Amene Russian makina chipilala mu Moscow? Chipilala ilili loyamba

Pamaso ife tikupeza zimene Russian Kanema chipilala mu Moscow, ndi kumvetsa zimene ndege imeneyi. Akuti yokumba Kanema ya Dziko Lapansi, analengedwa ndi manja a anthu (mosiyana ndi Moon, ndilo Kanema zachilengedwe) kuyendera njira mu mawonekedwe a ellipse padziko Lapansi pamodzi ndi mpita geostationary. Kuti makina mbapita kanjira izi, ndikofunikira kuti liwiro lake anali kuposa malo oyamba, koma pasanathe danga chachiwiri.

mlingo malo makina yokumba

Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthambi zonse yokumba ayenera kuuluka mu danga pa liwiro la makilomita oposa 7.9 \ m, kuti sangagwelenso ku padziko lapansi, koma pasanathe 11.2 Km \ m kuti kusamukira ku malo lotseguka. Onani kuti yoyamba ndi yachiwiri dziko liwiro - osiyana matupi osiyana zakuthambo. Mwachitsanzo, wachiwiri kuthawa mathamangidwe kwa Moon ali yekha 2.4 Km \ m, ngati chinthu ichi ndi zosakwana dziko lathuli, ndi kwa wakuda dzenje mathamangidwe chofunika detach kuchokera mu mlengalenga lotseguka, ayenera kukhala woposa kuwala kumayendera. Mwina ndiye chifukwa chake mabowo wakuda palibe makina lachibadwa, kapena yokumba.

Chipilala ilili loyamba la Dziko unakhazikitsidwa patatha chaka chimodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipangizo ichi mu Moscow okwerera sitima ku Riga. dziko A amene wakutumani woyamba opangidwa spacecraft mu kanjira anali Soviet Union. The Launch wokha unachitikira pa chiyambi cha October 1957 ku Dipatimenti ya silikhali Research polygon "Bakuman Pali" omwe adzakhale cosmodrome "Baikonur". Kukonzekera ndege yoyamba inali kuposa khumi. Asogolera ntchito opanga roketi kudziwika injiniya Sergei Korolev.

Chophiphiritsa malo a Kanema pa chipilala cha

Chipilala ilili woyamba analengedwa ndi wamanga ndi zosemasema V.Kartsevym S.Kovnerom. Ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri-mita mkuwa chithunzi cha mwamuna wina yemwe anavala monga wantchito wina, amene amasunga pa dzanja anawonjezera oposa mpira pa izo tinyanga. Inde, malo amenewa ya Kanema yophiphiritsira, popeza ngakhale makina losavuta, amene anali Kanema koyamba kungakhale kulemera lolemera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, PS-1 yasonyezedwa mu gulu sculptural, chinkalemera pafupi 84 makilogalamu, inkakhala awiri hemispheres yaing'ono (mamita 0,58 awiri). Hemispheres anaponyedwa kuchokera aloyi zotayidwa affixed wina ndi mzake akapichi dazeni atatu. Losindikizidwa ndi chisindikizo yosavuta mphira.

Zoposa 1,400 zili m'njira padziko lapansili

ndi tinyanga awiri imakonzedwa pamwamba pa Kanema, aliyense amene ali ndi nthambi awiri mamita 2.4 ndi 2.9 Nchito ndi asayansi akwanitsa kuika mu siliva nthaka dongosolo accumulative (kulemedwa 50 kg), zimatulutsa kutentha, zimatulutsa kuthamanga, cabling, wailesi, imodzi ritsa machitidwe kwa chilangizo ndi fani. Satellite ukuzungulira dziko mu mphindi 96 ndi pang'ono, iye zoposa 1400 motsatana ndi kumanzere kanjira mu January 1958. Ndicho chimene Russian Kanema chipilala mu Moscow.

The chipilala ali awiri mu mzinda wina

Ngakhale kuti m'malo chipilala kuti m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, komanso awiri a chipilala pa malo mphamvu Rostov pa-Don. Mu mbiri ya Russia ano, kupambana izi moyo imeneyi mu chipilala kwa Mfumukazi wotsegulira mu 2007, October 4, tsiku la chikumbutso makumi asanu za kukhazikitsidwa kwa woyamba yokumba Earth Kanema.

Mchitidwe chosema anapita danga

Amene Russian makina chipilala mu Moscow posachedwapa? Mu 2012, pamaso pa Medico-Tizilombo Agency zovuta (Federal) ndaika chipilala, ozikidwa pa kapisozi pa Kanema, anapita molunjika ku malo ndi okwera zachilendo pa bolodi. Space oyeretsa m'badwo wotsiriza, makamaka inkakhala anyani, nthawi zina "makampani 'mitundu ina.

The chipangizo ndi nyama matani 6.3

Makina zolinga kwachilengedwenso (kuyamba zamoyo) ayamba kukhala OKB-1 (Kuibyshev Nthambi) pasanapite nthawi kuchokera ndege A.Gagarina mu danga kumayambiriro 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. peculiarity awo ndi kuti pambuyo kuwayika mu kanjira iwo kusamukira mode popanda okhudza lathu la machitidwe kupereka zotsatira oyera kwambiri a zatsopano mu zikhalidwe za weightlessness. The mayunitsi yoyamba ija angalemere pafupi 6.3 matani, matani 0,7 yekha ndi kulemera kwa zida palokha ndipo anasonyeza pa kanjira otsika mwa chonyamulira maroketi "Soyuz-U." nthawi zambiri "potumiza" anatengedwera kuchokera Plesetsk. Akuti pazipita ndege nthawi inali pafupi mwezi - izi zinali nthawi ya zotuluka pa moyo wa chinyama machitidwe thandizo, kenako makina pansi pa dongosolo parachuti kuti uthunthu mu Kazakhstan (pansi pa Kostanay).

