Alexandrinsky Theatre: history, chithunzi, ndemanga

Mmodzi wa wamkulu mu Russia, woyamba State Theatre Alexandrinsky nthawi zonse chidwi makamaka kwa anthu ndi mwatcheru otsutsa. Kwa iye nkhani yapadera: izo zogwirizana ndi udindo wa mkulu wa Imperial Theatre, ndi mtundu ndi ulemu kuyima kwa zaka zoposa 250.

m'badwo

mwana wamkazi wa Peter Wamkulu ulamuliro wa Elizabeth yodziwika ndi funde la moyo zikhalidwe Russia. Makamaka, pamene izo zikusonyeza kukula mofulumira makampani masewera, analenga kwambiri ochitira masewero payekha, kupita pa ulendo gululo wa ochita yachilendo, playwrights analemba masewero woyamba mu Russian. Wina ali yense sakugawana kufunika ndi Kulenga kwa State Theatre pa chitsanzo cha mitu zina European. Ndipo August 30, 1756 Mfumukazi Elizabeth Petrovna inaika lamulo kukhazikitsa woyamba lachifumu zisudzo mu Russia. Choncho tsogolo Alexandrinka akapeza udindo wake boma.

Choyamba Russian zisudzo akutchedwa, ntchito kuimira sewero lanthabwala ndi matsoka. Maziko a gululo ndi ku Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, amene anakhala mkulu wa gululo ndi zisudzo Demetrius, Volkov ndi Popov. Wolemba wina ndi wotsogolera zisudzo amakhala dzina lake Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, amene ankaona kholo la sewero Russian. Maziko a repertoire ndizo masewero French wa Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Molière, komanso ntchito ndi olemba Russian: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. Kutsindika waukulu anaikidwa pa staging comedies.

yomanga nyumba

Zisudzo anali wotchuka zosaneneka ku St. Petersburg, koma chipinda chake iye anali nacho, iye akungoyendayenda kwa malo osiyana, m'pofunika kuti akhala nyumba wapadera. Koma zaka pokhapokha 76 atalenga anaonekera Alexandrinsky Theatre, adiresi ya lomwe tsopano amalitcha kuti aliyense zisudzo-goers. Mu malo poyamba inali nyumba matabwa amene anali Italy gululo Kazassi. Koma kenako zisudzo anakomoka, chipinda anagulidwa mwa chuma, kenako lowonongeka ndi moto mu 1811, pa mavuto ake zinthu za nkhondo ndi Napoleon.

Koma ngakhale chosowa ndalama, mu 1810 Carl Rossi amalenga mderalo wa kukonzanso. Izo zinali kokha mu 30s, pansi Nicholas Ine, mozama akafunsa kuti, yomanga bwalo lamasewera. Carl Rossi wobwezera mutu wa ndondomeko, adatenga gulu lake la mapulani ndi Galberga Tkachev. Kumangidwa wakhala padera ndalama zambiri, ndi ntchito wayamba wiritsani: kwa m'munsi mwa nyumba akhala anakhoma mu nthaka milu 5000, koma zokongoletsa chiyani kusankha kusunga. M'malo mwake, mkuwa ndi mkuwa ntchito kupenta ndi nkhuni kusema.

Kapangidwe inamangidwa zaka 4 chabe, ndi August 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky Theatre, amene adiresi - Ostrovsky Square, 6, anapeza nyumba anamanga wamanga chachikulu munthawi yathu. Carl Rossi kunathandiza zomangamanga, pansi pa utsogoleri wake, chinali mu moyo wa mderalo ndi ulemerero mkati mwa chipinda. Alexandrinsky Theatre, amene lero ali chithunzi mu Album iliyonse alendo amene anapita ku St. Petersburg, ndi chipilala cha wamanga kwambiri.

Zomangamanga ndi mamangidwe mkati

Alexandrinsky Theatre anakhala mbali ya zikuluzikulu ntchito chitukuko m'matawuni Russia. The wapakamwa kutsogolo zinayang'ana Neva prospectus, lakonzedwa ngati makonde zozama za mizati 10, limene lili pa chapamwamba wotchuka quadriga Apollo. Malinga ndi frieze kuti alimbane nyumbayi, yomwe ili mlombwa garlands ndi masks ed. The pamakoma mbali ali chokongoletsedwa pakhonde la mizati 8. Nyumba kalembedwe Ufumu ndi ngale weniweni wa St. Petersburg. Msewu zikubweretsa zisudzo tsopano lili ndi dzina la Rossi, izo udaikidwa ndi mmisiri wa malamulo akale. m'lifupi ndi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa nyumba ndi kutalika kwa ndendende 10 nthawi kuchuluka. Street lakonzedwa m'njira monga kutsindika mwambo ndi ukulu wa kapangidwe kamangidwe ka fano.

Mkati mwa mfumu adakwanisa kuona mtundu wofiira, koma nsalu sanali zedi mokwanira, ndiponso kuti yace kwambiri sachedwa kutsegula. The wamanga anatha kutsimikizira wolamulira - monga zisudzo analandira tsopano wotchuka buluu upholstery ake. Holo akhoza kumakhalamo za 1770 anthu, anali 107 mabokosi, makola, zomera ndi khonde, anzeru kapangidwe akuupereka ndi zowulutsira chodabwitsa.

