Ali malire pakati pa Asia ndi Ulaya

Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti malire pakati pa Asia ndi Ulaya akuthamanga pamodzi lokwera wa Urals, ndi Caspian nyanja ndi mitsinje yambiri ndi m'mavuto. Kutalika ngati njira ndi za 6000 makilomita.

Pali njira ina, imene malire a limachokera pamodzi okulira wa dera Ural ndi Caucasus. Tikupeza zomwe Baibulo ndi zoona, zikuthandizani mbiri, Hrs kafukufuku m'dzikoli.

kugonjera oyambirira

Kuyambira kalekale anthu kudziwa komwe malekezero dziko limenelo ndi gawo la dziko. About 3 zikwi zapitazo, dzikoli woyamba salembedwa ogaŵikana zigawo 3: West, East, ndipo Africa.

Agiriki akale ankakhulupirira kuti malire pakati pa Asia ndi Ulaya umadutsa Nyanja Black. Pa nthawiyo ankatchedwa Ponto. Aroma anasamukira malire mu Nyanja Azov. Malinga ndi iwo, magawano anapita Meotida madzi, kuphatikizapo Khwalala ya Kerch pa Ulaya ndi Asia ndi ku Mtsinje Don. Mu zolemba zake, Polybius, Herodotus, Pampony, Ptolemy ndi Strabo analemba kuti malire pakati pa mbali mbiri ya dziko imene idzachitika m'mphepete mwa nyanja Nyanja Azov, kusintha osalala Don njira. ziweruzo zimenezi adakhalabe woona mpaka 18 m'ma AD. mfundo zofanana anali kuperekedwa ndi azamulungu Russian m'buku lakuti "Cosmography" imene atumwi 17. Komabe, 1759, Mikhail Lomonosov anapeza kuti m'malire Asia ndi Ulaya ayenera idzachitika pa mitsinje Don, Volga ndi Pechora.

Ulaliki wa zaka 18-19

Pang'onopang'ono, mfundo yolekanitsa mbali ya dziko anayamba mawonekedwe pamodzi. Mu mbiri akale Arab anazilemba madzi kunja kwa Volga ndi Kama mitsinje. The French ankakhulupirira kuti kugawa mzere athamanga pamodzi ndi bedi la mtsinje ob.

Mu 1730, akhazikitse malire a ku chigwa cha mapiri a Ural asankha Swedish wasayansi Stralenberg. Umunthu chiphunzitso pang'ono kale mu ntchito zawo kukopera ndipo zafotokozedwa Russian wazamulungu Vladimir Tatishchev. Iye anabalalitsa lingaliro yolekanitsa mbali ya dziko yekha pa mitsinje ya Russian Ufumu. Malinga ndi iye, m'malire a dziko la Asia ndi Ulaya ayenera kuchitidwa ndi Wamkulu lamba gombe la Caspian Nyanja ndi mapiri Taurisskih. Motero, onsewo chiphunzitso anayamba mu umodzi - kupatulidwa akuthamanga pamodzi lokwera m'dera Ural.

Kwa kanthawi lingaliro Stralenberg Tatishcheva ndi anzawo. M'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa kuzindikira za kudalirika kwa chiweruzo chawo zinaonetsera zolemba za Polunin, Falk, Shchurovsky. Chinthu chokha ofufuza za sanagwirizane, kuti pochita malire a Miass.

Back mu 1790 ku malo, Sitimayo inagunda akufuna kuchepetsa kulekana kwa otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa mtsinje wa Volga, General Syrt, Manych ndi Ergeni. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuti Asia anali Caspian m'zigwa. Mu zaka za m'ma 19, malire anali anakankhira mmbuyo pang'ono kumadzulo - kwa Emba mtsinje.

kutsimikizira mfundo za

Mu April 2010, Russian Society of Geographers anakonza zikuluzikulu ulendo ndi gawo la Kazakhstan. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi anatchulidwa kafukufuku ambiri maganizo ndale pa mzere kugawa mbali ya dziko - (. Onani pansipa chithunzi) a lokwera. M'malire a dziko la Europe ndi Asia anali chichitike pa mbali ya kum'mwera ya phiri Ural. Chifukwa cha ulendo wa asayansi anatsimikiza kuti magawano ndi mtunda pang'ono kuchokera Chrysostom. Komanso Ural Mountains ndisungunuka ndi katundu anasonyeza olamulira. M'dera lino, mapiri anawagawa kufanana angapo.

Pakati ofufuza ndi vuto chimene mwa zitunda wosweka tikambirane mbali malire a dziko. Pa maulendowa ndi zina izo wapezeka kuti kulekana zolondola ziyenera kuchitika pa gombe la mitsinje Emba ndi Ural. Only amatha bwinobwino malire woona m'dzikoli.

Baibulo lina chinali kukhazikitsa olamulira wa Korinto kugawa opuma Caspian maganizo. Malipoti asayansi Russian atatengedwa kupita ku nkhani Komabe, kuganizira wa bungwe la International telefoni Union, iwo sanadikire.

malire zamakono

Kwa nthawi yaitali maganizo andale sanalole ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia kugwirizana pa gulu lomaliza la dziko. Komabe, m'zaka 20 mochedwa, tanthauzo nduna ya malire ndi unagwiritsabe. mbali zonse anapita ku mfundo za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Pakali pano, gulu la Europe ndi Asia udzadutsa olamulira ya Aegean, Marmara, Black Sea ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, ndi Bosporus ndi Dardanelles, madzi a Urals kwa Ocean Arctic. malire Izi ankaimira mu Buku la mapu mayiko lawolawo. Choncho, Urals - mtsinje yekha pa Ulaya ndi Asia, imene magawano.

