Zochitika za kachitidwe kubanki. zomangamanga banki

Kukula bwino chuma m'mayiko ambiri m'dzikoli zimadalira dzuwa la dongosolo banki logwirira ntchito boma. kulunjika ake ndi chiyani? ndi zinthu za zomangamanga a dongosolo zogwirizana chiyani?

Kodi dongosolo banki?

Tiyeni kuphunzira chofunika kuyamba kulingalira mawu. Mu dongosolo banki kumvetsa kuchotsedwa mabungwe a zachuma - mabanki ndi mabungwe ena ngongole kugwira ntchito mu ulamuliro wa boma. zinthu zogwirizana a dongosolo banki kuti m'kagulu m'magulu 3 chachikulu:

• mabanki dziko;
• mabungwe malonda kukongoza pa mlingo feduro;
• malo m'dera chuma (lotseguka mu zigawo, mizinda yambiri).

Mwina anafotokoza kuti ambiri limati ano, kuphatikizapo Russia, anakhazikitsa 1 National Bank. Mu dziko lathu, ntchito chogwirizana imagwiridwa ndi Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia. Poyankha, mabungwe malonda kukongoza m'dziko akhoza kukhala kwambiri. Koma kodi akamanena za mitundu onse a mabungwe a zachuma, komanso limatchula za kugwira ntchito zinthu izi za kachitidwe banki? Tiyeni kuphunzira funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

Bank National ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tione amene ali ndi udindo kwa golide ndi kuwombola yachilendo thumba la dzikolo. Bank National kapena banki chapakati, - chiwalo kiyi wa chuma mu chuma m'mayiko ambiri.

Nchito yake makamaka zolimbana. Iwo kwambiri zimakonda:

• ndi nkhani ya ndalama dziko;
• ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko Ngongole;
• ndi mawerengedwe mapulogalamu, kuyamba ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana ubale ndalama;
• kukhazikitsa kuyang'aniridwa pa ntchito za mabungwe omwe si a boma Ngongole;
• ndi pochita refinancing cha ngongole mwapatsidwa;
• ndi dongosolo la nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo ya boma.

Umboni Bank chapakati ntchito zimaonetsa ntchito ya Bank wa Central. Mwina kudziŵika kuti waukulu Russian banki - boma, koma amakhala ndi digiri ndi mkulu wosadalira Mabungwe ena feduro.

mabanki chapakati ndi makamaka payekha. Chotero ngongole ndi ndalama Kukhuta akhoza zimachitika mabungwe. Capital wa bungwe anapanga ndi zopereka yotentha ndi mabanki malonda. Taganizirani mfundo za mtundu wa mabungwe ndalama zambiri.

ndi Bank malonda ndi chiyani?

Pamodzi ndi Bank ku Central wa ena mfundo za dongosolo banki ndi malonda banki, mwalamulo odzilamulira okha olamulira a dziko (koma ndi nawo boma akhale cholowa chawo cha kwa zogwirizana bungwe kwambiri-banki ndalama). Lang'anani, gombe ayenera kukhala wodzilamulira mu mawu a kupanga zisankho za kayendesedwe likulu.

Mtundu yoyenera mabungwe kupereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndalama. Malonda Bank - mchitidwe wa ngongole ndi banki dongosolo, zomwe

• amapereka ngongole kwa anthu, magulu, kapangidwe bajeti, nthawi zina mabanki ena;
• refinance ngongole;
• Iwo akuchita wotuluka zosiyanasiyana, monga malipiro a anthu ena ndi mabungwe ena malamulo zalembedwa mu dongosolo bajeti monga msonkho komanso zolipira;
• Amalola mayikidwe a madipoziti;
• kulimbikitsa ndalama mu katundu osiyanasiyana.

Banki chapakati, monga taonera pamwambapa, amachita ntchito kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa ntchito za mabungwe malonda ndalama. Choncho, ntchito yachiwiri mokwanira malamulo okhwima okhudza. Childs, chiyambi cha banki malonda zimatheka ngati chiphatso wosindikiza Bank ku Central ndipo akudikila bwinobwino chavuta ndi bungwe lalikulu chuma cha boma.

Ife tsopano kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kodi makhalidwe a miyambo ya dongosolo banki, takambirana. Choyamba, m'pofunika kulabadira ntchito zawo poyerekezera ndi chuma Russian.

