Yamalamulo wa Kazakhstan: dongosolo, dongosolo la Kusankhidwa kwa ziwanga

Mu 1991, Kazakhstan, komanso ena Soviet Union, amamuonera udindo wa boma demokalase malamulo. M'malamulo choyamba, anatengera mu 1993 (kenako mobwerezabwereza anawonjezera kuti ndi kukonzedwa), wakhazikitsa unitary boma lolamuliridwa ndi pulezidenti.

The Republic ali ndi chipangizo ndekha kwa zigawo zonse za matupi kulamulira ndi malamulo ambiri. Ngati dziko lililonse demokalase Kazakhstan ali nthambi zitatu za boma, zofunika ambiri a iwo - ndi malamulo, ukufanizidwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo, tichipeza chipinda chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi.

zambiri

Mbali yaikulu ya m'dera malamulo - ndizabwino kuzindikira mfundo yolekanitsa mphamvu. kasamalidwe dziko sangakhale mu manja omwewo, ayenera wogawana anagawira mwa nyumba ina. Pofuna kupewa kukhazikitsidwa ndi ulamuliro authoritarian nthambi za boma alipo - malamulo, yemwe ndi zachiweruzo - ayenera kuchita kokha mkati mwa chimango cha mphamvu yake, pamene wokhulupirira ulamuliro mangawawo.

Nyumba ya malamulo a Kazakhstan ali lingaliro ambiri a boma voti. Amakhala ndi zipinda ziwiri, Senate ndi Majilis ndi Bungwe la Constitutional. The Ntchito yaikulu ya Malamulo - ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo. Chotero chipangizo ali m'malo unicameral ulamuliro - Bungwe la kuweruza kwa Supreme mu 1937

Mu 1995, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution, potsiriza anapanga yamalamulo yatsopano. Pa kuli ambiri mu mipando m'munsi nyumba m'gulu lampatuko la Chikazaki Pulezidenti. Nursultan Nazarbayev komanso "Nur Otan" ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse zotsogola pakati pa magulu ena andale.

malamulo m'deralo

Popeza Kazakhstan ndi dziko ndi mawonekedwe unitary a boma, madera osiyana ndi mizinda kuyikapo ntchito zawo pa maziko a lamulo limodzi kwa onse. Komabe, malamulo a Republic, kuwonjezera mphamvu wapamwamba boma, kukhazikitsa chitetezo dera matupi nthumwi (maslikhats), iwo ndi mphamvu zotsatirazi:

• yankho la mavuto ena khalidwe la kuderalo;
• mapulani a ntchito zosiyanasiyana chitukuko tanthauzo Kupititsa;
• kuonanso kuyan'anila timamva za ulamuliro wamkulu dera;
• kuonetsetsa ufulu wa nzika m'maderawa.

ziwanga Maslikhat angaphunzitse malamulo okha zofuna za kuti dera ndi anthu ake, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa khalidwe la referenda m'deralo. malamulo ena, amagwera dera lonse la dziko, Pamangofunika mwachindunji yamalamulo wa Republic of Kazakhstan.

chapamwamba nyumba

Ntchito yaikulu ya Senate ndi ziwanga wake - malamulo Komanso Nyumba ya Malamulo amasonyezera ulamuliro yekha, monga: mkulu wa Pulezidenti kuchotsedwa kwa wapampando wa Supreme Court, Loya, ndi Bank National ndi ena.

Pa nthawi, dziko lili ndi convocation chimodzi mwa Senate, mawu a ofesi anthu ake - zaka 6, ndipo pa zaka zitatu akhoza mwina kusinthidwa zikuchokera msonkhano. Chiyambi cha ku ntchito imatengedwa msonkhano woyamba, ndipo mapeto - otsiriza. Kazakhstan Nyumba yamalamulo ikhoza asanakalambe kutsirizitsa ntchito m'njira zotchulidwa Constitution.

Wa 47 mipando malamulo allocated 15 pulezidenti, mpumulo amaikidwa ku dera lililonse kapena mzinda tanthauzo Republican. Wachiwiri wapamwamba thupi la mphamvu wamkulu sangathe imodzi kukhala mu nyumba m'munsi ndi chapamwamba.

Senate ya Malamulo Kazakhstan amakumana monga osiyana (thupi lokha wapamwamba), ndipo pamodzi ndi Majilis (yotsirizira amakhala pa tsiku kutsegula ndi magawo kutseka).

m'munsi House

Mphamvu za malamulo chachiwiri zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kusankhidwa kwa Pulezidenti ku Republic.
2. Only Majilis ya Malamulo ya Republic of Kazakhstan ali kanthu malamulo, ntchito akhale ndi mutu wa boma, aphungu ndi boma.
3. Lofalitsidwa mndandanda wa malamulo zonse unagona zofunika anthu, monga:

• m'munda wa misonkho;
• ufulu ndi kumasulika;
• nkhani bajeti;
• kulamulira kanthu boma;
• maphunziro;
• yothandiza, zaumoyo ndi zina zambiri.

Chipinda m'munsi wapangidwa 107 ziwanga Ofuna ali asankha aliyense wa zipani ndiponso ndi Zisankho zochitika momasuka anatsimikiza ndi nambala analowa nyumba ya malamulo ya Kazakhstan. anthu asanu mu Mazhilis ali ndi ufulu kuti asankhe wapadera chenjezo thupi wa pulezidenti - Assembly Anthu a Republic, lomwe ndi udindo Kukwezeleza mu ndondomeko ya dziko mu dziko.

M'munsi nyumba ya nthambi malamulo likuphatikiza makomiti asanu, otchedwa matupi ntchito, icho pano ankaona analandira malamulo ndipo limapezeka pa imposition a msonkhano onse.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Party pulezidenti mu 2007 anathyola zolembedwa zonse kuti avotera, kulandira peresenti 88,4 wa chonse pamodzi.

Mu 2011, Nursultan Nazarbayev, kutsirizitsa mphamvu Majilis wa convocation chachinayi ndipo anasankha chisankho watsopano zinachititsa kuti peresenti asanu m'kupita chotchinga kugonjetsa zipani zitatu.

Chaka chilichonse pali kuchepetsa m'madera ndale kuti asankhe ofuna awo mu mphamvu. Mu chisankho 2016 ku nyumba ya malamulo ya Kazakhstan panafika mlingo wa masewera, okwana asanu, ndipo mu 2012 panali zisanu ndi ziwiri.