Kusungitsa nyama zimam'patsa. Reserve chakudya muchipindachi nyama glycogen kapena wowuma? Monga malo zimam'patsa otchedwa maselo nyama?

Onse ntchito amuzolengedwa ya maselo nyama akhoza limafotokozedwa mwachidule mu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awiri: "sitolo" ndi "ndalama". Wamng'ono thupi, zambiri za ndondomeko ya kaphatikizidwe ndipo kudzikundikira zinthu organic adzakhala amachuluka pa pogawanikana pamawere awo ndi ndalama. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: kukula ndi "kumanga" thupi lanu, muyenera kwambiri chuma pulasitiki ndipo, ndithudi, mphamvu. Waukulu maselo kumanga mfundo ndi mapuloteni, lalikulu ndi pawiri kupereka mphamvu - glycogen.

Amakuona ngati nkhokwe malo zimam'patsa mu chiwindi ndi chigoba minofu ya nyama: onse, anthu ndi nyama. Kuphunzira katundu wake ndipo adzakhala odzipereka pa ntchito imeneyi.

Kodi ndi pamene ife tiri kuwonjezera

Pa mlingo wa nyama maselo mankhwala organic ndi apanga ndi atasunga mayunitsi ake structural - organelles. Mapuloteni apanga mu ribosomes, lipids, ndi chakudya - mu mitsinje ya yosalala endoplasmic reticulum. Mu nyama m'matangadza zinthu organic anapeza mu chigoba minofu, chiwindi, subcutaneous mafuta ndi England. nyama zimam'patsa yopuma ndi glycogen, amene apanga ku shuga uli mu magazi.

Iwo aumbike monga mankhwala zakudya dissimilation, monga, makamaka masamba wowuma: mkate, mbatata, mpunga. zinthu izi zikugwetsedwa pansi mu kamwa, m'mimba, ndi duodenum. Kuti ndi kuvunda yaikulu. The shuga chifukwa imatsala mu capillaries mwazi wa villi za m'mimba kakang'ono ndipo kenako adatengedwa ndi magazi minofu ndi chiwindi, kumene apanga zimam'patsa malo a nyama ndi anthu.

glycogen Kodi

Ngakhale dzina la mankhwala alipo, mawu "glycosylation" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek amatanthauza "okoma", lili pafupi palibe kukoma. Ambiri mwina, dzina limasonyeza kuti adzaupereka kwa gulu la chakudya zovuta, amene ali otsala a shuga, chokoma kwenikweni kukoma. Glycogen ali mawonekedwe a ufa woyera structureless. Ndi hydrophilic ndipo ndipamene njira colloidal ofanana ndi mkaka. Monga malo zimam'patsa mu selo nyama, polysaccharide ndi hydrolyzed mu malo acidic mu magawo angapo. The mankhwala a mogwirizana ake ndi madzi ndi dextrins, mopitirira - maltose, ndipo potsiriza, shuga. Pamene osakaniza polima ali mawonekedwe a glycogen nthambi unyolo mamolekyulu ya misa osiyanasiyana.

katundu amuzolengedwa

Tikakhazikitsa chakuti glycogen ndi malo zimam'patsa maselo nyama. Reserve nthumwi za mtundu uwu kukumana mu cytoplasm wa hepatocytes, leukocytes ndi myocyte awiri ndondomeko zosiyana zosiyana. Origin: dissimilation, zikubweretsa kumasula a mamolekyulu shuga ndi chachiwiri - kuloŵerera, omwe anamasuliridwa mu wapadera owonjezera shuga polima - glycogen. Iwo amasonkhana mu thupi ndi sitolo mphamvu ntchito mu ndondomeko zinyama ndi anthu.

Monga wowuma apanga nyama

Kumbukirani kuti, kuchokera mankhwala amazionera, ndi pawiri macromolecular - polima ndi zatsalira ndi monomer ndi α-D shuga. Kuti zogwirizana ndi nsinga glycosidic, kutsegula chofunika ie "swaying" Sigma-chomangira mpweya mafupa hexose. Izi zimatheka mwa otchedwa hexokinase anachita. Animal malo zimam'patsa apanga ochokera shuga-6-mankwala. mankhwala - mankhwala a hexokinase anachita. The puloteni catalyzes tatchulawa limagwirira uli mu cytoplasm maselo a impsyo, mucosal wosanjikiza za m'mimba olemekezeka ndi chiwindi nyama ndi anthu.

Kutha kwa glycogen

Monga taona kale, malo chakudya maselo nyama wowuma - glycogen. maphunziro amuzolengedwa anasonyeza kuti pogawanikana pamawere ake simungakhoze kutenga malo opanda nawo ndi puloteni yeniyeni - phosphorylase. Iwo amagwira ntchito mu sing'anga acidic pamaso pa mamolekyulu zochita kupanga mankwala. Sam enzyme amakhala yogwira mchikakamizo cha timadzi pancreatic - glucagon. kukhalapo kwake mu magazi limasonyeza kuti mlingo wa shuga mu otsika ake. Choncho, nyama chamoyo mobilizes malo chakudya - glycogen ndi kuyamba kuphwanyaphwanya, kuti kwambiri shuga gawo.

