Age magulu. Childhood, akamakula, ukalamba

M'lingaliro zamoyo mawu "chitukuko" amatanthauza kusintha ena mu thupi. Zidzachitika pa nthawi ndi chifukwa mphamvu ya mkati mwa chamoyo, ndipo chifukwa mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Komabe, magulu osiyana zaka amalembedwa osati mbali kwachilengedwenso. A kuchuluka ena mu chitukuko munthu akupanga ndi zochitika kunja zimene zimachitika kwa munthu.

Kodi pali mizere bwino magulu m'badwo?

Periodization a magulu a zaka zosiyana si akufotokozera sayansi maganizo mosapita m'mbali. Koma ngakhale ngati alipodi inu konse mmene zimakhudza anthu zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, unyamata, malinga asayansi ena, itha zaka 18-20. Komabe, m'mayiko amene ali ndi mavuto a zachuma ndi zinthu, ukhoza kuyambira chiyambi chake kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Pambuyo pake, komabe pafupifupi mwana Adzakakamizika uchikulire.

Mu njira yomweyo choncho, ndi zaka akula mochedwa. Pachikhalidwe, akukhulupirira kuti njila iyi sadzafika pamaso zaka 60-65. Komabe, ngati munthu amakakamizidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kuchita ntchito yamasewera, zakudya m'thupi, kapena nkhani kuti zinthu zina zoipa, n'zotheka patsogolo zaka akula pambuyo 45 zaka.

Onyamata

adakali - nthawi ino, kupanga mofulumira ntchito mawu. Izo zikuchitika mu kufanana ndi chitukuko chidziwitso ndi chikhalidwe. chofooka m'thupi Komanso kuchuluka. Chachabechabe chaka ziwiri zakubadwa mwana kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, osatembenukira ku wochepa mnyamata amene ali ndi co-Kudzozedwa ndi see. Kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi magulu zaka ana: ubwana (chaka chimodzi), oyambirira ubwana (zaka 1-3), ubwana (mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri), ophunzira wamng'ono (pansi zaka 10).

adakali - nthawi ino, kupanga nzeru. Mpaka zaka zisanu za mwanayo kuganiza chibadidwe khalidwe animism (endowing zinthu katundu wa zamoyo), ndi materialization (nkuti zinthu kukhumbira lawo lenileni), egocentrism (kokha kumvetsetsa dziko ku maganizo awo).

akamakula

Asayansi ambiri, iye wachinsinsi monga nthawi, malingana ndi makolo, amene ali pakati pa ubwana ndi mukadzakula. zinthu achinyamata ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mapulani a moyo wawo akatswiri dera chikondi ndi mzimu waubwenzi, mogwirizana chikhalidwe. Kwa iwo akhala zofunika chuma ndi ndale. Monga zinasonyeza kuti kumangika wachinyamata mpaka kalekale amakonda maiko otukuka. Patapita zaka 18-19, komanso m'nthawi ya 20 chifukwa cha zinthu chowawa zachuma kapena nkhondo achinyamata kukhala anthu ogwira ntchito, mwamsanga inasanduka akulu.

Ukalamba - mochedwa akula

Chinthu chapadera (otchedwa neoplasm maganizo) anapatsidwa zaka amenewa khalidwe nzeru. Ndi chondichitikira kwa munthu kwa nthawi yaitali zothandiza kudziwa, mfundo zimene atamupopa kwa iwo pa moyo wake.

Koma, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa nzeru, ubongo ambiri anthu achikulire ndi atengeke matenda chidziwitso. Ikutha ntchito chidziwitso angayambe zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: matenda a Alzheimer, senile maganizo oziziritsa kotunga magazi kuchepa. Komabe, ayenera kumvetsa kuti kukalamba thupi - ndondomeko imene imayamba kale ukalamba. Mwachitsanzo, mkazi 30 akhoza kale zindikirani zizindikiro za ukalamba: wamng'ono makwinya, kuchepa kwa umoyo, graying tsitsi.