Ntchito ya miyambo ya dongosolo banki latsopano la Russia

Russia ali ndi zinthu zonse zoyambirira za dongosolo banki: banki chapakati, mabungwe kukongoza malonda mlingo boma komanso mabungwe m'dera ndalama. Bungwe lalikulu kuti ali osiyanasiyana yaikulu ya ulamuliro ndi Bank Central, la Russia. ntchito zake zazikulu ife apeza. Mwa anthu kukhazikitsa mfundo umuna, kuwombola yachilendo lamulo la chuma, lamulo ubale chuma, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo malamulo ndi mfundo ntchito mabungwe ngongole payekha.

Zotsatirazi structural zofunikira pa dongosolo Russian banki - feduro paokha banki mabungwe a zachuma. Pakati zopangidwa anthu aakulu, monga Sberbank, VTB, "Rosselkhozbank". Ntchito yawo ndi kutenga zosankha zazikulu ku gawo banki Russian, zokhudzana makamaka ngongole ndi zina mwa makampani aakulu kwambiri, mabungwe dongosolo bajeti, ntchito padziko lonse.

Major dziko zopangidwa mwina ndi maofesi dera kuti ankachita zinthu mu zigawo Russian ndi mizinda yambiri. Komanso, m'madera mwina awo mabungwe omwe chuma, osati pansi mabungwe feduro. mabungwe awa kugwira ntchito m'dera. banki Regional, kaya woimira boma la mtundu kapena bungwe lokhazikitsidwa pa mlingo wa gulu kapena boma, kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto kugwirizana nayenso, kukongoza ndi yokonza makampani ndi anthu kuti ntchito m'dera ziwalo.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti m'madera a Russia ndi kugwira ntchito za ku Central Unit. Anasankha Vuto linanso kwa yokonza ankayendetsa zachuma a mabanki payekha, kuti kuwunika ntchito za mabungwe a m'dera ndalama.

Mfundo za ntchito kwa dongosolo banki

Poganizira chikhalidwe ndi zinthu za dongosolo banki, tikhoza kufufuza mfundo za kugwira ntchito yake. Akatswiri chimatanthauza mndandanda enieni iwo. Choncho, pali mfundo za:

• malamulo;
• nchito;
• magwiridwe.

Tidzaphunzira makhalidwe awo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mfundo malamulo kachitidwe banki

Zoyamba za mtundu yoyenera ndi:

• standardization wa ankayendetsa zachuma;
• kuonetsetsa mobisa wa madipoziti ndi wotuluka;
• chitetezo cha madipoziti ndi malipiro.

Standardization ntchito ikuchitika mwa gombe, potengera lamulo normative zochita za mabungwe a zachuma. nkhani zikuluzikulu, monga ife tikudziwa kale, banki mtundu wa dziko. Akufotokozera mfundo ndi malamulo malinga ndi zomwe kufunika kugwira ntchito, boma ndi dera nyumba payekha.

Kuonetsetsa mobisa wa madipoziti ndi ankayendetsa zachuma - mfundo yofunika kwambiri imene mabungwe ndi ukugwirira ntchito chuma. Kasitomala wa bungwe ngongole ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu kuonetsetsa chinsinsichi zokhudza okha ndi za madipoziti awo ndi zinthu zina Mwachitsanzo, kupangidwa mu ndondomeko ya ntchito yokonza thupi afufuze nkhani.

Mfundo mobisa banki udzakhazikitsidwe pa mlingo wa malamulo ofunda malamulo. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za magwero a chilamulo, pokhala nacho wapamwamba malamulo mphamvu. Mu Russia, malamulo ndi. Choncho, mfundo yaikulu funso, ndi enshrined m'Chilamulo Federal chiwerengero 395-1 anavomera pa 02.12.1990 chaka. Ulamuliro wa chilamulo ichi osati ankaona mfundo kachitidwe banki, komanso mabungwe ena kugwira ntchito mu gawo ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, Gawo Insurance Agency, zosiyanasiyana kapangidwe kafukufuku.

zofunika malamulo Mfundo ina ya dongosolo banki - chitetezo cha madipoziti kupereka makasitomala ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. Munthu, bungwe kapena pogwiritsa ntchito anapereka Mwachitsanzo, munthu kapena bankiyo dera ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama mawonekedwe a gawo kapena malipiro adzatetezedwa kupeza wosaloleka. Mmene gombe akuyenera kuonetsetsa kugwilizana a muyezo izi, monga imatsatira malamulo feduro.

