Tikufika pa nyenyezi. Kodi asayansi anapanga ankafika kafukufuku padziko nyenyezi?

Ndi zizindikiro zonse, talowa nyengo za kutulukira zinthu zatsopano. Ambiri a chaka chatha ndi bated mpweya kuonera ntchito "Rosetta". Tikufika pa nyenyezi, woyamba mu mbiri anali ntchito yovuta, komanso pulogalamuyi wonse. Komabe, mavuto amenewa nyaliyi kufunika kwa chochitika ndi deta kuti kale yotengedwa ndi akadali akukamba danga kafukufuku. Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani anafunika ankafika pa nyenyezi ndi zimene zotsatira akhala zopezera astrophysics? Tikambirana pansipa.

Chinsinsi chachikulu

Tiyeni tiyambe kutali. Limodzi mwa mavuto waukulu anakumana ndi dziko lonse sayansi - kumvetsetsa zimene zinathandiza kuti zikamera wa moyo padziko lapansi. Kuyambira masiku a masiku amakedzana pa nkhani imeneyi anafotokoza zambiri malingaliro. Mmodzi wa chiphunzitso masiku limanena kuti si udindo lomaliza ankaimba ndi nyenyezi, mu chiwerengero cha mathithi pa dziko pa mapangidwe ake. Akukhulupirira kuti ukhale ogulitsa madzi ndi tizidutswa organic.

umboni wa pachiyambi

kungoganizira amenewa palokha cholakwika chidwi chachikulu cha asayansi, kwa zakuthambo kuti zamoyo, kuti comets. Komabe, pali ochepa chidwi mphindi. Tailed danga zinthu anagwira kudzera mipata yokwanira mudziwe zambiri zokhudza zimene zinachitika kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa mapangidwe dongosolo la zowalitsa. Zinali ndiye kuti comets kwambiri anapanga. Choncho, ankafika pa nyenyezi limachititsa kuti kwenikweni tione nkhani imene chilengedwe chonse chinapangidwa, kagawo wathu wa zaka zoposa biliyoni zinayi zapitazo (ndi makina nthawi Sikuti).

Komanso, kuphunzira za kayendedwe ka nyenyezi, ndi kapangidwe kake ndi khalidwe pa malowedwe athu kwa Sun amapereka yaikulu kuchuluka kwa mfundo za zinthu izi malo limakupatsani fufuzani zambiri za mfundo ndi malingaliro sayansi.

mbiri nkhani

Mwachibadwa, tailed "apaulendo" afufuza mothandizidwa ndi makina. zisanu ndi ziwiri zimauluka ndi comets anali odzipereka, amene zithunzi anatengedwa, kupita ku zinthu zina. Izi zinali ndendende chimakwirira malinga nyenyezi thandizo - nkhani zovuta. Mu Anthuwa 80 monga awa anali US-European ayisi ndi Soviet "Vega". Otsiriza a misonkhano imeneyi chinachitika mu 2011. Ndiye deta pa danga chinthu caudate anasonkhana Stardust zida.

kafukufuku Previous wapereka asayansi zambirimbiri, koma ambiri a nkhani zimene sikunali kokwanira pamwamba pa kumvetsetsa limatchula za comets ndi ayankhe. Pang'onopang'ono, asayansi kuzindikira kufunika kusuntha mokwanira molimba - danga ntchito ku bungwe nyenyezi kenako ankafika kwa kafukufuku pamwamba pake.

Wapadera ntchito

Pofuna kupeza amaona mmene ankafika pa nyenyezi si opareshoni zosavuta, m'pofunika kumvetsa kuti zonsezi ndi thupi dziko. Iwo hurtles kudzera malo pa mkulu liwiro, nthawizina kufika makilomita mazana angapo pa mphindi. Choncho nyenyezi mchira, popangidwa ndi thupi akuyandikira dzuwa ndi wokongola kwambiri kuyang'ana pa dziko lapansi ndi osakaniza a mpweya ndi fumbi. Zonsezi complicates kwambiri osati dziko komanso kayendedwe ka njira yomweyi. M'pofunika mwakufuna galimoto liwiro ndi liwiro chinthu ndi kusankha yoyenera kuyandikira: The kwambiri Dzuwa, nyenyezi, ndi umuna mphamvu kuchokera pamwamba. Ndiyeno yekha ankafika pa nyenyezi idzachitika, amene adzakhala zosavuta, ndi milingo otsika yokoka.

chinthu Kusankha

mavuto onsewa kupanga kofunika mokwanira kufika kwa kusankha zolinga ntchito. Tikufika pa nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko - osati njira yoyamba. Poyamba izo ankaganiza kuti kafukufuku "Rosetta" adzatumizidwa ku nyenyezi Wirtanen. Komabe, madongosolo zinasokoneza mlandu: atatsala pang'ono kuyembekezera uthenga injini kulephera chonyamulira roketi "Ariane 5". Kuti iye anayenera kubweretsa "Rosetta" m'malere. Chifukwa, Launch anali kulephereka ndipo kunali koyenera kuti kusankha chinthu chatsopano. Iwo ndi kukhala nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, kapena 67P.

