Wolemba A. S. Dargomyzhsky: yonena, kulenga cholowa

Dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky, kanthawi yonena amene timalandira m'nkhani - lalikulu Russian Wolemba, amene anapanga zinthu zambiri zatsopano nyimbo Russian zachikhalidwe. Zaka za moyo wake - 1813-1869. February 14, 1813 anabadwa Dargomyzhsky. yonena lake chimayamba ndi. Utatu chigawo (Dargomyzhe) Tula, pamene iye anabadwa. bambo wake ankagwira ntchito ngati wapolisi, monga mayi Alexander anali ndakatulo amakonda.

Pamene anakhala wake ana aang'ono Dargomyzhskii

Wambiri, chidule cha ntchito, zosangalatsa za wolemba - zonse chidwi ndi admirers zambiri za ntchito yake. Tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi ndi kukuuzani inu za ana aang'ono a wolemba m'tsogolo.

Alexander anamutengera ku chuma cha makolo awo, yomwe inali mu chigawo cha Smolensk. Patapita nthawi, makolo ake anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Panali kunyumba ophunzira Alexander Dargomyzhsky. yonena wake ikusonyezedwa ichi maphunziro nthawi nyimbo, zisudzo ndi mabuku. Aphunzitsi anali Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo AT Danilevsky (limba), PG Vorontsov (dziko zeze), F. Shobernehler (Viennese Wolemba ndi limba), BL Tseybih (woimba).

Komanso, Dargomyzhskii anakumana ndi M. I. Glinkoy (chithunzi cha zapatsidwa pamwambazi), amene anamupatsa Zolembedwa ongolankhula anabweretsa kuchokera Professor Dan ku Berlin. Iwo anathandiza kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha Alexander mu counterpoint ndi mogwirizana. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuphunzira orchestration Dargomyzhsky. yonena wake akupitiriza chilengedwe cha ntchito zoyamba palokha.

Ntchito poyamba, ophunzirawo Dargomizhskiy

Zidutswa limba woyamba ndi nyimbo zinasindikizidwa mu 1830s ndi. Chofunika luso ndi nyimbo analengedwa pa mawu Pushkin kuti: "Night Zephyr", "Vertograd", "Mnyamata ndi namwali," "Ine ndakonda inu", etc. Ndipo mu zaka zotsatira ntchito mawu nyimbo imodzi yaikulu kulenga zinthu Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo kuti. mokondwera maphunziro kuimba kwaulere. A chiwerengero chachikulu cha ophunzira ake. Pakati pawo ndi Ln Madame Byelenitsin (Karmalina) Bibibina, Shilovskaya, magiya, Barteneva, Purgolt (Molas), Mfumukazi Manvelova. Dargomizhskiy nthawi ouziridwa sanakonde akazi, makamaka - oimba. Pa otsiriza, iye theka mwanthabwala ananena kuti, popanda iwo, sangakhale ofunika kukhala wopeka nyimbo.

Opera "Esmeralda"

Opera "Esmeralda" (zaka za chilengedwe - 1837-41) imatengedwa woyamba ntchito yaikulu ya Alexander. Libretto ake m'mbuyomu anakhazikitsa yekha wotchuka Victor Hugo buku "Notre Dame de A Paris". ntchito imeneyi, ngakhale chosakhwima (lidalembedwa ndi mtundu wa French za zisudzo) limasonyeza zolinga moyenera Dargomyzhsky. "Esmeralda" sanali lofalitsidwa. Mu St. Petersburg, ku laibulale ya Theaters Imperial, masitolo klaviraustsug, mphambu pamanja ndi autograph Dargomyzhsky. Patapita zaka zingapo, ntchito imeneyi anaperekedwa. Mu St. Petersburg kuyamba chinachitika mu 1851, ndipo mu Moscow - mu 1847.

romances Dargomizhskiy

kuimba nyimbo za opera sanakhutire dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. yonena wake ikusonyezedwa popotoloka ntchito. "Esmeralda", zikuoneka anakhumudwa wopeka nyimbo. Adayambanso kulemba nyimbo Dargomyzhsky, amene yonena zinali zodzaza ndi akuwalembera kale. Pamodzi ndi ntchito oyambirira a watsopano (okwana 30 nyimbo) zinasindikizidwa mu 1844. Iwo anabweretsa kutchuka Dargomyzhsky. The romances bwino za 1840s ndi ankaona kuti ntchito analengedwa pa ndakatulo Pushkin kuti: "Night Zephyr", "Misozi", "Ukwati", "Ine ndimakukonda." Mu 1843, pa ndime ya ndakatulo chomwecho analengedwa Dargomizhskiy cantata "chipambane Bakasi". Ntchito imeneyi inali kuperekedwa mu 1846 ku St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre kasamalidwe zoimbaimba. Komabe, wolemba unakanizidwa yopanga "kupambana kwa Bakasi" mu mawonekedwe a opera analengedwa mu 1848. Patapita Only kwambiri, kokha mu 1867, inali kuperekedwa mu Moscow ntchito imene analenga Wolemba Dargomyzhsky. Bio chikudziwikabe mu nthawi kutsatira zilandiridwenso.

