Zomwe mafuta udzathiridwa mu injini ya dzinja?

M'nyengo yozizira, pamene zoipa mpweya kutentha injini kuyamba ndi ovuta kwambiri. A chiyambi ozizira, makamaka injini dizilo amafuna machitidwe opaleshoni mkulu voteji ndi dalaivala mtima. Kukhala kosavuta kwa ataona crankshaft, ndi kofunika kudziwa kwenikweni mtundu wanji wa mafuta lembani kwa dzinja mu injini ya galimoto.

ayamikira Mlengi wa

Choyamba posankha yozizira kondomu ayenera amanena kuti malangizo a opanga galimotoyo. Aliyense galimoto akubwera ndi malangizo Buku, imene Mlengi akusonyeza wotani mafuta kutsanulira mu yozizira chitsanzo ichi (chomwe mtundu ndi zimene mungachite). Ngati buku utumiki chifukwa chilichonse kapena palibe uthenga mu si zogwirizana (mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro ngati ali ndi lothandiza salinso opangidwa), madzi adzakhala ndi kusankha, zochokera magawo ndi tolerances. Ngati iwo akale, ndi kondomu ya akwaniritsa zimenezi si kukatenga, ndiye mufunika kupenda mosamalitsa boma mankhwala msika magalimoto, kuyambira kudzakhala kotheka kudalira okha okha ndi pa chidziwitso chawo. Pasadakhale ayenera kufotokozera kuti si koyenera kugula mafuta, zochokera kunsonga ya wogulitsa kapena ndemanga anzawo. Mwatsoka, wogula pafupifupi sangakhale ndi chidaliro mu yamtunduwu ndi kukhulupirika kwa amalonda, ndi mnzake makina osiyana, kotero kuti ndi oyenera wanu "kumeza" kungakhale njira koipa.

Mitundu ya mafuta galimoto ku mipweya awo

Poyamba ntchito galimoto yekha galimoto mafuta mchere. Dzina "mchere" odziwikiratu - zikutanthauza kuti madzimadzi unapangidwa zosakaniza achilengedwe (mafuta). Koma injini mchere mafuta yozizira m'gulu sizikugwirizana, makamaka malo amenewo kumene kutentha imagwera bwino m'munsimu -10 digiri Celsius - izo basi amaundana mu injini.

Ndiye izo unakhazikitsidwa kupanga injini mafuta kudzera kaphatikizidwe wa mamolekyulu zofunika kwambiri kapena zochepa magawo chomwecho pamene kusintha kutentha ntchito.

Pakadali amaonedwa monga mafuta theka-kupanga. Izi m'munsi zachilengedwe ndi Kuwonjezera zimfundo yokumba.

Mtundu uliwonse ubwino komanso kuipa. Monga tanena mchere zikuchokera madzimadzi si abwino ntchito pa otsika kutentha, koma ndio injini ku sludge ndi chitayiko pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono, otslaivaya "zinyalala" mu tiziduswa tating'ono ting'ono. Ndiye, pamene n'kubweretsa chabe kusonyezedwa ntchito.

Semisynthetics ali ndi kukana kwambiri kusintha kutentha, koma mafuta ndi injini m'nyengo yozizira komanso siyabwino, kuyambira otsika kutentha pakhomo ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, pamene ankaona pa thermometer.

Madzimadzi kupanga ndi otchuka kwambiri kuti apeza kuti kutentha zosiyanasiyana (malingana olemba), koma sasiya katundu ntchito pa Kutentha kapena kuzirala kwa injini, ziri kulankhula, kupanga "kusintha". Koma ngati injini kale ntchito otsika khalidwe kapena zosayenera lubricating "zasayansi", ndipo mkati ndi sludge solidified ndi mwaye, mofulumira detachment "zinyalala", kotero kuti ndime mafuta ndi sefa angayambe pamene kusintha kwa apamwamba kupanga yagoletsa. Ndiyeno kulipira kukonza injini, sitiyenera wotchipa. Kotero ngati inu simukudziwa zimene udzathiridwa patsogolo ndi mmene zikwi makilomita ulendo popanda m'malo ambiri, ndi bwino kuthira mu injini kuyeretsa madzimadzi, ndi kwa mafuta yatsopano, ndi m'zinthu angapo wotsatira kuti m'malo zambiri kuposa analimbikitsa ndi Mlengi.

