Amblyopia - ndichiyani? Amblyopia Ana: pamlingo ndi mankhwala

Malinga ndi zomwe posachedwapa, amblyopia anapezeka mu 2% ya akulu mu dziko lathu, koma ana zinthu yosiyana, monga zatsimikiziridwa mwa apilo kawirikawiri zipatala diso kapena apadera zipatala. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri a makolo achinyamata sindikudziwa chomwe ndi amblyopia ana, ndipo sakudziwa zizindikiro zake komanso za zingachitike. Choncho yankho la funso limeneli ndipo anadzipereka nkhani lero.

amblyopia Kodi

kudwala ichi, chimene chimatchedwa "aulesi" diso, yodziwika ndi kuchepa kusintha mu masomphenya amodzi kapena maso onse zochepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa matenda osiyanasiyana zinchito monga strabismus, kudwala pansi diso mathithi. Chifukwa cha ichi kusokonezedwa HIV ndi kuzindikira mokwanira za chifanocho. Motero, munthu amaona awiri zithunzi zosiyana kwambiri m'malo chochuluka munthu, kotero kuti ntchito ya diso limodzi liyamba anapondereza ndipo m'kupita iwonongeke. Monga amadziwika, ngati chiwalo chimodzi sachiza anthu, izo manja pa nthawi. Choncho, mankhwala ndi mwamsanga, mpata bwino kuchira zonse za mwanayo. Koma ichi uli mu dongosolo.

mitundu ya amblyopia

Mafunso amblyopia - icho chiri, ziyenera anati, kuti matenda akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi pathologies zina zomwe zingachititse kuti kuchepa acuity zithunzi. Choncho, kupewa cholakwa, taganizirani mitundu ya amblyopia.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu pulayimale ndi sekondale. Pakuti oti:

1. Refractive amblyopia, lomwe limapezeka mu ana ndi mochedwa refractive zolakwa uphungu. Kuonetsetsa munthu amaganiza, wachiphamaso amaganiza, symmetrical ndi asymmetrical.
2. Strabismic amblyopia. Monga mukhoza kale ndikuganiza, zochokera matenda ndi matenda a masomphenya binocular, amene chikwiyire ndi squint ndi kusowa chithandizo yake. Monga mchitidwe limasonyeza, kudwala kumeneku kumaonekera bwino pa diso kuti squints.
3. Obwerawa amblyopia, amene anasonyeza wosiyanasiyana mitundu refractive ndi strabismic.
4. Osaneneka amblyopia. Kutsitsa Pankhaniyi amapezeka matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa mwina kupwetekedwa maganizo.

About amblyopia sekondale ayenera kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha matenda akhoza kukhala kudwala wa limba zithunzi, limene bwinobwino mwake. Koma chifukwa cha ichi akanatha chinachitika ndi Wopanda view.

Pamafunikanso:

1. Amblyopia chiyambi samveka amene anaonekera chifukwa cha matenda zithunzi limba, kumathandiza maonekedwe a zithunzi pa diso. Mwa maonekedwe ambiri olekanitsidwa kobadwa nako kapena kugula ng'ala. Mawonekedwe samveka zingaoneke monga munthu kapena maso onse.
2. Neurogenic amblyopia. Chifukwa mwina nthenda ya mitsempha chamawonedwe. Nthawi kuchira kwathunthu ndi kuliika lero. Tikumbukenso kuti mankhwala a matenda lidzayamba pambuyo opaleshoni.
3. Makulopaticheskuyu. Iwo kulephereka pambuyo osauka matenda a chapakati ndi paracentral m'madera retinal.
4. Nystagmic amblyopia. Otchedwa pamene kuchepetsa nthawi ya ulendo wanu m'chifanizo cha m'dera lapakati retinal.
5. Tikaphatikiza amblyopia. Kumaonetsa mitundu mitundu pamwambapa.

Strabismus mu amblyopia

Koma zosiyanasiyana onse zimayambitsa amblyopia, apambana mwa iwo akadali squint. Monga amadziwika, wabwinobwino minofu diso kusuntha pamodzi, motero kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ya thupi. Koma mwambo wa wonongeka minofu chimodzi pali vuto ndi kasamalidwe gululi, kuti ndiyo kukhala squint, kenako amblyopia diso ndi apo. Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti strabismus ndi amblyopia - Walira wa ndalama yomweyo.