Imperial nthawi

Polemekeza mkazi wa Nicholas Ine, bwaloli anawatcha Alexandrinsky. Iye akukhala pakati pa moyo siteji ya Russia. Apa anayambitsa Russian zisudzo mwambo, umene pambuyo pake udzakhala ulemerero wa dziko. Alexandrinsky Theatre pambuyo chotulukira kuthandiza mwachizolowezi repertoire mfundo: izo ankachitika makamaka sewero lanthabwala ndi masewero nyimbo. Koma kenako repertoire amakhala aakulu kwambiri, apa ndi akamaionetsa koyamba Griboyedov sewero lanthabwala "Tsoka kwa nzeru", "Inspector" N. V. Gogolya, "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky. Mu zisudzo ntchito imeneyi ndi zisudzo wamkulu: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova ndi ena ambiri.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 Alexandrinsky Theatre amapita ku kampani mphamvu ndi zisudzo ake pa ndime ndi bwino sewero owonetsera mu Europe.

M'ma 20 zinali zodzaza ndi vutoli, zimene sakanatha kupewa Alexandrinsky Theatre. Mu 1908, iye anatsogolera gulu afika V. Meyerhold, chomwe chifuna kulenga repertoire latsopano, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mosamala zimasunga mwambo alipo. Iye zikhoza zisudzo lapadera: "Don Giovanni", "Masquerade", "Mphepo", amene ali katswiri wa latsopano sewero sukulu.

nyengo Soviet

Pambuyo pa October utasintha mu 1917, bwaloli mlandu kulemekeza mphamvu lachifumu, nthawi ndi lolimba. Mu 1920 izo anadzatchedwa Petrograd maphunziro Drama Theatre, ndipo ayamba mwachangu kuika seweroli, "m'munsi kuya" ndi "Afilisti" Gorky kusewera Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo ndipo ngakhale Lunacharsky (Commissar wa Education).

Pakampaniyo, kudzera mwa wotsogolera mkulu Yuriya Yureva anasunga gulu la ambuye akale, limodzi ndi zisudzo wa sukulu watsopano: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, zisudzo anali anasamutsidwa kuti Novosibirsk, kumene zisudzo anapitiriza kusewera ziwonetsero. Mu 1944, kampani anabwerera ku Leningrad.

Pambuyo nkhondo ndi zaka zotsatira zinali zovuta chikhalidwe onse ndi kwa Alexandrinka kuphatikizapo. Koma pali kuoneka zisudzo odziwika bwino monga "Moyo mtundu" zochokera Dovzhenko, "Opambana" wa BN Chirskovu.

Mu Soviet nyengo ntchito zisudzo kwambiri: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. Cherkasov, VI Gorbachev ndi atsogoleri wanzeru: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. The zisudzo sanataye kufunika kwake, ngakhale maganizo.

Back kuti ndizosowa

Mu 1990 anabwerera dzina wapachiyambi, ndipo dziko limapezeka kachiwiri Alexandrinsky Theatre. perestroika zaka adampatsa iye si kophweka, koma zisudzo ndi zotheka osati kupulumuka, komanso kusunga gululo ndi gulu lapadera zokongoletsa ndi eni. Chifukwa cha khama la academician D. S. Lihacheva, ndi anazindikira mitundu chuma amakhala Alexandrinsky Theatre. St. Petersburg sikutheka kulingalira popanda bungwe chikhalidwe. Iye ndi chizindikiro cha zisudzo Russian, ndi akuru ndi Mariinsky Theater.

lero

Alexandrinsky Theatre, zomwe amakambirana pafupifupi nthawi zonse zinalembedwa mawu losonyeza, kuyesera mtundu lero. Popeza 2003, waima pa mutu wa mkulu Valery Fokin. khama lake mu Alexandrinsky Theatre Chikondwerero umachitika dzina chomwecho. Motsogozedwa Fokine msonkhano kukhazikitsanso waukulu bwalo lamasewera. Iye anaonetsetsa kuti zisudzo anali powonekera chachiwiri, wakupatsa khama zisudzo experimental. Ndi ntchito ya zisudzo bwino ndi atsogoleri. Zisudzo amaona utumiki umenewu asayambe miyambo ya Russian sukulu ed amathandiza mumaganiza yatsopano ndi kuthandiza matalente.

munapanga zisudzo wotchuka

The repertoire Alexandrinka nthawi zonse anali zabwino za sewerolo, kuika pano zapamwamba zonse: Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Masiku ano, zisudzo za Alexandrinsky Theatre ndi ntchito yabwino ya playwrights: "Nora" Ibsen, "The Living mtembo" by L. Tolstoy, "Ukwati" Gogol, "The kawiri" ndi Fyodor Dostoevsky. Chiganizo ndi chochitika padziko lonse lapansi. Fokin ndi mtima kwambiri mfundo repertoire, akunena kuti palibe chuma mwangozi. Mission Theatre - propaganda upamwamba, ndi yamasika ali ndi udindo waukulu ku chikwangwani Alexandrinka.

The gululo wa Alexandrinsky Theater

Alexandrinsky Theatre (St. Petersburg) ndi wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Today ku kampani ntchito anamenyela ngati zochitika, monga N. Urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, komanso aluso achinyamata: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.