kukhuthala

Posankha wotani mafuta kudzaza yozizira, poyamba pa zonse tiyenera kulabadira kukhuthala - izo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro chofunika kwambiri ntchito ya lubricant lapansi.

Mfundo yofunika ndi mbali injini pamene ntchito pakani ndi mnzake pa liwilo. Pakati pa iwo ayenera kukhalira ndi mafuta filimu yomwe, pa dzanja limodzi, kuchepetsa mphamvu mikangano, choncho, Kutentha ndi kuvala, ndi pa dzanja zina, adzaonetsetsa zikayamba ndi mikangano (mwachitsanzo, zonenepa). Ngati injini mafuta m'nyengo yozizira adzakhala wandiweyani kuti, kodi ndi kukhuthala apamwamba, dongosolo sudzapatsidwa chilichonse chimene movutikira, napempha kuwonjezeka khama ndiponso khama la linanena bungwe injini adzakhala otsika. Ngati mafuta kwambiri wochepa thupi, izo mophweka ikuyenda m'madera popanda kupereka interlayer pakati pa pistons ndi makoma yamphamvu, i.e. mikangano ndi kunyala zitsulo adzakhala zatha.

Kutentha ntchito ya injini zonse kusintha. Ngati makina ndi, kutentha ndi wofanana yozungulira kutentha. Pamene injini umafunda pamaso kusunthira kutali, kutentha limatuluka pang'onopang'ono. Pamene galimoto zimatengera khama la galimoto mwina ndi kugwa mu ndondomekoyi. Ndiyeno funso n'lakuti, mtundu wa mafuta bwino ntchito yozizira, ngati thickens mu ozizira, ndipo pamene mkangano amakhala madzi.

Kuonetsetsa chitetezo wonse nyengo yozizira pa otsika kutentha mafuta ayenera madzi okwanira kuti magawowa injini zosavuta kuyambitsa ndi kupewa mafuta njala, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha opaleshoni, zikhale wandiweyani zotha kupanga filimu ya mafuta.

Gulu la mafuta galimoto pa SAE

American Society of Automotive Akatswiri wakhazikitsa gulu la mafuta kukhuthala, omwe tsopano ntchito padziko lonse. Timanena za izo zina.

mafuta yozizira

Poyamba, funso lotani mafuta bwino ntchito yozizira, ngakhale kuyimilira kutsogolo ziziyenda. Yankho anali wopezeka - yozizira. Malinga ndi gulu la SAE ndi zinaperekedwa mwa kalata W pambuyo phindu digito (yozizira - "yozizira"). CD anasonyeza: SAE 0W ndi SAE 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W. chiwerengero kutsogolo W anauza wogula zimene yozizira kwambiri chingathe kupirira mafuta, popanda kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa phukusi mphamvu. Pamaso yozizira pagalimoto kwenikweni amapangidwa ndi kusintha mafuta pa zinthu abwino nyengo m'chigawo cha wake, ziribe kanthu momwe nakunkhumizira pa lubricant m'mbuyomu. Zima mafuta unakhuthala pa otsika kutentha koma kukhala kwambiri woonda pamene kutentha limatuluka.

mafuta yotentha

Ndi kupulumutsa olemba a SAE mafuta chabe anasankha manambala (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40). Chinkatanthauza chapamwamba pakhomo kutentha kumene madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito. The apamwamba kutentha mpweya m'chilimwe m'chigawo chizindikiro zambiri kugula mafuta, kotero kuti akhalabe viscous okwanira mu kutentha.