Izi chinthu danga anapeza mu 1969 ndipo dzina lake polemekeza anapeza. Zimatanthauza chiwerengero cha yochepa nthawi comets, ndi kuvumbitsira zisinthe munthu padziko Sun pafupifupi 6,6 zaka. Palibe makamaka 67P chidwi ndi osiyana, koma ali bwino kuphunzira ndege njira, osati kupitirira kanjira wa Jupiter. Iwo anakwera naye ndi "Rosetta" March 2, 2004.

"Kudzaza" wa spacecraft ndi

Kafukufuku "Rosette" anawuziridwa mu danga wambirimbiri zida anafuna zotsatira kafukufuku ndi kukonza iwo. Pakati pawo ndi kamera kuti angathe kugwila cheza mu gawo ultraviolet a sipekitiramu, ndi zida zofunikira phunziro dongosolo nyenyezi ndi kusanthula nthaka, ndi zida kuphunzira m'mlengalenga. Chabe "Rosetta" cholowa zaka 11 zida sayansi.

Payokha, mufunika kuleka pa mbadwa gawo "Fila" - kuti iye ankayenera kuti agwire ankafika pa nyenyezi. Mbali ya chamagetsi anaikidwa mwachindunji pa izo, chifukwa kunali kofunika kuphunzira danga chinthu mwachindunji pambuyo ankafika. Komanso, "Phylen" okonzeka ndi harpoons atatu fixation odalirika padziko pambuyo pambuyo "Rosette". Tikufika pa nyenyezi, monga tanenera kale, kuti amagwirizana ndi mavuto ena. Yokoka ndiye ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti sitili pa zina chikukonzekera gawo pa chiopsezo chotenga anataya malo.

yaitali Way

Tikufika pa nyenyezi za 2014 anali yoyamba zaka khumi ntchito "Rosetta" kafukufuku. Pa nthawi iyi, iye kunapezeka kuti kasanu mpaka ku Earth, zouluka pafupi Mars, anakumana asteroids awiri. zithunzi zokongola anatengedwa kafukufuku pa nthawi ino, kamodzinso kukumbutsidwa kukongola kwa chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.

Komabe, kungakhale funso zomveka: chifukwa "Rosetta" motalika kukuzungulira dongosolo dzuwa? Zikuonekeratu kuti zithunzi ndi deta zina anasonkhana pa ndege, sanali cholinga chake, koma anali osangalatsa ndi chidwi bonasi kwa ofufuza. Cholinga cha mchitidwe uwu - kuyandikira nyenyezi kumbuyo ndi kuchulutsa liwiro la. zaka khumi zotsatira za ndege ija idayenera kukhala munthu wasinthika zenizeni za "Rosetta" mu nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko Kanema.

mgwirizano

Tsopano, mu April 2015, tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti ndegeyo kafukufuku pa nyenyezi wonse wopambana. Komabe, mu August chaka chatha, pamene makina ndi anamasulidwa ku kanjira ya kumwamba thupi, zinali ndi nkhani ya m'tsogolo yapafupi.

Kafukufuku anafika pa nyenyezi ya November 12, 2014. Kubzala anatsatira pafupifupi dziko lonse. Undocking "Fila" wopambana. mavuto anayamba nthawi ya ikamatera: harpoons sizinayende ndi makina sangathe kupeza kufalikira padziko. "Fila" kawiri bounced pa nyenyezi, ndi kokha kachitatu akhoza kupita pansi, ndipo anaponyedwa ku malo anafuna ankafika za munthu kilometre.

Chifukwa, gawo la "Fila" anaonekera m'dera limene pafupifupi mkatikati dzuŵa, zofunika kubwezeretsanso batire mphamvu. Pankhaniyi ankafika pa nyenyezi sadzatero bwino kwathunthu, makina anali okonzeka ndi batire mlandu, masamu pa maola 64. Iye anagwirira zosakwana 57 maola, koma pa nthawi imeneyo, "Fila" anakwanitsa kuchita pafupifupi chilichonse, zimene analenga.

zotsatira

Tikufika pa nyenyezi za Churyumov-Gerasimenko walola asayansi kupeza deta yaikulu pa thupi ili dziko. Ambiri a iwo sizinachitike kukonzedwa kapena kuti amafuna kusanthula koma zotsatira yoyamba kale kugulu.

