zambiri, ankagwiritsa ntchito monga chakudya ndi chakudya mbewu.

Ndodo Vic (nandolo)

The mtundu uli pafupifupi 140 mitundu ya zomera a ku America South, Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, mtola kukula floodplains, pa meadows madzi ndi m'mbali nkhalango, mu steppes lapansi. Chochuluka - perennials, kawirikawiri annuals. Mapulaniwo zambiri chidzenje mtundu, nthawi zina chilili. Masamba paripinnate. Maluwa umodzi khalidwe mtundu: calyx ali yochepa chubu ndi mano mbendera mdima zakuwala- kochepa anasonyeza msomali bwato yosamveka mapiko ndi mbale.

mafotokozedwe botanical: kufesa vetch

The zomera, ndi Kuwulura umene uli bwino, mwinamwake, ambiri. Limatchedwanso "vetch wamba". Izi pachaka kapena biennial chomera kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 80. The tsinde akhoza chilili kapena kukwera, faceted, kapena wamaliseche adatchithisira, kapena wopanda nthambi. Chitsanzo paripinnate masamba pa mapeto ndi masharubu, nandolo amene amakhulupirirabe thandizo. Maluwa pafupifupi sessile, yekhayekha kapena wophatikizidwa. Zipatso - nyemba, cylindrical kapena mawonekedwe pang'ono oblate cm 6 m'litali.

Koma sizikusokonezani mbewu ndi zofanana kwambiri, koma osiyana maganizo - mtola. Ichi ndi ambiri ndi odziwika oimira mtundu otchulidwa. Timapeza zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanasiyana kukoma ndi kukula kwa mbewu yakucha. Onsewo amaphatikizidwa m'magulu atatu: Shelling, shuga ndi ubongo nandolo.

Kufalitsa nandolo mbewu

Vika - chomera dzina Latin zikumveka ngati Vicia sativa. Iwo inafalitsidwa mu gawo European la Russia, Western Siberia, ndi Caucasus ndi Crimea phiri dera, pa Kamchatka Peninsula. Angapezeke ngati udzu m'minda, zina mwa msewu, m'malo zinyalala, m'mayiko zinyalala. Development ndi kukula kwa amathamanga zabwino mu "kuyanjana 'ndi zitsamba zina zimene zimagwiritsidwa zimayambira zokwawa ake. Natural maonekedwe mokwanira kukamaomba yozizira koopsa ndi ozizira kulolerana ndi -6 ° C. Vicat - madzi wachikondi zomera, makamaka mu mapangidwe masamba ndi maluwa, mwinamwake yovuta ndipo ali zinthu otsika zachilengedwe.

The ntchito ngati manyowa

Vetch - kwambiri manyowa obiriwira amadziwika kuti anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Njira yaikulu ntchito mu mtundu uwu - mbewu yeniyeni ndi kuyikidwa wotsatira m'nthaka wamkulu wobiriwira misa. Malinga ndi mlingo wa ntchito zofanana ndi feteleza pa poyerekeza manyowa, ubwino kumatenga zaka 4-5. Pafupifupi miyezi itatu vetch kufesa amasonkhana kuti makilogalamu zotsalira zazomera 30 pa 10 mamita ^2, imene pali mkulu asafe zili (160 g), potaziyamu (200 g) ndi phosphorous (75 g).

Fesani ndi chisamaliro

Common vetch (vetch) - mbewu zambiri undemanding, koma kulima ake ali ndi peculiarities. Nandolo akhoza vegetate m'kuunika ndi dothi lolemera, koma wakonda ndi pH ndale. Ngati dothi acidic, anaona chopinga mabakiteriya nodule pa mizu, ang'ono ndi bwino kukonza mumlengalenga asafe, kapena kwina palimodzi.

Seeding ikuchitika mizere, m'lifupi likhale pakati 15-20 masentimita pakati pa mbewu - 5 akuya masentimita kubzala zimadalira dongosolo nthaka: .. Kuti phapo - masentimita 7, mu lolemera - 5 cm zinthu youma analimbikitsa nthaka pambuyo kufesa pang'ono prikatat ngati ndi onyowa, m'pofunika kuchita zimenezi. Care manyowa obiriwira ndi losavuta kwambiri ndipo yake Kupalira ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake ndi crusts pambuyo mvula ndi ulimi wothirira. Vika - chomera yaitali masiku, madzi wachikondi, koma sangakhoze kulekerera waterlogging.

Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito trellises, kuteteza malo ogona kwa zimayambira pa ankafika limodzi. Nthawi zina zomera afesedwa chimanga, mpendadzuwa, mu nkhani iyi, otsiriza ndi mbali thandizo.

kufesa nthawi

Bzalani nandolo mu njira ziwiri.

masika oyambirira monga kalambulabwalo zikhalidwe ina, mwachitsanzo kabichi. Pambuyo kuwonjezeka misa wobiriwira pamaso pa isanayambike maluwa kukumba mu nthaka.

Oyambirira yophukira kapena chilimwe, pambuyo kukula ndi kukolola mbewu oyambirira. Pankhaniyi chomera ayenera kuikidwa m'manda mu nthaka pamaso chisanu.

Muyenera kuyenda kwa zinthu nyengo ya m'derali.

Ntchito ngati ma feed

Kufesa vetch - chomera ndi katundu wofunika satanthauza ntchito ngati manyowa wobiriwira. Mu kapangidwe kake nkhani zouma zikuphatikizapo 20% masamba mapuloteni, pang'ono CHIKWANGWANI ndi CHIKWANGWANI zakudya. Masamba atsopano muli lysine, beta-carotene, ndi mafuta pang'ono ndi madzi. makhalidwe onsewa kupanga n'zotheka ntchito mbewu monga chakudya wapatali nyama. Iwo ntchito misa wobiriwira, udzu, silage, udzu chakudya, silage, dzinthu ndi ufa monga chimanga. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, nandolo amalimidwa, kawirikawiri ndi Mapila kapena balere, nthawizina tirigu silage anawonjezera kuti mpendadzuwa, chimanga, rye.

Komanso, Vick - chomera (chithunzi anapereka m'nkhani), umene uli kwambiri uchi chomera. Zimenezi zimapangitsa izo chofunika kwambiri kuti apiculture. Zambiri maluwa kumatenga miyezi za chiyambi pakati pa June. Medoproduktivnost mlingo wokwera mu vetch shaggy (yozizira) - makilogalamu 140-200 kuchokera mahekitala wa kubzala, kufesa ali laling'ono kwambiri - 20 makilogalamu / ha, mu nyemba pang'ono - 20-40 makilogalamu / ha. Zimenezi zimathandiza ntchito zomera kuti kukopa njuchi kuti malo anu. Choncho, vetch, zina zabwino makhalidwe kukongoletsa, zikhoza zibzalidwe m'munda kapena m'munda. Iwo kukopa tizilombo mungu ndi tizirombo, Mosiyana, adzakhala kuwopsyeza. Zomera kwambiri mnansi zikhalidwe wachikondi asafe: tomato, tsabola wokoma, letesi, mabilinganya, kaloti. Izo zimapita bwino ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba.