Azovskie kokayenda Peter 1 mwachidule

Otsogola pa nthawi imene Peter mbiri Russian kumanzere kwambiri nkhani osathetsedwa, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo - izo landlocked mozama kumalepheretsa chitukuko cha boma Russian. Moscow Russia nthawi zonse kunali kovuta owawa pa umwini wa thambo kum'mwera. Chitukuko cha boma lililonse zimadalira n'zotheka kulowa dziko malonda m'bwalomo ndi luso kuchititsa woyenera mfundo yachilendo. Kupanda mwachindunji mwayi kwa nyanja mosatsata Russia mipata yaikulu.

Chifukwa maulendo kuti Azov

Pakufunika kukula zina za boma adanyamuka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma, zinali zodzaza ndi ulamuliro wa wokonzanso Petulo 1, kukhala ntchito yaikulu ya consolidating umodzi mkati mwa dziko, kulimbitsa mphamvu asilikali ndi kuwonjezeka tanthauzo lonse. Search njira pa dziko m'bwalomo ndale zinachititsa kuti zikukhalira la ntchito kum'mwera, wotchedwa Azov makampeni a Peter 1. Mwachidule, longosolani zifukwa zina asayembekezere.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati kwa zaka zankhanza a Crimea Chitata dziko Russian anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu inakhomedwa ukapolo. Kufunika kukumanizana kusakasaka woipitsitsawu kwa amuna chifukwa china kwa chiyambi cha akulowera kum'mwera. Atengedwa mu theka lachiwiri la XVII m'ma Chigirinsky kuyenda ulendo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ndi Crimea ulendo wa Prince Golitsyn sanam'bweretsere zotsatira yoyenera, kusiya funso za malo amphamvu mu Black Sea m'mayiko osathetsedwa. Choncho, achinyamata Peter sakanakhoza kuika onse pankhani ya chitetezo malire ndipo anatsekula kupeza kum'mwera nyanja mwayi kukula achilendo.

Inayamba mu 1670s nkhondo ndi Turkey ndi Crimea Russia wakhala monga mbali ya mayiko amphamvu - mamembala a Coalition wachikhristu. Mu 1690s ndi Russia ndi ogwirizana - Poland ndi Austria - amaganiza mgwirizano ndi Turkey pa zinthu m'dzikoli mosatengera kuti zinthu Russian - choncho anati mbiri. Petro patsogolo zofuna kuti liime anawazunza ndi kuthekera ufulu kusambira Russian zombo mu Azov ndi Black Pacific. Iwo anatsutsa Turkey kwa zaka zingapo. Zokambirana anakokera mpaka 1694. Pamenepo Petro 1 anaganiza kuthandiza zikhalidwe za mphamvu ya zida.

Cholinga chachikulu chinali linga la Azov ili m'kamwa mwa Don ndi kutseka mwayi kwa Black Sea. Landira anatsegula mwayi Russian kunyanja, kunapangitsa kuti amange bulu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kunja ndi nkhondo zina. Zaka Azov imene Peter 1, anali okulira m'mbiri dziko.

Kukonza zoti pantchito yake yoyamba

Ndi kulimba mtima kwake khalidwe ndi unyamata zaka maximalism wamng'ono mfumu kumayambiriro 1695 iye analengeza kukwera ku Crimea. Icho chinali choyamba Azov kampeni ya Peter 1. Kuti disorient ndi kudodometsa chidwi kwa amuna mdani Azov zosonkhanitsira analengeza mu Moscow, cholinga, kuti aziyenda ndi malire m'munsi mwa Dnieper pansi pa B. P. Sheremeteva. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mobisa anapanga makumi atatu Azov asilikali, wopangidwa mwa pamwamba magulu atatu molamulidwa ndi akazembe Lefort, Gordon, Golovin, m'mene zida mortars zoposa 100 ndipo 40 arquebuses.

Mfumu anali kutchulidwa Army scorer Petrom Alekseevym. Lamulo la asilikali anali anaikira mu manja omwewo. zofunika anachita nawo pa msonkhanopo ndi ovomerezedwa ndi Peter 1.

The kampeni Azov

Azov imene Peter 1 chinayamba 1695. Spring khumi zikwizikwi za vanguard kuimira Gordon, ndipo limafotokoza mu Tambov, anayenda Azov. Iye anapita ku chipululu cha Cherkassy, kumene anakumana ndi Don Cossacks. Linga la Azov, yomwe ili pa lamanzere gombe la Don, Suli kutali ndi m'kamwa mwake, ndi zazikulu zokhalamo citadel kuchokera kumbali zonse.