mafuta multigrade

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, izi mitundu ya mafuta, monga yotentha kapena yozizira mafuta, apita, monga ambiri ntchito mafuta multigrade. Zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira, si koyenera kuti izo kuvomerezedwa m'malo musanadye nyengo yatsopano, kufunafuna mafuta ndi gulu zosiyanasiyana za mtundu womwewo monga m'mbuyomu. mafuta Multigrade ndi anatchulidwa mawerengero awiri ndi kalata W pakati pawo. The manambala woyamba amatanthauza "yozizira" ntchito madzimadzi (ukudalira pa izo, mtundu wa mafuta lembani kwa dzinja), ndipo chachiwiri - ndi "chilimwe". Izi lubricant konsekonse, ndithudi, ali chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi kutentha pamakomo, koma aliyense angathe kusankha ndendende mafuta umene zikugwirizanira zosiyanasiyana ankafuna. M'nyengo yozizira ino, zidzakhala madzimadzi ndithu, ndi chilimwe kukhala kukhuthala ake.

Kusankha mafuta SAE gulu kwa nyengo makamaka

• SAE 20W 40 - -10 kuti +45;
• SAE 15W 40 - -15 kuti +45;
• SAE 10W 40 - -20 kuti +35;
• SAE 10W 30 - -20 kuti +30;
• SAE 5W 40 - -25 kuti +35;
• SAE 5W 30 - -25 kuti +20;
• SAE 0W 40 - -30 kuti +35;
• SAE 0W 30 - kuchokera -30 kuti +20.

Monga Tingaone mndandanda, anthu a M'madera a zitunda kotentha wangwiro Mafuta 5W40 m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa n'zosavuta kupirira otsika kutentha ndipo si ikuyenda pa n'kumawotha. Iwo akhoza kukhala bwinobwino chaka chonse.

Gulu la mafuta injini malinga API

American Institute of mafuta analenga gulu lina, limene tiyenera kuziganizira posankha mafuta yozizira. Monga ulamuliro, chizindikiro zimenezi zimasonyeza khalidwe la lubricant lapansi. Opanga safunika onani mankhwala awo kwa API ndi nsanamira zambiri za pa chizindikiro, koma nthawi zambiri ndi osauka-khalidwe madzimadzi sikuti kudali njirayi. Popeza pagalimoto akuyesera kutsanulira mafuta abwino kwa dzinja, muyenera kuyang'ana kwa kondomu ndi chizindikiro ichi.

Mu dongosolo API ali mayina ziwiri zazikulu. Letter S akuuza wogula mafuta okha injini mafuta ndi kalata C inanena kuti madzi akhoza yekha mu injini dizilo. Nthawi zina phukusi angapezeke awiri akuti, loyang'ana kuyambira - S ... / C ..., kapena - C ... / S ... Mbali yoyamba mafuta ndi bwino yosayenera kwa galimoto petulo, koma Mlengi amalola ntchito popanga magalimoto dizilo, ngati chachiwiri - M'malo mwake.

Ndipo S gulu, ndi gulu ndi magawo zina zimene zili zofunika posankha wotani mafuta kutsanulira mu yozizira.

Pakuti injini mafuta

• SA, SB, SC, Sd, SE, SF - makalasi lotha kuti salinso ntchito. mafuta, amene ali oyenera injini 1930-1989 gg. kumasulidwa.
• SG - mafuta injini chopangidwa kuchokera 1989. Kuteteza injini ndi sludge ndi dzimbiri ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
• SH - injini mafuta kuyambira m'chaka cha 1994 la kumasuka. Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo ku fouling, dzimbiri, ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuchepetsa magawo avale. Oyenera ngati SG kalasi akulimbikitsidwa ndi pansi.
• SJ - mafuta injini pansi 1996. Ilo liri ndi makhalidwe onse a m'mbuyomu, kuposa antinagarny zovuta kwambiri yeniyeni ntchito kuzizira. Oyenera ngati analimbikitsa SH ndi kalasi m'munsi.
• SL - mafuta Mipikisano valavu ndi Turbo injini chopangidwa kuchokera 2000. Kuchuluka ulamuliro quality, oyenera Motors kuti analimbikitsa SJ kalasi ndi pansi.
• SM - makono galimoto mafuta (kuyambira 2004). Kukweza kutetezedwa avale msanga ndipo kudzikundikira madipoziti. mafuta injini ndi oyenera injini onse, omwe analimbikitsa lubricant kalasi pansipa. Lero ndi bwino galimoto mafuta yozizira.