Mwalamulo, Azerbaijan ndi Georgia ndi mwina pa malire a m'mbali zonse za dziko. Istanbul ndi anachita mzinda transcontinental wa Bosporus ndi Chalk kwa Asia, ndi Ulaya. Nkhani yofanana ndi ndi dziko lonse ndi Turkey. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mzinda wa Rostov komanso limabweretsa Asia, ngakhale ili m'dera la Russia.

Yeniyeni gulu la Urals ndi

Funso ili m'malire olamulira a mbali ya dziko mwadzidzidzi anapeza mtsutsano wotanganidwa pakati pa nzika ndi akuluakulu Ekaterinburg. Popeza kuti mzinda uno pa Ulaya ndi Asia panopa dazeni ochepa Makilomita ku ochiritsira zone magawano. Polingalira za mofulumira Kupititsa kukula kwa Yekaterinburg posachedwapa ndilandire tsoka la Istanbul, kukhala transcontinental. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti 17 Km from Novo-Moscow khwalala ali kumanga chikumbutso, kusonyeza malire a mbali kuwala. Chachilendo vuto ali kufupi ndi mzinda. Palinso madzi kwambiri, ndi m'mapiri, ndi midzi anthu. Pa nthawi imeneyi malire akuthamanga limodzi okulira wa Middle Urals, motalika monga malo amenewa kukhala mu Europe. Izi imakhudzanso Novouralsk, ndi mapiri kukatentha, Birch, Varnachya, Hrastalnaya ndi Nyanja Chusovskoye. Zimenezi amatulutsa chikaiko pa chikonzero cha ntchito yomanga Novo-Moscow malire msewu chikumbutso.

boma transcontinental

Pakali pano, Russia - dziko yaikulu pa malo m'malire Europe ndi Asia. Mfundo zimenezi analengeza kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 pa udachitikira ku UN. Okwana pali asanu limati transcontinental, kuphatikizapo la Russia.

Zinazo ayenera allocated Kazakhstan. dziko ili si mbali ya Council of Europe, kapena kuti mnzake Asian. Mu mabwalo a ndi mamita lalikulu miliyoni 2,7. Km ndi anthu anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 17,5 Ali ndi kayimidwe intercontinental. Lero ndi mbali ya Eurasian Community.

Mu ulamuliro wa Mayiko a ku Ulaya akuphatikizapo mayiko ngati malire ngati Armenia ndi Cyprus komanso Turkey, Georgia ndi Azerbaijan. Ndi Russia asapita atsimikiziridwa okha anavomera nthawi malire. limati onsewa amaonedwa transcontinental. Nokha mwa iwo Turkey. Iwo okha amatenga 783 000 mamita lalikulu. Km, koma ndi chimodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri malonda ndi njira ya Europe ndi ku Asia. Pakuti chikoka mu dera akadali akulimbana oimira NATO ndi European Union. Chiwerengero pano anthu oposa 81 miliyoni. Turkey ali ndi kuchoka mwachindunji nyanja zinayi izi: Mediterranean, Nyanja Black, Marmara ndi Aegean. Iwo akugawana malire ndi maiko eyiti, kuphatikizapo Greece, Syria ndi Bulgaria.

milatho transcontinental

Okwana nyumba onse akhala anakhala kuposa $ 1.5 biliyoni. Mlatho waukulu pakati pa Asia ndi Ulaya lagona mwa Bosphorus. m'litali ndi makilomita oposa 1.5 ndi m'lifupi 33 m. Bosphurus mlatho inaimitsidwa, i.e. ndi chikukonzekera yaikulu inali pamwamba, ndi kapangidwe iyoyomwe mawonekedwe a Arc ndi. Kutalika kwa mfundo yaikulu ndi wofanana ndi mamita 165.

Mlatho palibe kwabasi osiyana, koma amaona waukulu intercontinental chizindikiro cha Istanbul. Kumangira boma kuti pafupifupi theka $ 200 miliyoni. Dziwani kuti oyenda pansi kukwera mlatho ndi koletsedwa, kupewa milandu kudzipha. Directions kwa ndalama zoyendera. Mukhozanso kusankha milatho malire mu Orenburg ndi Rostov.

commemoratives Transcontinental

Ambiri zipilala la ili mu Urals, Kazakhstan ndi Istanbul. chikumbutso chizindikiro pa Khwalala ya Ugra Bowl ikhale ya anthu. Inkakhala pa chilumba cha Vaigach ndi mfundo kumpoto kwa malire pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia.

Oika kum'mawa transcontinental olamulira ndondomeko amalembedwa mu umalandira kumtunda kwa mtsinje Malaya Shchuchya.

Kuyambira zipilala zipilala akhoza olekanitsidwa m'mudzi wa Providence, ku siteshoni Ural lokwera, pa chiphaso Sinegorsk, Phiri kukatentha, Magnitogorsk neri Al.