The anafufuza thupi akunja mawonekedwe ofanana ndi bakha mphira (ankafika pa nyenyezi mu ankaganiza m'dera "mutu"): awiri ofanana kukula mbali anamaliza ogwirizana ndi Korinto yopapatiza. Limodzi mwa mavuto amene amakumana nawo ndi astrophysicists wa, - kumvetsa chifukwa chotero silhouette zachilendo. Today patsogolo malingaliro ziwiri: mwina chifukwa cha kugunda pakati pa matupi awiri, kapena mapangidwe kamtunda kopita ku chilumba zinachititsa njira kukokoloka. Pa nthawi, yankho lenileni sanalandire. Kafukufuku, "Fila" anali kokhaku kuti mlingo yokoka pa nyenyezi sali yemweyo. Chithunzi apamwamba ndinawona mu kumtunda kwa ngale, ndi laling'ono -. Basi mu "khosi"

Relief dongosolo mkati ndi

Gawo "Fila" pa nyenyezi mapangidwe osiyana pamwamba maonekedwe chokhala mapiri ndi milu ya mchenga. Mu kapangidwe kake, ambiri a iwo ndi osakaniza ayezi ndi fumbi. Hills mpaka mamita 3, wotchedwa kukwawa pa 67P ndi zachilendo. Asayansi amati zinapangidwa ku magawo oyambirira mapangidwe a dongosolo dzuwa imachititsa pamwamba ndi zina zakuthambo.

Popeza kafukufuku pa nyenyezi siyidagwa njira yabwino, asayansi akhagopa kuyamba anakonza pobowola pamwamba. Komabe, komabe anatenga malo. Kunapezeka kuti pansi wosanjikiza pamwamba ndi osiyana, kwambiri wandiweyani. Ambiri mwina, chopangidwa ndi ayezi. Mokomera kopanda ndi kugwedera izi kusanthula atathana wagawo pamene tidakocheza. Komabe spectrographs zithunzi kusonyeza wosiyana chiŵerengero cha mankhwala organic ndi matalala: Choyamba bwino. Zilibe agwirizane ndi mfundo asayansi ndi chitaya chikaiko pa Baibulo chiyambi nyenyezi. Iwo anali amaganiza kuti unakhazikitsidwa mu dongosolo la zowalitsa, pafupi ndi Jupiter. Kuphunzira zithunzi Komabe, refutes amanena: zikuoneka, 67P kupangidwa mu Kuiper lamba, inali kupitirira kanjira wa Neptune.

ntchito akupitiriza

Spacecraft "Rosetta" kutsatira kwambiri zochita za gawo: "Fila" mpaka tulo take, iye sanangokhala ndi nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko mpaka tsopano. Iye anapitiriza penyani chinthu, ndi kutumiza deta ku Earth. Choncho, chiwerengero cha udindo wake monga fixation fumbi ndi umuna gasi, amene kumawonjezera monga njira ya nyenyezi ndi dzuwa.

Poyamba, izo wapezeka kuti gweronso lalikulu la mpweya awa ndi otchedwa nyenyezi khosi. Chifukwa angakhale otsika yokoka malowa ndi zotsatira za kudzikundikira dzuwa mphamvu akuwuka apa anasonyeza ku zigawo pafupi. Mu March chaka chino, "Rosetta" ndipo analemba umuna fumbi ndi gasi, chidwi chakuti zinachitika pa mbali yoipa (monga ulamuliro, ndi zochitika zimenezi ndizo zotsatira za magetsi pamwamba, ie, kumbali dzuwa la nyenyezi la). njira zonse izi ndi zinthu 67P mpaka kuzifotokoza, pamene deta akupitiriza.

The yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu inatera pamwamba pa nyenyezi Kodi zotsatira za ntchito ya ambiri asayansi, amaphunzitsidwa, akatswiri ndi okonza pafupifupi zaka makumi anai. Lero, ntchito ya "Rosetta" chimatengedwa ngati chimodzi cha zochitika zambiri zosaiwalika zaka danga. Mwamsanga astrophysicists sakufuna kuthetsa zimenezi. Pakati pa mapulani ndi mtima wofuna m'tsogolo monga chilengedwe cha mbadwa gawo kuti adzatha kusuntha padziko comets, ndi spacecraft kuti akhoza pafupi ndi chinthu, kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo nthaka ndi kubwerera iwo Padziko Lapansi. Ambiri, ntchito bwino "Rosetta" limalimbikitsa asayansi ankachita pulogalamu pa chitukuko cha zinsinsi za chilengedwe.