Akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama - ichi ndi chimene zikutanthauza? Mavuto a yoyandama mlingo ndalama?

Akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama - ndi wolephera za akuluakulu a boma la Russia za ndondomeko zolimbana mwa ndalama dziko ndi ndalama za maiko ena a dziko. Malangizo a kayendedwe ka mlingo kuwombola aumbike kokha pa maziko a malamulo msika wa okwanira ndi akumufuna. Pa nthawi, chabe Mayiko owerengeka bwinobwino ankachita izi mtundu mfundo za ndalama zake. A wamba zachuma ulamuliro - mlingo chosinthika.

Kulunjika wa akuyandama Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ndi amodzi

The kusintha kwa ruble zimatengedwa zikutanthauza kuti asiye ntchito limodzi kulowera ndalama, mkati limene mtengo wa ndalama national imasiyana zodziwika chimango. Pamene malire chapamwamba kapena kuchepera, asilikali ake anawonjezera boma ndalama zimene amalandira ofunika mlingo kuwombola. Alowererepo nthawi zambiri chikuchitika mu mtundu alowererepo. Pa msika poyera mwachangu akuyendera ntchito kutembenuka monga unit national ndalama ndi zilembo kuthetsa.

Isanafike kukhazikitsidwa kwa yoyandama mlingo kuwombola mu mgwirizano Bretton Woods mu 1944 amodzi dongosolo kusinthitsa ndalama anatsimikiza ndi zitsimikizo za mabanki chapakati paokha anapereka ndalama zake, kutenga udindo wonse kusintha ndalama zakunja mogwirizana ndi mawu a.

The kuipa dongosolo lokhazikika mlingo

Akuyandama mitengo kuwombola anali mtchatho mu 1944, pambuyo kuipa zoonekeratu atathana mlingo kuwombola anali anaona. The sangathe chachikulu - zovuta konsekonse mu mbali ya chitukuko cha chuma zoweta boma ndi okhwima malire kutuluka siteji dziko. The chachiwiri osiyana kusowa kwa mfundo - si olondola makoti poyerekezera ndi mzake. Iwo ali kugwirizana ndi mfundo za chitukuko munthu aliyense boma. Mwachitsanzo, dziko akhoza m'mavuto aakulu a zachuma, pamene kwa ena amakhala ndi amphamvu ndi olimba thanzi ndalama. kosiyana kumeneku kungachititse kuti dziko akuchulukirachulukira akhala zomwe amakumana mavuto ambiri chifukwa zinthu akumane pa dera la State wina.

The kuipa yoyandama mlingo kuwombola

Nayenso dongosolo la mitengo akuyandama kuwombola, zomwe kwathunthu kumatha kuipa onse pamwamba amenenso yodziwika ndi nambala ya kuipa. Kuyenera anati za osakhalitsa mkulu wa msika, amene amalonda ambiri mwamsanga inasanduka mwayi ndi maziko a zasungidwa awo. Lakuthwa kungasokoneze wa kusinthasintha ndalama ndi woyikidwa yekha pa ntchito katundu-malangizo a msika lonse.

Tiwolokere pa dera la Russia

Poyamba ndalama boma anali anayambitsa mu Russia kuyambira 1999. Anagwirizana chifukwa kusakhulupirika, umene unachitika mu 1998. Pambuyo zochitika chowawa m'deralo, boma la Russia wakhala okhoza kuthetsa chikoka zoipa chuma pa gawo zoweta ndalama. Kale chinthu monga ndalama dengu limene dola ankagwiritsa ntchito tandem ndi yuro unayamba mu 2005. Iye anatsegula ziyembekezo yotakata kwa lamulo la ndalama za dziko. Kamodzi kumanga yakhala ikuchitidwa wa ruble ndi awiri ndalama zamphamvu dziko, kuganizira chuma cha United States yekha yomweyo wofooka.

Mpaka 2009, maboma linalowererapo mwachangu ndalama msika anagwiranso okha omwe ali m'mavuto ngati mtengo wa unit ndalama akuyamba mwachangu kusuntha kwa malire a pakhoma zija. Pambuyo mavuto azachuma padziko lonse mu 2008 kupasula ulamuliro. Boma angathe kuthandizapo mwakhama kayendedwe mawu kaya ali mkati kulowera kapena kunja malire ake.