Travel akavalidwe latsopano ntchito Wolemba a

mumaganiza Chatsopano mu ntchito ya Dargomyzhsky anaonekera mu theka lachiwiri la 1840 - oyambirira m'ma 1850. Iwo akhala akusonkhana ndi zikamera ndi kuyanga dziko lathu mu otchedwa sukulu achilengedwe (yovuta Kuzindikira), luso ndiponso mabuku. Alexander Sergeyevich anayamba kukopa nkhani makamaka wowerengeka. Komanso, amaganizira folklore wakhala kwambiri. Dargomyzhskii chinkhoswe mu processing wa wamba nyimbo. Tinganene kuti kuwonongeka ndi maganizo dziko pa nthawi imeneyi chifukwa chakuti wolemba anali kunja nthawi kuchokera 1844 mpaka 1845 anapita ku Germany, Vienna, Brussels ndi Paris. Dargomyzhskii anapita kumeneko chabe zimakupiza wa French, nabwera ku St. Petersburg kutsatira za Russian, monga momwe zilili ndi Glinka.

Inali pa nthawi iyi kuti kutsirizitsa za "intonation Kuzindikira" - wolemba za kulenga njira (kusewera intonations wa kulankhula ndi njira yaikulu imene kulenga chithunzi). Wolemba anati iye anachita kuwonetsetsa kuti phokoso ndi m'mawu. Mu nyimbo "Miller" anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mfundo amene ankati Alexander Dargomyzhsky. Mwachidule yonena za lake amalembedwa kukhazikitsa yogwira za "intonation cha Kuzindikira." Kuchokera "Miller" nyimbo pa ndakatulo ndi Pushkin thonje Tambasula kwa "Stone Mlendo" - zikuluzikulu, kumene mfundo za ma nyimbo anali akuyendera. "Omuzykalennaya kulankhula" amapezeka mu nyimbo "Inu posachedwapa kuiwala ine," ndipo "Ndipo kutopa chisoni."

The sewero la "Rusalka"

The sewero la "Rusalka", olengedwa mwa 1855 ndi sewero AS Pushkina, ndi chipatso chapakati nyengo. Alilidi anafotokoza momvetsa chisoni za m'mphawi mtsikana amene anyenga kalonga. Dargomyzhsky ntchito imeneyi analenga mtundu wanyimbo kuti wakweza nkhani ya lochitira chikhalidwe (wowerengeka nyimbo sewero banja). May 4, 1856 anali koyamba kuti "Mermaid" mu St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater. Iwo anali ankachitika ndi zokongoletsa akale, kunyalanyaza ntchito, zovala zosayenera, chasokonekera ngongole. N'zosadabwitsa za zisudzo zimenezi sizinali opambana. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kupanga zinachitika K. Liadov, amene sanali Dargomyzhsky. Mpaka 1861, "Mermaid" ali anatsutsana zisudzo onse 26. Komabe, mu 1865 izo lokonzedwanso Komissarzhevsky C. Plato. Baibulo latsopanoli wa opera anali bwino yaikulu. Iwo anali m'gulu la repertoire a zisudzowo anthu ambiri akhale mmodzi wa masewero a otchuka Russian.

ntchito nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe

Kodi mukudziwa kuti zimenezi Oimba monga Dargomyzhskii? Wambiri tebulo, anaika mu mabuku, uli ndi mfundo zofunika za izo. Nthawiyi, Dargomyzhsky anali si kupeka nyimbo. Nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe ntchito Aleksandra Sergeevicha Dargomyzhskogo zinachitika kuyambira malemu 1850s. Mu 1859 wolemba membala wa Komiti RMS (Russian zoyimbira Society). Kugwira ntchito imene mwafufuza ntchito ayenera kutumizidwa ku mpikisanowo, anathandizira chitukuko cha nyimbo Russian. Dargomyzhsky komanso nawo chilengedwe cha hayala woyamba m'dziko lathu Conservatory. Pa nthawi yomweyo Alexander anayamba kucheza ndi Oimba amene anadzakhala a "Wamphamvu ochepa" (Balakirev bwalo "). Zotsatira zake zinali mwagwirizana patsogolo kulenga.