Chakumapeto June, Gordon anafika cholinga chachikulu, ndi pafupi ndi linga. Pakuti ankafika wa mphamvu zazikulu pamwamba Azov Kaysugi mtsinje anamanga Mytishevuyu Marina. Pa nthawi yomweyo mphamvu yaikulu anafika pa mitsinje ya Moscow, ndi Volga ndi Oka kuti Tsaritsyn, ndiye pamtunda kuti Panshin ndipo amaona kumbuyo pamodzi ndi Don kwa Azov, amene anabalalitsidwa kuyambira chiyambi cha July, ili kum'mwera kwa linga la anatambasula kuti Kagalnik Mtsinje. Kuzinga paki ndi zipolopolo anali mongoyembekezera kusungidwa Mytishevoy mlatho, amene wakhala ngati tsinde limene chakudya wakhala anapezerapo mivi kwa Army.

Kuzinga mayunitsi pasadakhale la asilikali Gordon pa chiyambi cha July, ndi bombardment amphamvu a linga, imene makoma ake anali lowonongeka. Koma mzinda kuzungulira m'dziko anali ku inflow chakudya ndi zipolopolo kunyanja. asilikali a Russia kuuluka, wamphamvu zombo anali ndi kuteteza mdaniyo sanathe, kupanga kuzinga sikunapangitse anthu a mtima. Turkey, mothandizidwa ndi asilikali okwera pamahatchi a Crimea Chitata, amene anamenyera kunja kwa mpanda wa citadel, anapanga sorties pafupipafupi.

Usiku wa July 20, magawo angapo a asilikali a Peter ndinasamukira ku banki lamanja la Don ndi waukulu, kumanga malinga ndi asilikali onyamula zida ndi zida zankhondo, anali wokhoza kusunga shelling mzinda kuchokera kumpoto. Kukhala pafupi ndi makoma a asilikali Russian unkatchedwa kuukira 5 August. Azov khama. Mzindawu unazingidwa nthawi yaitali, anaganiza kubwereza kuukira. Kuthyola mzinda kudzera kugwa ka kuphulika Bomba, asilikali Gordon adamenyedwa ndi asilikali Turkey. kuukira analephera kachiwiri, Turkey amakakamizidwa asilikali Russian kwa mthunzi ambiri. Azov imene Peter 1, makamaka woyamba wa iwo, anawulula zolakwa musanyalanyaze mu lamulo ndi mayendetsedwe a boma la zomenyerapo nkhondo.

zododometsa wadabva zomvetsa lolemera, Petro anapereka chigamulo pa kuchotsa zovuta: September 28 anayamba kungafooketse batire, ndipo pa October 2, asilikali onse anapita ku Moscow.

mapanganowo Sheremetyeva

Kanthu pa Dnieper Sheremetyeva angapo kuchepetsa kuwawa kwa kugonjetsedwa mu kampeni Azov. Iye anatenga nyumba ziwiri, inawonongeka ndi Turkey anasiya citadel. Ngakhale kulephera malangizo waukulu kumenyana yokakamiza mfumu achinyamata kuchedwa asilikali malire a Sheremetyev, anathandiza kuti Azov imene Peter 1 wakhala ndithu.

Kukonzekera ntchito yatsopano

Pozindikira kufunika kukwaniritsa zolinga ndiponso kuganizira zimene zimayambitsa zolephera, Peter 1 anayamba kukonzekera lotsatira ulendo kum'mwera. Iye anazindikira kuti chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ntchito imeneyi anali chosowa zombo ndi khalidwe bwino Nkhondo n'chotheka mu mogwirizana limodzi pakati pa gulu nthaka ndi zombo zankhondo, luso chikuletsa ikuyandikira kwa nyanja Azov, potero kuwamana iye kubwezeretsa ndi thandizo kunja. Peter Wamkulu, ufumu wa amene anali odzaza ndi zochitika zazikulu ndi kulamulidwa chitani yomanga zombo mu Chiwalitsiro ndi Voronezh, iye anatsogolera ntchito yomanga.

Mu yomweyi, anapanga alumali watsopano wa asilikali Azov, mwina analimbitsa Sheremeteva magulu ankhondo anapereka nzika wamba ndipo itanani Cossacks. Popeza kupanda asilikali zomangamanga, Petro analankhula kwa atsogoleri a anagwirizana limati, Poland ndi Austria.