Patrimony

Choyamba kusintha Russia kuti yoyandama mlingo kuwombola anayamba ngakhale kuti nthawi wachiwiri wapampando Ulyukayev CBR mu 2005. Iye anadzipereka kuti asamukire ku mtundu uwu wa ndondomeko mu nthawi kuchokera 2010 mpaka 2015. Pa nthawi imeneyo, rationality kusintha malamulo chifukwa kufunika kufooketsa ruble chifukwa kuwonjezeka lakuthwa malipiro katundu. Chigamulo kuwalingalira mu uncharacteristic kwathunthu kwa zinthu panopo zachuma. Izi bata chuma, ndi mtengo wokhazikika mafuta ndi kusinthitsa ndalama ndi zabwino bwino malipiro.

Chifukwa akuyandama kuwombola wafika sayesedwa wolungama yokha?

Akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama - pulogalamuyi ndi yolimbikitsa kwambiri kusintha kwa chuma, wokonzeka pogwira ntchito kuyambira 2012. kukhazikitsa ndi Pre-anapatsidwa pa chiyambi cha 2015. Chifukwa kusintha poyerekeza ndi 2005 vuto: dontho ziletso kuthamanga mu mtengo "golide wakuda", ndi mavuto mu chuma, zotsatira za zochita boma zinali zosiyana. The ruble wofooka ndi dola ndi wasonyeza osakhalitsa kale lonse. Pa nthawi imene zinthu adakwanisa kukonza ndondomeko yogwira Bank ku Central la Russia, pa mwake, anatengera zochita pa disengagement wake ndi mwachangu amakhala malo ake. Kodi yoyandama mlingo posinthanitsa ndi Russian, kunena mabvuto, monga mmene kukhazikitsa sati zimatheka.

Akuyandama Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ndi mavuto a zachuma

Akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama - ndi mfundo za chuma za boma, lomwe saloledwa ntchito mu chuma osakhazikika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chitsanzo cha khalidwe boma kumawonjezera yekha chiopsezo ndalama Kusakhazikika. Choona chidwi ndi malangizo a bwino "Akatswiri dziko" amene amalangiza boma la boma, lero ndi divergent kwambiri. Makamaka, monga mwa nthumwi ya Investbank akuyandama mlingo kuwombola boma ndi zosaloleka chifukwa ziletso aakulu atapereka ndi boma chifukwa mokwanira lalikulu ngongole kunja kwa boma amapeza. Katswiri Financial amapanga zinthu mosadzikayikira boma la zachuma, onse chuma ndi mtengo. Andrei Belousov, agwilitse malo Wothandizira Pulezidenti ananena poyera kuti, ngakhale kumayambiriro yoyandama Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama, dziko ndi wokonzeka pano zokwanira. Nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chakuti osakhalitsa wa ndalama chingayambitse destabilization wathunthu wa ankayendetsa malonda kunja chifukwa cha kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo pansi zimenezi poyamba lalembedwa.

Kufanizira The ikuchitika kwa chaka cha 1993, pamene pakati pa kasupe chifukwa kugwa kwa ruble ambiri a makampani akuluakulu a dziko anakakamizika kutsirizitsa Mapangano nthawi yaitali anataya katundu yofunika kwambiri. Monga mmene mchitidwe dziko, yoyandama mlingo kuwombola - ndi mfundo ndalama kuti angasonyeze ntchito pokhapokha m'mayiko chuma kukula pang'onopang'ono kudya, ndi makampani ali pamsinkhu. Waukulu katundu item kupanga ayenera mwini.

Akuyandama mlingo mu dziko

akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama boma wayikidwa% 34 zokha za dziko. chithunzi zina m'mayiko 65, 29 amene amachita yoyandama Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ndi zikunena mu nthawi zina, ndipo limati 36 achita mapangidwe ndalama national akukankha kokha mapangidwe kufunika msika ndi okwanira. Mtheradi akuyandama mlingo kuwombola - chodabwitsa kuti wakhala akuyendera kwathunthu m'mayiko 17 European Union. Otsala mayiko 13, 70% ya magawo a mafakitale osiyana mu katundu wa. Mndandanda wa limati ochita Freestyle kusambira ndalama dziko ndi okhazikika kupanga mafuta, anali kokha Mexico ndi Norway. Maphunzirowa mwachangu ankachita ndi ogwira njira ya Russia. Izi Turkey, Brazil ndi India. limati awa ndi zofewa kwambiri njira ndalama za Bank wa Central. A akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama, mavuto amene kale kuti mwachangu kuonekera, si zothandiza, kuyambira Russia si khalidwe la bwino anayamba kuwombola yachilendo chiopsezo inshuwalansi msika. Mafuta Waogula Zinthu Kunja specialization wina ndi ndalama zina, advantageously khola ndi lokhazikika.

