ZIS 154 - woyamba m'banja galimoto ndi injini hybrid

December 8, 1946 anayesedwa woyamba basi zoweta ZIS 154, amene anali mawonekedwe carload. Ndipo izo sizinali mbali yake chabe. Basi latsopano anali woyamba Soviet galimoto ndi powertrain wosakanizidwa. Kuti ndi chiwembu zogwirizana wakhala akuyendera izo. Izo mkati jenereta kuyaka injini ndi zimayenda, amene nawonso, anadyetsedwa Motors magetsi, ndi makokedwe kufala kwa magudumu galimoto.

Yambani ndi prototypes

Ntchito yanu yomanga inayamba mu kasupe Kumayambiriro kwa 1946. Ndi May chaka chomwecho KB mabasi apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito VMS, amene ankachita nawo ntchito yomanga ndi makina atsopano. Bureau walunjika AI Skerdzhiev. Tikumbukenso kuti dongosolo basi osati kuchita kulengedwa kuchokera zikande. Prototypes wa chitsanzo latsopano anali American GMC ndi Mack. Ndi makina amenewa anali ndi ngolo thupi, zopangidwa aloyi zotayidwa, yomwe kenako ntchito kamangidwe ka thupi ZIS 154.

watsopano galimoto injini ndi osati pachiyambi. Kukankhira-kukoka mphamvu wagawo mphamvu malita 110. a. (YAZ-204D), ndi lofunikira "pirated" buku la injini US wa GMC. Moscow mabasi anali kulandira membala wa galimoto zatsopano tsiku 800th likulu la USSR. Choncho, kuwopa zinthu zosayembekezereka pa chikumbutso chikondwerero, choyamba kupelekedwa ndi 45 "chitsanzo," ZIS Anzawo zoweta powerplant m'malo dizilo GMC-4-71, analandira mu zaka za nkhondo ndi adani pa kongoletsani-pangano.

basi zotayidwa

Popeza ZIS anali sadzalola galimoto ndi zonse zitsulo-monocoque thupi, anaganiza kuchita basi kapangidwe akatswiri Tushino ndege fakitale. Chifukwa cha ntchito anzake a ziwiri CB thupi kubala analengedwa, kapangidwe amene anali ya zigawo zingapo n'zofanana, wopangidwa mwa mafelemu, zitsulo kuponyedwa ndi mbiri zotayidwa. Komanso bodywork ZIS 154 anaganiza ukhale ndi trolleybus thupi MTB-82B ndi sitima MTV 82. kusiyana lagona yekha mu choona kuti sanapangidwire onyamula modes izi zoyendera.

basi Kufala

Unit mphamvu pabwino transversely mu overhang kumbuyo kwa basi, ndi zisanu seater Sofa. Dizilo YAZ-204 D olumikizidwa kwa mphamvu jenereta kupereka mwachindunji panopa kwa galimoto, amene anadutsa kasinthasintha gimbal kwa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo. Kusintha malangizo (kutsogolo ndi m'mbuyo) zinachitikadi ndi lophimba ili pafupi ndi mpando wa dalaivala. Kusintha analola kuchitika pokhapokha kuletsa wodzaza basi.

Ukulu wa chofunika khama tractive ali basi kusintha, amene anali yotsimikizika kuphatikiza magetsi HIV. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ntchito ya dalaivala zosavuta. Kuthetsa kufunika kusintha magiya, motero, ndi kufinya kwa ngo zowalamulira, zomwe zinali zofunika mu mapangidwe a m'tawuni. Komabe, mayiko amenewa akutanthauza molondola ndipo koposa onse, wodziŵa yokonza mbewu, zomwe ndithudi, pa nthawi imene anali ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha zachilendo a dongosolo ndi kusowa kwa akatswiri amatha kukonza.

Komanso, mphamvu anasamutsa kwa injini kuyaka mkati mpaka gudumu umalandira anakafika kutembenuka awiri imfa yokulirapo ya dzuwa. Zimenezi zimabweretsa mowa apamwamba mafuta (malita 65 pa 100 km). Komabe, nyumba yatsopano ndi nyumba anapita zino. Ndi July oyambirira mu Moscow anatenga mabasi m'maudindo wake woyamba magalimoto 7 anamasulidwa ndi mbewu. A September 7 zombo anawonjezera mayunitsi 25.

Anasangalala kwambiri okwera

Yomanga okwera basi mwa mawu a mayiko kunapezeka bwino zedi. m'katikati lalembedwa kwa anthu 60 mwa iwo - 34 makhalidwe. Lamba Cushioning Mtundu Mungasankhe kapena zamtengo wapatali. Pakuti yozizira ZIS 154 anali okonzeka ndi wabwino dongosolo Kutentha, ndi kwa chilimwe - mpweya wokwanira. Chitonthozo kuwonjezera ndi kuyimitsidwa zofewa. Basi inapita bwino anasamukira uniformly, kuti poyerekezera zitsanzo m'mbuyomu zinali chozizwitsa galimoto. Komabe, pa ntchito ya anapeza sangathe kwambiri, zomwe pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti achire za makina ku kupanga.

Vuto lalikulu la basi latsopano

Vuto lonse la ZIS 154 anali injini. Kuwonjezera mowa wa mafuta, YAZ-204D anali phokoso kwambiri. Komabe, iye mwankhanza chadil wakuda utsi. Koma ngakhale kuti anali kowopsa kwambiri. Nthawi dizilo basi, iwo amati, "analowa kuvala," umene ndi mwini ndi kumangolira kuchuluka patsogolo awo. Kuti kuzileketsa izo, dalaivala anadulidwa mafuta mzere n'kofunika. Ndipo ngati inu kumbukirani kuti injini anali paseri pa makina, kwenikweni anali ndi vuto lalikulu.

"Kupatukana" wakhala mliri weniweni wa ZIS 154. Ngakhale m'basi otetezeka malangizo ntchito dalaivalayo kusiya basi analangizidwa kuti dzanja nagawa phazi. iye ayenera ndiye kuti kondakitalayo anafunsa kapena ena m'basimo kupitiriza braking, ndi yomweyo mutu kwa injini chipinda ndi unscrew chitoliro mafuta, potero usokoneze mwa kundipatsako kwa mafuta kwa injectors engine. Kuthetsa vutoli pa chomera sadathe, chifukwa sankadziwa chimayambitsa chodabwitsa lapansi.

Choncho, kale mu 1950, zaka zitatu pambuyo chiyambi cha ulimi, mndandanda kutulutsidwa kwa ZIS 154 kwathunthu phased kunja. Komabe, mu nthawi imeneyo mbewu ali anamasulidwa 1165 "chozizwitsa basi", kumene m'mapaki basi kuthana ndi mbedza kapena ndi wakuba. Kumene, basi ngakhale iye anali luso kwa nthawi, koma n'zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, choncho sanalandire pofuna kukwaniritsa.