Likuyandikira Formational ndi civilizational kwa mbiri ya anthu

Kwa nthawi yaitali mu mabuku zoweta ndi sayansi, pali njira imodzi yokha amaganizira komanso kuphunzira zapitazi anthu. Malinga ndi iye, chitukuko lonse la anthu ndi nkhani kusintha nyumba zachuma. Chiphunzitsochi atapereka bwino ndi m'Malemba Karl Marks. Koma lero ndi zambiri nkhani imatengedwa kwa maganizo a osiyanasiyana onse a zinthu kaphatikizidwe pamodzi ikuyandikira formational ndi civilizational kuti mbiri chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha mtundu wa anthu.

Chodabwitsa, pali mafotokozedwe ambiri, koma zofunika kwambiri anena kuti chiphunzitso Marx ndi mmodzi ndiye amaganiza ndi Kodi kuganizira zifukwa zambiri ndi deta mbiri, amene sakhoza n'komwe mu kuphunzira chotero chodabwitsa Mipikisano faceted, monga anthu.

Formational ndi njira civilizational zochokera mu kutsatira kwawo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. formational - zochokera vuto la zachuma ndi lamanja la umwini;
2. chitukuko - amaganizira mbali zonse za moyo, kuyambira achipembedzo, kutsiriza ndi ubale "munthu -. mphamvu"

Dziwani kuti ngati lingaliro logwirizana la njira civilizational sunayambe. Aliyense kafukufuku komanso amaganizira zinthu kamodzi kapena kawiri kokha. Choncho, Toynbee chimasiyanitsa sikisitini mitundu ya anthu, potengera chitukuko cha anthu a m'gawo limodzi penipeni pa nsonga ndi pansi. Mosiyana iye Uolt Rostou limatchula okha 5 akuluakulu, maziko kutsimikizira kuti aikidwa pa chiŵerengero cha "kuchuluka - mowa", wapamwamba umene ndi boma la mowa misa.

Monga Tingaone chiphunzitso otsiriza, njira formational ndi civilizational nthawi zambiri zimalowana ndi mzake, omwe si zachilendo. Zimenezi chifukwa chakuti onse yodziwika ndi mbiri ya anthu ndi mfundo imodzi yokha ya view. Choncho, njira onse formational ndi civilizational kuphunzira anthu angathe kuwulula zikamera ake ndi chitukuko pa magawo onse, chokhazikika pa njira imodzi.

Choncho, mabuku ambiri awa ndi chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe Marx ndi Toynbee a chiphunzitso cha chitukuko. Ambiri ofufuza zaposachedwapa zambiri komanso amakonda mukuganiza kuti pamene inu kuphatikiza magawo chifungulo cha mfundo zimenezi, formational ndi civilizational njira akhoza kulungamitsa kwathunthu chifukwa chitukuko cha sayansi, chuma, chikhalidwe ndi mitundu ina ya moyo onse anapita njira imene Iwo agona kupyolera mu masamba a mbiriyakale.

Pamwamba ndi chifukwa chakuti chiphunzitso Marx la magawo 5 (formations) a anthu zochokera makamaka mtundu wa zachuma ndi chitukuko zipangizo. Chiphunzitso cha Toynbee bwino likugwirizana izo, kuwulula chikhalidwe, chipembedzo, chikhalidwe, za sayansi ndi zina. Dziwani kuti mu magawo oyambirira Toynbee kuganizira yeniyeni mbali achipembedzo, ndipo izi wabwino ndi kutsutsa. Patapita nthawi, zinthu zasintha lero ikuyandikira formational ndi civilizational kuphunzira anthu agawanika salembedwa yekha.

Tikumbukenso kuti njira izi za kumvetsa mbiri kulibe monga zolakwika ndi makhalidwe abwino. Choncho, chiphunzitso cha formations ali ndi kuphunzira zambiri za mbali zonse za magawo asanu a mbiri chuma mudzi. The sangathe ndi wozindikira amaganiza za njira akuwuka mu limati (kutanthauza maphunziro awo chiphunzitso Marx a), amene anasonyeza chakuti nkhani yophunzira inazindikiridwa kokha dziko European. Experience Asilavo limati, Arab, American ndi African dziko si n'komwe. Ngati chinthu chimodzi potengera chiweruzo chake ndi "tate" ndi chiphunzitso cha chitukuko Toynbee.

likuyandikira Formational ndi civilizational mbiri ya chitukuko anthu pa nthawi zotsutsana ndi zimene limeneli linachokera cholakwika. njira zimenezi kuti njira za kafukufuku kwenikweni kuwongolera anthu sikulola mwapafupi kwambiri kufufuza njira zonse zakuya zikuchitika mmadera. Ndipo kotero pofuna kupewa mapangidwe mawanga woyera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito njira formational ndi civilizational imodzi.