Chachiwiri ulendo kum'mwera

Azov imene Peter 1 anapitiriza. M'chaka cha 1696 asilikali molamulidwa ndi Generalissimo A. S. Sheina, wopangidwa mwa magulu a asilikali Gordon, Golovin ndi Regemana okwana anthu a anthu 75 zikwi zinakonzedwa kuti ndawala Chachiwiri Azov. M'nyengo yozizira kumanga zombo, amene adatenga lamulo la Lefort. Mpheroyi zombo 2, 23 galleys and 4 moto zombo. Peter 1 anasankha deta imene asilikali Voronezh, komwe zambiri za asilikali anali pakutoma, kutumiza kwa Azov ndi dziko, ndi zida zankhondo ndi kugwirizana otsala kunyamula ndi madzi. The oyenda anapanga Moscow pa March 8 ndi kumapeto kwa mwezi, kuika mu Voronezh, wayamba ndi potsegula ngalawa kumapeto zomwe mutu wa asilikali anapita ku linga la.

Pa May 19, patsogolo mayunitsi kuimira Gordon a tidakocheza ku Novosergievskaya, pang'ono pamwamba Azov. Waukulu sitimayo zombo Russian kuti amalamulira kayendedwe wa Turkey zombo ataima misewu. Pambuyo maulendo angapo kukakamiza Turkey sanayese n'komwe kulankhula ndi asilikali kulimbikitsa mzinda. zombo zawo nyanja, popanda kuchita chilichonse kupulumutsa citadel. Kaboma sanayembekezere kuti adzathe wazingidwa. Ntchito kuchotsa ichi, ndikubwera ku chiyambi cha June asilikali Russian analimbitsa msasa, wotanganidwa njira kwathunthu kuteteza anayamba khazikitsa zida zankhondo.

Kuzinga linga la

kuzinga Wachiwiri Azova Petrom ndinachita zambiri bwinobwino. Ngakhale Tartars ali momwazikanamwazikana steppe ndi, nthawi anaukira adani, koma mudzi wa Azov, olekanitsidwa dziko kunja, ankateteza sachita kwambiri. Lotsogoleredwa makoma achitetezo Generalissimo Shein. Zombo Peter Wamkulu anali pa misewu, iye anali pa nyanja, ndipo apo tasonkhana pagombe kuti aziona zochita za ntchito ya usilikali.

zochitika

The iwiri bombardment wa citadel, umene unayamba mu m'ma June, sikunapangitse zotsatira wolakalakika - mwa makoma ndipo makoma sanalandire kuwononga kwambiri. Iwo anali anapeza yachilendo koma ogwira njira: kumanga kuposa dziko, kutsinde, kumukankha iye khoma ndipo m'mene watsirizika dzenje, kuyamba kuukira. Iyo inali ntchito yaikulu. Tsiku lililonse, pamafunika 15 zikwi anthu: migodi awiri zinamangidwa nthawi yomweyo, maonekedwe cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa zida zankhondo. Amene analowa asilikali Austria akatswiri - akatswiri, sappers ndi zida zankhondo potsogolera ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano za ukachenjede lankhondo la nthawi.

Azov Kutenga Peter 1 mu 1696

Adani a Azov chinachitika msanga: m'ma July, wotopa kuchokera kuzinga yaitali, ndi Cossacks pamodzi ndi Don Cossacks anapanga anadabwa kuukira citadel, ndipo pomwepo kulanda mbali ya chomenyerapo nkhondo, ndi kukakamiza Turkey kuti abwerere. kupambana Izi waganiza kutha kwa nkhondo. Choncho anathetsa Azov imene Peter 1. mwachidule ndi mphamvu atathamangitsidwa m'mizinda angapo zinalephereka, kugwirizana Russian kuti mudzipereke. Anazinga Turkey anayamba kukambirana mfundo kugonja. July 19 Peter asilikali analowa Azov.

N'zovuta Musaone tanthauzo la kupambana kwa Russia ndi womaliza wa mfumu, amene anayamba kulamulira dziko kupambana amene anabweretsa Azov imene Peter 1. Table kuyerekezera zochitika m'mbiri yokopa onse amasonyeza bwanji mofulumira Mfumu yosanthula ndi kuunikira zolakwa, mmene wanzeru iwo anali kudzudzulidwa.