Wa zifukwa ambiri kuti azitsogolera pa kufooka minofu, kumasulidwa:

1. Hyperopia.
2. Kuphwanya mu psyche lapansi.
3. Kuwonongeka kwa maso.

symptomatology

Zizindikiro ambiri matenda monga:

1. Ndichepe mu acuity zooneka ndi maso limodzi kapena onse.
2. Pafupipafupi chizungulire kugwirizana ndi maganizo osauka zinthu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena.
3. Mavuto pa maphunziro.
4. Kupatuka maso zosiyana kuchokera kumbali ya maso.

diagnostics

Monga tanena yankho ku funso la amblyopia - chimene icho chiri, ndipo adzakhala odzipereka kwa nkhaniyi. Choncho tiyeni titenge nkhani ya diagnostivanii matenda. Choncho, ana kuchita njira zosiyana.

Viziometriya

Monga ulamuliro, mu m'badwo uliwonse mwana ali Mzere zapadera acuity zithunzi. Koma ntchito optometrist ayenera kuzindikira apamwamba zithunzi acuity popanda kudzudzulidwa ndi kusintha. Mbali yapadera ya viziometrii ana monga:

1. Mafotokozedwe pamaso mayeso, ngati mwanayo bwino zithunzi zimene tikuonera tebulo.
2. Woyeza ndi zonse nahvalivaniyami mwana ngati iye amayankha molondola.
3. Kudziwa mlingo wotsikitsitsa acuity zithunzi bwino kubwereza kafukufuku mu masiku pang'ono, ndipo inu muyenera kuyamba ndi diso, amene anasonyeza chifukwa koipa.

Mbali yofunika ya kafukufukuyu mosamala ananena mwanayo ndi cholinga kuyesetsa kuti squinting zotheka.

refractometry

Ndi mumalimba, pali amblyopia ana kapena ayi. Zimachitika mosamala ngati ntchito refractometer kapena keratofraktometra. Yofunika kwambiri pogwira matenda mwana akusewera ndi mayikidwe zolondola chipangizo. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti chida magawo chachikulu angakhale osiyana pang'ono ndi wotsatira, kotero matenda tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mobwerezabwereza kangapo kutsimikiza matenda a "maso amblyopia."

madigiri

Pakali pano, madotolo ndi madigiri kutsatira amblyopia:

1. otsika kwambiri mmene - zithunzi acuity 0.8-0.9.
2. Low - 0.5-0.7.
3. Amblyopia zolimbitsa - 0.3-0.4.
4. Mkulu - 0.05-0.2.
5. kwambiri - acuity pansipa 0,05.

kwambiri Amblyopia nthawi limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya binocular.

Amblyopia Ana: Chithandizo

Pamene matenda a "amblyopia", mankhwala akhoza kukhala ndiwofatsa komanso ntchito.

Zofunika! The chizindikiro cha acuity zithunzi pambuyo opaleshoni vliyaeyut digiri amblyopia.

Kotero, zoyenera kuchita ngati anapezeka ndi amblyopia ana? Chithandizo zambiri akuyamba ndi occlusion ndi kudzudzula kuwala ndi zithunzi penalization mankhwala.

kudzudzulidwa kuwala

Pamene Kupeza Vuto mwana amblyopia, amene anatsagana ndi ametropia, chikhalidwe mankhwala bwino ndi kuika ndi magalasi okhazikika avale kapena magalasi. chidwi kwambiri pamaso pa madigiri mkulu wa cholakwa refractive unafunika kusankha magalasi apamwamba, aspherical zofunika, kuyambira magalasi awa ogwira kwambiri kuwala zone, chimene chiri chofunika mankhwalawa amblyopia.

Ntchito occlusion

Kugwiritsa occlusion ndicho muyezo mankhwala dziko. Occlusion ndi:

1. Direct (bwinobwino anatseka ataona diso).
2. Chigamulocho (pamene diso chatsekedwa, imene zithunzi acuity ndi zochepa).
3. Alternating (taphunzira diso kutsekedwa).

nthawi kungakhale:

1. Nthawi zonse.
2. Tsankho.
3. Osachepera.

Mfundo ikugwira ntchito mwa njira imeneyi ndiye kuti kumapangitsanso magwiridwe zoipa kupenya diso kupatula ku ntchito ya diso wathanzi. Monga mmene kuchita, mtima kwa njira imeneyi ana ochepera zaka 6 a m'badwo kwambiri poyerekeza achikulire. Ichi ndi chifukwa mavuto ena okhudzana mokulirapo ndi chinthu maganizo.