Komanso, boma na gombe chapakati akhonza kumupatsa malangizo kuwonjezera magwero boma, kuti kuwunika ntchito za mabungwe ngongole mawu a kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha madipoziti ndi zoletsedwa. Mbali imeneyi ya kugwira ntchito kubanki ndi mwa ubwino kwambiri mpikisano mu msika. Mayiwo amasankha ntchito kwa bungwe ngongole akhoza kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ankayendetsa zachuma.

Njira yaikulu kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha madipoziti ndi ndalama mu mabanki - chizindikiritso makasitomala. Pali njira zambiri imene mwina kuchitidwa. Chifukwa chitukuko yogwira wotuluka Intaneti mbali imeneyi ya ubale kasitomala ndi mabanki Bank National a boma akhoza kupereka ulemu wapadera onse mawu a Powunika momwe ntchito ndi mabungwe payekha chuma, ndi mbali ya lamulo la ntchito ya mabungwe nkhawa.

mfundo mabungwe kachitidwe banki

Gulu lotsatira kachitidwe banki ukugwirira ntchito mfundo - mabungwe. Kuti zinthu monga:

• awiri mlingo kulamulira ngongole ndi chuma cha boma;
• centralizing kasamalidwe mabungwe banki ya dziko.

Mfundo yoyamba ndi, monga ena ambiri, kuti kuonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo Russian chuma, pa msinkhu wa malamulo feduro. Iye anaganiza ndi gulu la mabanki Russian pa 2 milingo: normative ndi zinchito.

Pa nthaka msinkhu nchito, dongosolo ndalama chapakati banki Kumvetsela nyumba yake dera. Ntchito yake, monga taonera pamwambapa, ndi kugwira lamulo normative mabungwe ena ngongole kugwira ntchito mu dziko. inawo, nayenso, ili mlingo wachiwiri. Iwo ali, mu kuchita, kugwiritsa ntchito zikuluzikulu zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mabanki: akubwereketsa ndi kusamalila anthu ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. Ndipotu, imeneyi timakha- zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, kutanthauza njira akhoza wachinsinsi zinthu za kachitidwe kubanki.

Dziwani kuti Bank ku Central amenenso amasankha ntchito zofunika zinchito. Komabe, umunthu wawo, nthawi zambiri kutali ndithu ndi zimene zimaonetsa ntchito za mabungwe ngongole mu mlingo wachiwiri. Choncho Bank ku Central akaganizira kuti mabanki payekha kuti refinance iwo, ngati n'koyenera, kulembetsa mabanki, boma, dera, apereke iwo chilolezo. zinthu izi sanachite makampani. The yamtunduwu wokwanira Bank ku Central ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo kubanki. Pakati pa anthu: lamulo la kufufuma, umuna, mfundo ndalama. competencies zikuphatikizapo CBR ali zoona, kuti mfundo zinchito wa a kubanki. Taganizirani zizindikiro zawo.

mfundo zinchito kachitidwe banki

Mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu mu funso poyerekezera ndi dongosolo banki la Russia:

• okhawo kwa CBR kuti apereke ndalama;
• exclusivity ngongole ndi ntchito ndalama za magulu Kumvetsela ku Bank ndi Central.

Choncho, chifukwa chakuti yekha Bank ku Central ali ndi ulamuliro kugwirizana ndi makonzedwe a chuma cha boma ndalama, kungakupatseni zoti ndi mtendere wa dongosolo kubanki. Izi zimachitika chakuti mabungwe banki kugwira ntchito mu Russia, chinkhoswe yekha zinthu pa mbiri, koma ntchito malinga ndi malamulo a zachuma ndi ngongole ntchito. Uziyenda a mabanki ikuchitika mwa kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chapadera zomangamanga. Taganizirani kulunjika ake.

ndi mfundo ya banki zomangamanga chiyani?

Banki zomangamanga - malamulo malamulo, boma la boma ndi chikhalidwe mabungwe a ntchito za mabungwe a zachuma, komanso zinthu zamakono, chifukwa wotuluka yomwe osiyanasiyana ndalama.

Zinthu zakale akuphatikizapo malamulo malamulo lolamulira ntchito za Bank ku Central ndi mabungwe banki payekha, malamulo utsogoleri, kwaiye mu ulamuliro wa mabungwe payekha ndalama, malamulo m'deralo, kuti nyumba yeniyeni ndalama pa mlingo wa m'madipatimenti ndi maudindo.