Mu ukalamba, pali kusintha kwakukulu onse pa mlingo thupi, ndi moyo chikhalidwe cha munthu. Choyamba, zimakhudza kwambiri pantchito. Kusintha odetsedwa, ndi kusintha moyo chizolowezi. Kudzera m'ntchito ya nthawi anthu nthawi zonse kusasintha. Anapuma nthawi zambiri zikungokhala ngati anali "mwa masewera."

Gawo Erickson: Kumayambiriro ubwana

Wotchuka wa zamaganizo E. Erickson anasankha zotsatirazi magulu zaka ndi magawo awo chitukuko. Gawo loyamba - wakhanda. Panthawi imeneyi, nkhani yaikulu kuthetsa munthu wamba, amatanthauza kukhulupirira kapena kusakhulupirirana dziko owazungulira. Infant kudziwa kokha ngati dziko ndi malo abwino, koma ndi kuopseza. The chifukwa cha bwinobwino gawo ili ndi mkulu mlingo wa umoyo ndi chisangalalo.

Gawo lachiwiri chimakwirira msinkhu wa zaka imodzi atatu. Panthawi imeneyi, mwana likupitirirabe palokha. Ana osaposera zaka 3 kunadetsa kumva paokha, monga kuphunzira kuyenda. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo m'pofunika kusunga amakhulupirira. Udindo waukulu muno ankaimba ndi makolo. mfundo zake, pa dzanja limodzi, kuthandiza kuti achite izo. Pamene mwana kugonjetsa zilakolako zowononga zoletsa makolo kubwera mu mphamvu. Komano, iye ali ndi lingo la manyazi. Ndipotu, ngakhale simusamala wamkulu kumudzudzula iye, Ndimasangalala pa mfundo zimene kuchita cholakwika. Dziko lonse monga iwo amayamba kusunga mkati mwa iye.

Pa siteji kwa zaka 4 mpaka 6, mwanayo ali kusankha pakati pa zifukwa ziwiri - kanthu ndi kudziona ndi kulakwa. Iye akufotokozera zongopeka chabe, ndi mwachangu invents masewera, zonse watanthauzo kumakhaladi.

Sukulu ndi unyamata ndi Erickson

Kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 11 a mwana ayenera kupanga lingaliro la zanchito. Ngati izo sizitero, ndiye m'malo ndi kudziona ngati onyozeka. ndondomeko Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu nthawi ino mwana ambuye mfundo za chikhalidwe. Ana ayamba amagwirizana ndi akuluakulu, amene akuimira ntchito inayake.

Gawo kwa zaka 11 mpaka 20, malinga Erikson, ndiye pakatikati pa chitukuko bwino munthuyo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mwana kapena wachinyamata amatenga yekha mudziwe zambiri. Iye amayang'ana pa yekha monga wophunzira, mnzanu, mwana wa makolo ake, sportsmen ndi zina zotero. Ngati stepi ino ndi bwino, m'tsogolo munthu ali ndi malo okhazikika mmoyo, popangidwa ndi luso ndi zovuta.

Akule Erickson

Kuyambira zaka 21 mpaka 25, achinyamata kuyamba kuthana ndi kukula vuto la akulu. Kukwatirana, kukonza mwana, achite zisankho zofunika.

magulu zaka Izi ndi zina mwa zigawo za ulendo wa moyo, mmene muli chitukuko munthu. Kenako gawo yaitali, mpaka pa Erickson, kwa zaka 25 mpaka 60. Panthawi imeneyi, vuto lalikulu ndi moyo wa anthu patsogolo, kulephera kwa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma ngati iye akadali sangathe, ndiye iye afika mkulu mphotho - kumverera amphamvu wodzilamulira abwino.

Pamsinkhu uwu, pali kusintha kuti imakhudzana ndi kukhalanso ndi moyo. Amuna ndi akazi pa siteji iyi zofunika mavuto a zaka pakati. Mkazi 30 umalandira nsonga ya kugonana awo.

Age zaka 60 mwachuluka amadalira zaka mmene akhala moyo m'mbuyomu. ukalamba ndi mtendere, ngati moyo wake Munthu wakwanitsa ankafunila, anakhala ulemu wake. Apo ayi, adzakhala kuthetsa mavuto.