Chinthu chofunika mankhwala bwino ndi kuwukonza fixation eccentric.

Koma lamanja amatchula za ena zoyipa zimene zingachititse kuti njira occlusion. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Kutsitsa view pa diso wathanzi. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa kusasamala kwa makolo onse ndi madokotala.
2. Chitukuko kapena kulimbitsa strabismus.
3. Diplopia (masomphenya awiri a zinthu).
4. Mavuto ndi khungu.
5. Various matupi awo sagwirizana zochita.

Dziwani kuti imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe chachikulu cha kulephera chithandizocho mwa occlusion otchedwa kusowa chidwi ana okha yaitali atavala nsalu.

penalization

Penalization ndi njira ya chithandizo cha matenda, zolengedwa pamene yokumba Anisometropia ntchito ma zosiyanasiyana ndi chilangizo kuwala kwa olowa (by dokotala) kwa ntchito atropine diso imene kuchuluka pamwamba. Mfundo zimene atropine ndi kulenga blurring m'diso wathanzi pambuyo instillation, umene ntchitoyo adamulowetsa diso, amene amaona koipa. njira imeneyi, mosiyana occlusion ndi abwino kwambiri kwa ana komanso mogwira mtima kwambiri.

Koma musaiwale kuti nayenso ali ndi zoyipa. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Maonekedwe a redness pa khungu.
2. Kuyabwa mu diso.
3. Pafupipafupi mutu.
4. odwala mwakayakaya a.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira imeneyi ngati tsankho occlusion. Chili njira umalimbana kubwezeretsa kapena kuwongolera adani ndi kayendedwe ka mwana wa diso, ndi kuzindikira mu danga la malawi. Chifukwa chaichi, zipangizo zapadera, mwachitsanzo sinoptofor akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mmodzi mwa ubwino wa njira imeneyi akuti ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri nyengo mankhwala ndi milingo mokwanira mkulu wa acuity zithunzi.

Chithandizo cha amblyopia ndi strabismus

Monga tanena kale, chithandizo cha amblyopia akhoza anayamba pokhapokha kuwonongedwa kwa zimayambitsa. Ndipo ngati amblyopia anayamba ndi maziko a strabismus, choyamba kuthetsa izo. Pakali pano, pali mankhwala zingapo zimene mungachite kuti kudwala izi. Ndi ntchito ndi achire njira:

1. Pleoptika. Chithandizo ndi kulimbikitsa katundu pa diso kuti squints. Pofuna kukwaniritsa mawu amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito za ndondomeko yapadera laser ndi PC.
2. Orthoptics. Pankhaniyi, zipangizo Zofanana ndi PC mapulogalamu lakonzedwa kuti abwezeretse masomphenya ndi kuthetsa strabismus.
3. Diploptika. Kubwezeretsa masomphenya kunyumba.
4. Gwiritsani Zochita wapadera umalimbana patsogolo ntchito za minofu diso.

Nkofunika kuzindikira mfundo yakuti squint alibe pochitika ndi zaka monga ena molakwa. Komanso, ngati sikapola m'nthawi yake, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita kukumana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti zaka pazipita limene mankhwala strabismus zotsatira bwino - zaka 25.

Home Chithandizo

Chinyengo matenda imakhala chakuti pamene pali osakwanira khama pa chithandizo chake musabise zotheka. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kulimbikira ndi makolo, monga zambiri mwana akapezeka ndi amblyopia, sakuzindikira tanthauzo kuona bwino, monga kupezeka pa mlingo wa zikuoneka ponseponse. Choncho, m'pofunika kuphatikiza mankhwala mu zaumoyo ndi chithandizo cha amblyopia kunyumba. Ndipotu yekha ntchito anzake a banja lonse angathe kubweretsa yaitali ankamuyembekezera namfunsa chifukwa ngati masomphenya zabwino. Ndipo kuthandiza mu pulogalamuyi wapadera zochizira amblyopia kunyumba. Ngakhale aliyense pulogalamu n'kusankha aliyense payekha ndi dokotala, koma pali ena amagwiritsa ntchito yabwino aliyense.

