Zakale Russian luso ndi kufunika kwake pa zachikhalidwe

Mu Greece wakale, malo awa (Museion) ali kale wodzipereka kwa Muses, ndi zambiri ili m'nkhalango zopatulika kapena kachisi. Nthano, ndi Muses anali Greek zaluso, ndakatulo, sayansi - choncho tanthauzo la malo opatulika, kumene iwo anayenera kuwapatsa ulemu m'njira iliyonse. Chimodzimodzi mawu akuti "owonera zakale" limachokera mu ntchito pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano nthawi mu Europe. Pali zinthu zochititsa chidwi ndi mabungwe wotchedwa nyumbayi inali kusungiramo ntchito chapadera cha sayansi ndi luso, olengedwa mwa anthu.

Luso Museum ndi chiyani?

Osungirako zinthu zakale ndi osiyana: m'mbiri komanso luso, zolembalemba, ndi wodzipereka kwa magulu akutiakuti mitundu kapena mayiko m'madera kapena anthu. Art zakale zatenga malo apadera mwa onse. Pano, monga ulamuliro, kuvala ntchito anasonyeza luso - chabwino ndi kukongoletsa: zojambula ndi ziboliboli, zipsera ndi zojambula, zopeta ndi makalapeti, ziwiya zadothi ndi nsalu. M'mamyuziyamu ano izo ikuchitika osati yosungirako ndi kuwonetsera kwa zomwe zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, komanso kuphunzira awo mabuku, komanso kubwezeretsa kwa manda a mtengo kwambiri luso.

Art zakale wa Russia (Russia)

A pang'ono mbiri. Museum malonda mu Russia ali ndi zaka chikwi wa mosalekeza. Mu Kievan Lazaro Mwachitsanzo, mu matchalitchi ndi mchitidwe umenewu, ndi mizinda ina zimasungika wolemera nsalu, nkhani ya jewelers, mabuku (pamanja) golidi wapatali ndi siliva, adakonzeka ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ndipo mu mpingo sacristy m'nyumba chopereka wolemera. Choncho, mu Utatu-Sergio Lavra (Sergiev Posad) anali magulu zojambula ndi luso ntchito. Ndipo cha m'ma 16 anayamba kukhala wolemera ndi chidwi chopereka cha amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida Komiti mu boma la Russia, Moscow. Kwa izo, ife tikhoza kunena, ndipo magwero luso zakale Russian. Zankhondo - m'nyumbayi wamkulu, amene akhazikitseko 1806 koma anakhalako kale kuti. Tsopano iye ali mbali ya zinthu zakale Kremlin.

Kunstkamera ndi zopereka payekha

Woyamba kwambiri Russian owonetsera zakale anthu angathe kuonedwa nduna ya Curiosities ku St. Petersburg, analengedwa pa njira imene Tsar Peter Wamkulu mu 1714. Inayambira zinachitika mu 1719-m. Komabe, Kunstkamera - Museum si luso ndithu. Pali akhala anapereka ena kuposa mwaluso zosiyanasiyana zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zachilengedwe sayansi kuti Peter anapeza pa maulendo ake kunja kapena pa gawo Russian. Yaikulu payekha zosonkhanitsira anapeza mu Zima Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Pavlovsk ndi Peterhof (pambuyo zisinthe onse zigawo izi ndi zokhalamo anali nationalized ndipo inasanduka zakale Russian luso). Choncho anaonekera Malo Museum Arkhangelskoye, Kuskovo ndi ena.

Hermitage

Art zakale wa Russia - ndi yosaiwalika mu chitukuko cha chikhalidwe dziko. Choncho, 1764 izo Anagula zosonkhanitsira lalikulu la zojambulajambula, limene linali chimodzi mwa zinthu oyamba kulengedwa kwa Hermitage ku St. Petersburg.

Komabe, kuyang'ana pa ntchito yaluso pa nthawi imeneyo sakanakhoza onse: mwayi kwa Hermitage, monga, ndithudi, ndi ambiri zopereka patokha masiku amenewo zochepa kwambiri. Izo zinali kokha kwa zaka za m'ma 19 (theka lachiwiri), chifukwa cha khama la anzeru Russian, amene anamenyera olengeza omasukirana mabungwe amenewa anali kupeza lotseguka kwa chuma cha Hermitage ndi zina zopereka mseri (Pryanishnikova Tretyakov Ostroukhova).

Art zakale wa Russia: mndandanda

1. Kupezeka kwa Tretyakov Gallery, woyamba luso Museum luso Russian mu Moscow zaka za m'ma 19, angathe kuikidwa pa kutsogolo. Woyambitsa anali wamalonda Tretyakov, chidwi ndi mfundo za Wanderers ndipo adalenga msonkhamsonkha lalikulu la zosemasema. Iye anawona ntchito yake ngati wokhometsa m'dzikolo ogwira ntchito a anthu Russian. Ndipo iye anali zikutipatsa chikoka waukulu pa chitukuko cha Kuzindikira ndi chithunzi ndi njira zina luso.
2. Osati mitu, komanso m'chigawo anatsegula luso zakale Russian. mndandanda akupitiriza Saratov Art Museum dzina la Radishchev, yotseguka 1885.
3. Mu 1895-9898 gg. chikuyamba Russian dziko luso zakale, amenenso linayamba kupezeka ndi anthu wamba.
4. 1912 - Wabwino Tirhana Museum mu Moscow (tsopano - Pushkin).
5. Pambuyo 1917, aang'ono ndi aakulu zakale luso onse Russia akhala katundu anthu. The chiphiphiritso "Art uli anthu 'ngati kuli kotheka gwiritsani ntchito wamba, ndi osungirako zinthu zakale ndi gwero ndi chida cha maphunziro a misa ntchito. Mayina a zinthu zakale Russian luso ndi wodzilemekeza ndi mayina atsopano. Zikuphatikizapo tambirimbiri dziko ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, ndi Baltic States. Pali Museum luso wowerengeka mu Palekh, Mstera, owonetsera zakale munthu wodzipereka ku ntchito wojambula ena. Ntchito yaikulu mwa mabungwe - maphunziro zokongoletsa za anthu, kuphunzira, kubwezeretsa ndi kuteteza zipilala yaulele ya luso.