Kiyi mabungwe chikhalidwe kuti zithandize ntchito ya boma la dongosolo banki akhoza umaimiridwa ndi:

• maulamuliro amene amayendetsa njira zachuma misinkhu yosiyanasiyana;
• sukulu ndi ogwira m'madipatimenti, amene ali ndi udindo kwa yokonza akatswiri aluso ntchito banki;
• kafukufuku ndi katswiri mabungwe nawo mu phunziroli ndipo konza njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito pa mlingo wa dongosolo kubanki.

zinthu zopangapanga kuti apange zomangamanga ndalama akhoza umaimiridwa ndi osiyanasiyana njira:

• kompyuta ndi mapulogalamu processing ntchito banki;
• mizere kulankhulana;
• The Bank Udindo ndalama - nyumba, maofesi, magalimoto.

Popeza kuti zomangamanga banki kuti azigwira, chidwi cha anthu onse a boma la zachuma - Ndipotu, akuluakulu a Bank wa Central, mabungwe kukongoza payekha. Mmene ndi khola, zinchito ndi sayansi, makamaka Mzimuyo mlingo wa chitukuko chuma, mabungwe zisathe anakhazikitsa pakati pa mabungwe osiyana zachuma. Dongosolo banki n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa boma. Tiyeni kuphunzira mfundo iyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mtengo wa dongosolo banki boma

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa zofunika structural a dongosolo banki ya boma, limatchula za zomangamanga ndi zogwirizana ndi ntchito za nkhani yaikulu ubale ndalama misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. ndi mtengo wa dongosolo dziko chiyani?

Banks ankaimira misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, ku Bank ku Central ndi m'dera mabungwe banki ndalama, kuonetsetsa kugwira ntchito ambiri akagonana chuma boma. udindo wa banki ali owerengeka mabungwe a zachuma. Chifukwa amapangidwa yekha mabungwe amene kukumana i ndi zofunika anakhazikitsa lamulo. Amaganiza kuti dongosolo ngongole adzatha kuti ngongole kuvomereza madipoziti ndi kuwateteza, kupereka ngongole, kuyamba ndi anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo.

Dongosolo banki ndi zina mwa zinthu chifungulo cha chuma. The wolimba ndi, m'pamene kukhala chuma cha boma. Mogwirizana kwa zinthu za dongosolo banki, lomasuliridwa ndi Akuluakulu abomawa, zikusonyeza Choncho nawo nzika, makampani, mabungwe bajeti, mabungwe akunja.

ubwenzi Financial anapangidwa chuma kwenikweni zonse. Munthu kulipira kugula mu sitolo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a dongosolo banki - ndalama wosindikiza Bank ku Central, kapena khadi pulasitiki, zomwe, poyamba, anamasulidwa wapadera bungwe chuma, amene umagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malangizo a Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndipo kachiwiri, ntchito kupeza zomangamanga, amene imayendetsedwa ndi banki kapena bungwe okondedwa. Wogulitsa pa sitolo kulipira yobereka katundu ku kampani kudzera nkhani banki, komanso ikuchitika ndi malipiro ake ena mu mawonekedwe a malipilo mlanduwo chikhalidwe, misonkho yosiyanasiyana.

Motero, masiku ano dongosolo banki zinthu zonse tilankhule wina ndi mnzake. kugwira ntchito kwawo ndi Lamulo pa mlingo wa zinthu boma la chilamulo, magwero m'deralo. Zochitika za ngongole ndi banki machitidwe ntchito pa ntchito zomangamanga yapadera, imene ikuimiridwa ndi osiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu. State ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi qualitatively opareshoni choyamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu zofuna za akuluakulu - kuonetsetsa kukula bwino zofunika zigawo zikuluzikulu zomangamanga a zachuma. Kumene, mu nkhani iyi tikhoza kulankhula za nkhani mu ndondomeko imeneyi mabungwe payekha.

chidule

Choncho tinaphunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo banki, ankaona ntchito yaikulu, komanso limatchula za zomangamanga, amene ntchito ndi iwo. Chief mbali lolingana mu chuma limati zambiri zamakono - banki chapakati. Monga ulamuliro, iye wapatsidwa osiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri wa mphamvu kuti apereke ndalama, ulamuliro kufufuma, malamulo a ntchito za magulu ena akuluakulu a zinthu za dongosolo banki - bizinesi mabungwe ngongole. Yotsirizira nawonso amathandiza kwambiri boma, kupereka pokwaniritsa wotuluka zosiyanasiyana ndalama ndi nawo nzika, mabungwe, ndi mabungwe a boma.