Lezani nyale magetsi ndi

Kuti izi ndi wandiweyani wakuda pepala ndi mphamvu babu 80 W. Kenako, kudula bwalo la 8 mamilimita pepala awiri ndi kumata kuti babu. Kenako, mwana ayenera kutseka maso kuti akuona bwino, ndi masekondi 30 kuyang'ana babu kuwala, ndiyeno akusowekapo pepala cha pepala loyera, chisanadze kujambulidwa pa khoma. Onani muyenera chithunzi kwambiri limapezeka pa pepala. Chitani ayenera kubwereza mu miyezi 1-2, kangapo patsiku.

Chitani ndi lemba

Kutseka mwana wabwino kupenya diso bandeji. Tengani manja kale anakonza mtundu waung'ono, ndi kuzibweretsa izo kwa nkhope wachiwiri kwa mtunda pazipita pa zimene mwana amatha kuwerenga. Pambuyo pake, timayamba pang'onopang'ono kukankha lemba kufika mpaka Zimakhala zovuta kuwerenga. Bwerezani kukambiranako atasinthana maudindowo zimenezi kangapo.

Lezani nyale magetsi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri

Sankhani nyali ndi mphamvu pepala kwambiri wandiweyani ndi wakuda. Dulani therefrom kapu ndi dzenje (6 mamilimita awiri) pakati ndi kuvala izo nyale. Kenako kutseka kutsegula plenochkoj wofiira. Ikani nyali pa mtunda wa masentimita osachepera 40 kuchokera mwanayo ndi kutembenukira izo. ntchito mwana ndi kwa mphindi 3, popanda zododometsa za chirichonse, kuyang'ana pa nyali, ndipo makolo ndi masekondi 3, nyali lophimba osinthasintha.

Ntchito kung'anima

Muyenera kamera ndi kung'anima ndi pepala limene mungathe kujambula zithunzi kapena makalata. Ndondomeko ili: diso mwana mlingo wabweretsedwa kung'anima (pa mtunda wa osachepera 50 cm) ndi kuchita mndandanda wa ndimakwiya (10). Pambuyo mwana aliyense ali kuyang'ana pa pepala komanso kumvetsa zomwe zalembedwa mmenemo (a pepala anaika mwa mita kapena awiri). Analimbikitsa chiwerengero cha maphunziro patsiku maulendo 3 okwana - kwa miyezi 2.

Good kutsimikiziridwa ntchito zabwino kapena pakompyuta amene amafuna mwatsatanetsatane.

A ochepa nsonga

Pofuna kupewa kufunafuna yankho ku funso la amblyopia - icho chiri, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

1. Kuchita mayeso nthawi zodzitetezera pa maso pa.
2. Kudziwa mwana ngakhale pang'ono kufunika squint osachepera kutsimikiza kapena kutsutsa matenda pochita kafukufuku zofunika mu chipatala ophthalmic kapena apadera bungwe zachipatala.
3. Musati imautsa chitukuko cha strabismus zidole Wamkulu kapena zinthu yowala pafupi.
4. Kupereka zakudya mwana ndiponso kupewa mavuto.
5. Zonse chinkhoswe kudzipatsa chitukuko wake.
6. Pamene zizindikiro loyamba mavuto masomphenya yomweyo funsani katswiri.

Monga mmene kuchita, kuti madokotala ananena zawo za amblyopia bwino pamene nthawi wayamba mankhwala, koma pano izo ziri zofunika zotsatirazi:

1. kugwilizana okhwima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo onse a dokotala nawo.
2. Mtundu wa amblyopia.
3. Location maso.
4. Koyamba zithunzi acuity.
5. M'badwo wa gulu mtima.
6. Njira mankhwala.

Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukumbukira kuti ngati cholinga ndi pitirani, palibe chosatheka mu dziko. Koma tisaiwale kuti undertreated mtima m'tsogolo akanatha kulimbana kutayiratu masomphenya. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda, kudziwa pasadakhale yankho ku funso lakuti: "? Amblyopia - ndichiyani"