"Pakuti" malo

Poganizira funso tanthauzo la akuyandama mlingo kuwombola Russia, ndi ofunika kuti zinthu si tenable. Bank ku Central ndi sankapereka ake linanena kuti malamulo chifukwa mawu tsiku ndi mtunda wautali. Plus kwa kapangidwe ndalama kuti alibe yocheza nkhokwe zawo golidi masewera ndi speculators. Ndi chidwi izo analekerera chakuti speculators kuchuluka mu nkhope ya osakhalitsa amphamvu. Ikani otchuka player a msika mu nkhope ya Bank ku Central lero wotanganidwa ndi lalikulu, akatswiri ochokera chimaposa ndalama zakunja, zomwe eni 72% ya otaya ndalama. Kodi ukhoza kuwononga akuyandama mlingo kuwombola dziko ndi anthu ake m'tsogolo, kunena ndi mabvuto, chifukwa kunadetsa zimadalira zochita kapena sakuchita a Bank wa Central.

maganizo olakwika

Izi zikutanthauza yoyandama Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama, ndi zothandiza ndi kwa Russia, anauza maphunziro, ngakhale kuti zonse zimene anapereka sizolondola. Mu limodzi mwa mabuku deta zotsatirazi zilipo pa chuma: "A akuyandama mlingo kuzizira kupanda bwino malipiro adzakhala poyerekeza ndi kuchepekedwa kuti palibe yemwe angatsutse kungachepetse otaya madola m'dziko la boma. Mtengo wa ndalama lidzapambana mwadongosolo kupita pansi chifukwa - kuchepetsa mtengo wa katundu zoweta, popularization awo pa msika zoweta ndi kukula zogulitsa kunja. Komanso kukula kwa wolowa zingawonjezere inflow a madola ndi kufunika kwa ndalama zakunja adzagwa, ndi ruble adzauka. " Kumlingo ndi zolondola, koma, kuganizira funso limeneli, tiyenera kuganizira kuti ulamuliro n'kofunika mayiko kuti kupereka katundu, mtengo umene aumbike yekha kwa ndalama zoweta msika. Fotokozani zimene likuoneka kuti kusinthitsa ndalama akuyandama, kudzakhala kosavuta pamene muona kuti katundu wa boma pa 72% tichipeza mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo mtengo wa mphamvu aumbike kwathunthu pa msika lonse. Chifukwa, "ufulu akuyandama ruble" sangathe kuzitsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu ndalama za dziko, kapena ndi kuwonjezeka mu mabuku katundu. Kulongosola ubwino mfundo ndalama mu mbali yake, Russia ayenera kusiyanitsa wolowa wake wa nomenclature chofunika osati abwenzi dziko kuti zikukangalika ikuchitika pansi napemphera monyenga mawu a osiyana.

Kodi mungayembekezere m'tsogolo?

A akuyandama kusinthitsa ndalama, mavuto amene adakali wosadziwika, mwayi kwa Bank ku Central mawu a kukwaniritsidwa kwa zikunena. Mu nkhani iyi, IMF ananena momveka bwino mfundo zimene Bank ku Central ali ndi ufulu kuthandizapo zosaposa 3 zina mwa miyezi 6, nthawi sayenera masiku oposa 3. lamulo okhwima mtendere wa ndalama national adzatha kugwira mlingo osachepera.

Bank chapakati Russia mwachangu amagwiritsa chiwongola dzanja kwa lamulo ndalama. Ndalama Kulimbikitsa anapanga kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake, imbaenda kuna mapangidwe liquidity chiopsezo ndipo zimawalepheretsa kukula chuma cha boma. Ngongole ndi kukula, kukhala kufikako gwero kwa Boma zachuma kunyakhe. Poganizira funso tanthauzo yoyandama Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama, tikhoza kunena kuti zodabwitsazi, mu mfundo komanso kuchepa kumene, - zotsatira za mfundo Bank Central. Zotsatira - izo kudumpha pa msika ndalama ndi mwamakani maganizo zongopeka.