Pakuti injini dizilo

• CA, CB, CC, CD, CE - achikulire makalasi.
• CF - kwa injini mu 1990 ndi jekeseni zina. Lili zina kuchepetsa fouling, dzimbiri, makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuvala. Zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito pa kalasi akulimbikitsidwa CD.
• CG - kwa injini pambuyo 1995 kumasulidwa, zomwe zagonjetsedwa kwa katundu mkulu. Avtomasla kumathandiza kudzikundikira madipoziti ndi mwaye makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi mapangidwe thovu.
• CH - Engine mafuta kuyambira 1998. Ilo liri ndi makhalidwe onse pamwamba, koma Komanso likukwaniritsa mfundo utsi mpweya kawopsedwe.
• CI - kalasi anavomera mu 2002. mafuta zikugwirizana ndi mfundo zonse zachilengedwe, ali ndi kuyeretsa zowonjezera. Amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mwaye ndi coke, ali ndi mwai fluidity. The bwino injini mafuta yozizira kwa injini latsopano dizilo.

Number 2 kapena 4 pambuyo phindu afabeti zikusonyeza zimene injini - awiri sitiroko kapena anayi sitiroko - yabwino lubricant.

Gulu la mafuta galimoto chifukwa ACEA

ACEA - ndi analogue a API, koma European. chizindikiro zambiri limasonyeza mfundo malinga wina classifications izi, koma akhoza mwina.

• Kalata G limasonyeza kuti mafuta ndi oyenera injini mafuta, manambala kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 kunena za ubwino wake.
• PD makalata akusonyeza kuti mafuta ndi oyenera injini dizilo m'galimoto galimotolo manambala 1 ndi 2 amasonyeza khalidwe.
• Kalata D ndi manambala kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 zikutanthauza kuti lubricant lakonzedwa kuti injini dizilo galimoto.

Kodi isanayambe yozizira

Musanayambe kuganiza za mtundu wa mafuta kudzaza yozizira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti galimoto ndi wokonzeka katundu mkulu ndi otsika kutentha. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa eni magalimoto dizilo, nthawi zambiri kusiya awo "namzeze" mu oyimitsira kapena pafupi ndi nyumba ndi kuthamangira m'malo mabasi ndi magalimoto.

Zofunika kwambiri ndipo chinthu choyamba - batire ndi sitata galimoto ayenera kukhala bwino ntchito! Ngati muli ndi mavuto kochepa ndi batire autumn, yozizira iwo adzaoneka pamaso panu ndi wokulirapo. Ataona ndandanda zigawo izi angachititse kuti kuganizira mozama zimene mtundu wa mafuta kutsanulira mu yozizira, koma osati injini mafuta, komanso ndimakokedwe, madzimadzi lubricating mu mlatho ndi chiwongolero (ngati alipo). Zosiyanasiyana pa Mabaibulo yozizira ya zoletsa kuwuma ndi zenera lakutsogolo madzimadzi. Mbali yoyamba - kuti madzi amaundana mu dongosolo, pamene lachiwiri - kukapempha aone zabwino pamene galimoto.

Sankhani yekha wotani mafuta bwino kudzaza injini yanu m'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kupita kukathyola masitolo ndi mankhwala chisamaliro galimoto. Odala ulendo!