Zimenezi amatchedwa glycogenolysis. Neurophysiologists anapeza kuti mahomoni nkhawa - zikuwonjezereka masiku ano ndi noradrenaline opangidwa ndi zopangitsa kwa adrenal, komanso kuwaganizira glycogenolysis.

Chiwindi ndi ntchito ka kagayidwe chakudya

Mu zamoyo, yaikulu m'mimba England nyama otchedwa amuzolengedwa fakitale. Inde, kwambiri ndi zochita enzymatic kuti kuonetsetsa nzeru kanthu ndi mphamvu, mwachitsanzo kagayidwe. Monga kale, malo chakudya muchipindachi nyama glycogen. kuwola ake msanga kuyambitsa machulukitsidwe shuga magazi - ndiwo mphamvu nyama zonse ndi anthu.

Anataya wowuma nyama kulipidwa mu matupi awo ndi kulandira zakudya kukhuthala: mbatata, chimanga ndi mpunga. Onse mankhwala imvera kudzitsitsa kapepala kakuti m'mimba, ndi shuga chifukwa amalowa m'magazi, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko - maselo, makamaka chigoba minofu ndi chiwindi. Iwo apanga wowuma nyama enzyme ndi - glyukopirofosforilazy.

Kodi njira zimachitika minofu chigoba

Monga mu chiwindi, mu myocyte - ena a minofu, kudziunjikira wowuma nyama. Popeza minofu misa ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa kulemera kwa chiwindi, ndi glycogen okhutitsidwa iwo ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Pa zolimbitsa wowuma nyama akuyamba linagawanika. asidi Lactic aumbike chifukwa glycolysis, chimatilowetsa m'magazi ndi ikuchitika kwa chiwindi ndi impso maselo. Mu iwo awiri mamolekyulu lactic asidi apanga pa Mfuko la shuga, limene analimasulira mu malo polysaccharide. Zimene kumachitika ntchito mphamvu ya ATP. Choncho, selo m'malo zimam'patsa nyama glycogen anasonkhanitsa ndi myocytes, hepatocytes, aimpso maselo yokhudza kotekisi, maselo m'mnyewa wamtima m'mapapo.

Udindo wa enzyme mu kagayidwe wa wowuma nyama

Monga kwanenedwera kale, m'malo maselo nyama zimam'patsa otchedwa glycogen. Chifukwa cha awiri malangizo matanthauzo ufalikire kagayidwe kuti: fission ndi maphatikizidwe, kumakhalanso nawo motero. kutembenuka tonse shuga mu glycogen ndi kumbuyo zimatheka pamene nawo motero ndi zovuta dongosolo enzyme. Pamafunikanso glikogenogeneza catalysts monga phosphoglucomutase (otembenuka shuga 6-mankwala kuti shuga-1-mankwala) ndi UDF- glyukopirofosforilaza (irreversibility amapereka glycogen kaphatikizidwe). zochita pogawanikana pamawere zidzachitika pamaso pa glycogen ndi michere awiri sequentially lamamatira mu glycogen nthambi unyolo mbali. Dongosolo la puloteni tatchulawa amachita yekha nzeru glycogen m'chipinda heterotrophic nyama, kotero yankho lolondola pa chiyeso funso: chakudya otetezedwa maselo nyama: 1.Krahmal 2 Glycogen? - Ndi mfundo pa nambala 2.

Zimam'patsa kagayidwe ndipo zotsatira zake

Kutengera pa mfundo pamwamba anapatsidwa tapeza kuti malo zimam'patsa mu selo nyama glycogen. Kupondelezedwa kwa kagayidwe yake chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri ya zifukwa. The choyamba - cholakwa mu zakudya ndi moyo, wachiwiri - vuto lobadwa mu kachitidwe enzyme za thupi. Khalani a michere zokhudza izo, ndi udindo onse akuwaza wa wowuma nyama, ndi digiri ake a shuga anapeza m'magazi. Choncho pathologies kuoneka ngati zochita za kagayidwe pulasitiki, ndi mphamvu. Iwo amatchedwa glycogen. Linanena pamwamba, m'malo zimam'patsa mu selo nyama glycogen amasonkhana makamaka chiwindi ndi minofu chigoba. Choncho, mitundu iwiri ya syndromes: minofu ndi chiwindi etiology. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo Glycogen yosungirako matenda mtundu V. Wodwala sangabereke enzyme phosphorylase. Zimenezi zimabweretsa maonekedwe mu mkodzo hromoproteidov - myoglobin anamasulidwa pa ntchito yambiri thupi. Izi zimachititsa kuwonongedwa kwa minofu minofu ndi maonekedwe a limati convulsive.

Syndrome chiwindi monga matenda Gierke a. Kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuyambira ukhanda. Odwala maselo chiwindi alibe enzyme amasintha mankhwala yoyamba ya pogawanikana pamawere wa glycogen kwa shuga m'magazi wodwalayo choncho pali mlingo wochepa kwambiri shuga (gipoglikimiya) ndi acetone mu mkodzo aonekera, kuchititsa kuledzera wa chamoyo.

M'nkhaniyi tiona kufufuza njira ya kagayidwe wowuma nyama - Glycogen osefukira zolengedwa zoyamwitsa ndi anthu maselo.