Herpetology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira zokwawa ndipo achule

Science kuti adaphunzira chinyama amatchedwa zinyama. Ndi gawo osiyana mu zamoyo. Gawo la zinyama polimbana ndi zokwawa amatchedwa herpetology.

Herpetology ndi batrahologiya

Aristotle monga pachiyambi herpetologist ya abuluzi, achule, akamba, njoka mu sayansi osiyana - Herpetology. Achule ndi zokwawa, iye analumikizana ndi otchedwa "zokwawa." M'kupita kwa nthawi, lingaliro la "nsikidzi" kulongosolerana: zokwawa komanso achule anagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Kuphunzira achule anayamba kuchita sayansi batrahologiya.

Komabe, asayansi amene amaphunzira zokwawa komanso achule komanso ndi chidwi, ndi mosemphanitsa. Choncho batrahologiya monga sayansi osiyana sanatenge, ndipo makamaka kuoneka ngati kagawo wa herpetology. Kuti ndi sayansi kuti amaphunzira zokwawa komanso achule amatchedwa herpetology.

amphibia

Achule - amphibious inakhala kuti bwinobwino kuthetsa ntchito madzi mu miyoyo yawo. Iwo akhoza zapamtunda ndi madzi, kotero luso lawo mpweya ndi makhalidwe awo: mpweya n'zotheka mothandizidwa ndi makutu, mapapo, khungu ndi nembanemba mucous wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Achule kubereka yekha mu madzi.

Achule anaonekera kwa nthawi yaitali, maganizo onse, iwo silinathe; M'malo mwake, anali wokhoza kuti azolowere zinthu latsopano.

mbali zapadera achule amene anawathandiza kuti azolowere zikuchitika:

• ang'onoang'ono kukula;
• madama chakudya, kotero kuti n'zosavuta kupeza chakudya, ndipo zimawathandiza kupewa njala;
• kwambiri chonde (pakuchita chotero iwo kuteteza mtundu wawo kuwonongedwa);
• mtundu, amene amachita monga yodzibisa ndi, salola mdani kudziwa achule;
• ndi kawopsedwe wa mitundu ina - kudziteteza kwa adani.

zokwawa

Mawu "chokwawa" mu Latin amatanthauza "kukwawa", "mwamantha." Onse a zokwawa: maonekedwe awo, moyo, kubalana kuganizira sayansi kuti amaphunzira zokwawa - herpetology.

Chiwerengero chachikulu ndi zosiyanasiyana oimira mtundu kwachitika ndi Mesozoic Nyengo (zaka miliyoni 230 BC - .. zaka miliyoni 67 BC ..). zokwawa wakale zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: okhala pa dziko, madzi ndi kuuluka ngati mbalame.

Masiku ano pali mitundu inayi zapoizoni:

• ng'ona;
• klyuvogolovye;
• wazikang'a;
• kamba.

The sayansi kuti amaphunzira njoka ndi zokwawa zina, amanena kuti inakhala apamwamba, ndi mbalame ndi nyama.

Herpetology monga chigawo Chowona Zanyama

Chaka chilichonse m'nyumba pali nyama zambiri zosowa. Nyama zimene zimakhala mu terrariums, amafuna kusamalidwa ndi mankhwala, zachilendo ziweto zina.

Penyani nyama zoterezi katswiri amene amamvetsetsa peculiarities wa moyo wa zinyama, akudziwa zabwino m'munda wa mankhwala opaleshoni akhoza kukhala matenda Mkhalidwe wa matenda zotheka. Choncho, vetenale akhale herpetologist. Choncho, kodi ndi sayansi kuti amaphunzira zokwawa, pali dzina la dokotala vetenale - herpetologist.

Ndi kuchitira zokwawa kapena achule, dokotala ayenera kudziwa zonse za makhalidwe awo: iwo zinthu inayake, zimene mbali kulibe panyengo zosiyanasiyana za moyo wawo.

Terraria

Pang'onopang'ono mu miyoyo ya anthu monga mafashoni kwa zili m'nyumba zosowa nyama zokwawa kapena achule. Komabe, wofuna nyama - si zosangalatsa wotchipa. Ndalama Pakufunika onse kupeza nyama anakhumba ndi makonzedwe ake m'nyumba.

Koposa nyumba terrariums kuyesera kulenga kukhala pafupi ndi ngodya ya chilengedwe, ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe wa ulemerero wa terrarium lapansi. Mwaukadaulo landscaped terrarium monga azisangalala, ndiponso zosowa lolingana mkati nyama, kukongoletsa nyumba ndi kupereka mwayi kusunga ziweto zawo zosowa ndi zosangalatsa.

Pomaliza

Choncho, sayansi kuti amaphunzira zokwawa amatchedwa herpetology. sayansi Izi zikuphatikizapo batrahologiyu - kuphunzira achule.

Achule m'gulu la kalasi kakang'ono pakati inakhala, zokwawa - kawiri. Komabe, anthu a makalasi ameneŵa wapadera ndi chidwi kuphunzira ndi kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe. Zokwawa komanso achule - mwankhanzaku. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo pali kusiyana:

• thupi amphibian ali ndi khungu lonyowa, thupi nyama ali ndi mamba, zishango kapena mbale;
• chiombankhanga amphibian ayi, zokwawa - pali;
• mazira amphibian alibe olimbika ❖ kuyanika chili mwa zokwawa wandiweyani chipolopolo wosautsa;
• akhanda achule ndi gawo mphutsi, zokwawa - osati;
• achule kuikira mazira mu madzi, zokwawa - pa dziko;
• achule: salamanders, achule, achule;
• zokwawa - ng'ona, akamba, klyuvogolovye, Amphisbaena, njoka.

Modern herpetology monga sayansi kuti amaphunzira zokwawa, akupitiriza kufufuza ntchito yofunika, ayang'anire chitukuko cha zokwawa komanso achule. M'zaka zaposachedwapa ndi ayamba wotchuka ntchito vetenale-herpetologist.