Cooperation ndi "Iskra"

Dargomyzhsky, yonena ndi amene ntchito kumagwirizana moyo, mu 1859, anathandizana ndi "Iskra". Zinali otchuka pa nthawi satirical magazini. Mgwirizano anasiya amaonekera pa ntchito zina za Wolemba lapansi. Alexander analenga nyimbo zochokera ndakatulo P. I. Veynberga ndi V. S. Kurochkina - andakatulo, amene anali kufalitsidwa mu "Iskra". zili Social ali zinapatsira ndi nzeru nyimbo Dargomyzhsky zokhudza nthawi imeneyi: "Nyongolotsi", "titular phungu", "Old chomenya." Pa nthawi yomweyo anapitiriza maphunziro ake ndi oimba Wolemba ankachita masewera, ndi nyimbo ndi lyric: "Ine ndikukumbukira kwambiri", "Nchiyani chiri mu dzina", "onyada ife, madzi anagawanika."

Last za zisudzo Dargomyzhsky

tcheru wolemba mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake kamodzinso kukopeka opera. Ataganiza kuchita kusintha kwakukulu, Dargomyzhsky mu 1866 anayamba ntchito "The Stone Mlendo" ndi AS Pushkin. Iye ankafuna kuti alembe nyimbo popanda kusintha mawu a Pushkin. Dargomyzhsky anakana njira operatic, mbiri yakale: ensembles amapilira, Arias kufalitsidwa. Cholinga chake chinali kupitiriza kwa kanthu nyimbo. Recitative, arioso declamation analandidwa maziko, ndiko kuti, opera pafupifupi kwathunthu anamanga pa melodizirovannom recitative. Ntchito pafupifupi anamaliza miyezi ingapo. Dargomizhskiy imfa adatsogola kunena naye kulenga nyimbo kokha ndime 17 lomaliza. C. Cui Kwatha "The Stone Mlendo" mwa chifuniro cha Wolemba lapansi. Iye wakhalanso anakhazikitsa ndi chiyambi opera, amene anatsogolera ndi Rimsky-Korsakov.

Ubwino "Stone alendo"

"The Stone Mlendo" kudzera mwa anzake Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo anapangidwa February 16, 1872 pa Mariinsky Theater ku St. Petersburg. Mu 1876, opera anatsitsimuka, koma osachisunga mu repertoire a. Kuti tsiku limeneli komabe anazindikira kwambiri. Osati mwa Russian analemba (Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky) anapeza otsatira nzeru za komaliza za zisudzo za Alexander. Ake kuyamikilidwa yachilendo oimba. Makamaka, Gounod ankafuna kuti akonze sewero la zawo, chifukwa chopatula chitsanzo cha "The Stone Mlendo". Ntchito "Pelléas neri Melizandra" Debussy inachokera pa mfundo za kusintha, yomwe ikuchitika Dargomyzhsky. Mwachidule yonena za iye chingakhale chosakwanira ngati tili sananene za ntchito loimba la Alexander Sergeyevich.

Loimba ntchito Dargomizhskiy

Chidwi kwambiri zikhoza kuonedwa kuti "Baba-Yaga", "Chuhonskuyu zongopeka" ndi "Little Russian Cossack." deta banja zithunzi za ntchito za Wolemba kulimbikitsa ndi kutanthauzira grotesquely pachabe. Ndi pano ukapezeka zachilendo iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito njira luso. Iwo anapitiriza ntchito za analemba chotere Russian monga A. Liadov, Mussorgsky ndi ena. January 17, 1869 ku St. Petersburg, anafa Dargomyzhskii (m'munsimu muli chithunzi ndi manda ake).

Mwachidule yonena za iye lero anaphunzira ku sukulu zonse nyimbo ya Russia. Ndipo ntchito za Alexander anachita mu zisudzo zabwino mu dziko lathu lero. Pali zingapo mwa mwathu muno amene sanamvepo za Oimba monga Dargomyzhsky. Wambiri ana ndi akulu, m'nkhani ino amangonena za ntchito yake yaikulu ndiponso achita. Tidzakhala okondwa ngati inu amafuna kukhala wodziwa nyimbo Russian zachikhalidwe. chidwi kwambiri nthumwi zake ichi monga Dargomyzhsky (yonena ndi zilandiridwenso). Mwachidule amatiuza za moyo wake komanso zotsatira, ndipo tsopano mungathe.