Anathandiza kukhazikitsa malo

Chipilala mnzake wa chotero dongosolo anapereka mwayi. makina khumi okha ndi amene anayambitsa pakati pa 1973 ndi 1996, zomwe zinali mu kanjira faifi pafupifupi 19 masiku ndi zotsatira za maphunziro omwe apereka deta wonena za khalidwe la zamoyo m'malere. Apainiya mu 1973 pa mtundu wa zipangizo akhala 45 makoswe, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo wachitatu chapeza makhalidwe lonse. Ndipo mu njira ya ntchito pa Kanema chachinayi wakhala anamanga mfundo yofunika kwambiri - ukupeza makoswe omwe anali mu malo mu mini-centrifuge (yokumba yokoka), zinali bwino kuposa boma la mpumulo wa makoswe amene anali mfulu kugwa. Pomaliza panali kusintha minofu, kuchuluka mapazi fragility. Choncho, pano padziko lonse siteshoni danga anthu maola angapo tsiku kuthera pa masewero olimbitsa thupi kuti kuchepetsa mavuto a weightlessness pa thupi. Ndipo zonsezi wapezeka chifukwa makoswe.

Kodi kusankha mu "chombo"?

"Bion" - Kanema wa mndandanda chomwecho zipangizo, chimene chakhala redesigned pansi pulogalamu yapadera, kuyambira mu mothamanga chimodzi. Apa, chombo anayamba anyani rhesus, amene anali kutsirizitsa kapangidwe la chombo, monga nyama kwambiri zikuluzikulu ndi wanzeru kwambiri kuposa mitundu m'mbuyomo. zophwanya Angathe anasankhidwa mu Sukhumi nazale. The chombo ankapita yekha amuna, kusankha zinachitika pa zaka zitatu, kenako zaka ziwiri anathera pa maphunziro. Anyani analangizidwa kuti akanikizire batani osiyana, pedals ndi levers, malingana ndi zizindikiro pa bolodi kuwala. Pamene woyandikana, iwo anapereka rosehip maganizo, amene anamwa kupyolera nozzle wapadera. Macaques lililonse anaiika osiyana mkati kapisozi ndi kuthekera kukhudzana zithunzi kudzera m'mawindo wapadera.

Kuyambira chitsanzo cha anthu makumi awiri, maphunziro m'mbuyomu pa Baikonur munagwa theka khumi macaques, umene mwachindunji pa malo anasankha awiri ndipo perekani iwo dzina kuti afabeti. Choncho, mu malo ya anyani yoyamba kukaona Abrek ndi Bion (1983). Launch uyu anali ambiri sakhalitsa, maola asanu okha, ngati wina wa macaques ndi anamasula mphamvu ndi anang'amba maelekitirodi mutu, amene gawo wakhala anapatsa ubongo. Satellite bwinobwino inatera ndipo pambuyo konzanso wa chombo choyamba nyani kukakhala ku kennel a.

Kenako mu kanjira Chathu ndi oona (1985), kenako ruffling Sandman (1987). Launch uyunso adali si bwino kwambiri ngati kukupiza anamasulidwa ku kachitidwe kulamulira, kuwonjezera, dongosolo inawonongeka zakudya kundipatsako kwa anyani. Ilili anali yokokera pansi oyambirira, ndi ndegeyo zinali zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chinthu anakhala m'nkhalango yozizira ya Yakutia. Pafupifupi chombo, kuphatikizapo akadali ndi makoswe, nyongolotsi, newts, ntchentche anapulumuka, osati mwayi nsomba guppies. Sandman anatenga kusamuka kwa iyemwini, Fidel Castro, amatsimikizira iye pabwino ndi ulemu Cuba.

Onse anabwerera bwinobwino, koma ...

Kodi kapisozi waima pa chipilala chi "Bion"? Moscow walandira gawo la pa Kanema, amene anatenga mbali yachinayi mothamanga. Mkati dera woona, wazunguliridwa ndi chipilala kuti m'mafanizidwe a mapiko mu 1989 anatera danga macaque Zhakonya ndi Bully. Maulendo wotsatira mu 1992 ndi 1996, kunachitika ndi nawo silimba ndi Ivashov, komanso zojambula ndi Lapicque motero. Iwo onse anayamba kubwerera mwamtendere, zojambula yekha anali kale akadzafera mu dziko chifukwa tsankho kwa mankhwala, zomwe iye anachita ndege pa nthawi ya opaleshoni. Amadziwika kuti Crawshaw anakhala zaka zambiri atabwerera ku malo, ndi Lapik amakhala kennel mu Adler. Onsewo ndi ndege zawo, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina 37 ya nyama analola kutsimikizira kuti n'zotheka anthu yaitali kukhala mu mlengalenga. Ndicho chimene Russian Kanema chipilala mu Moscow, Volokolamsk Highway Omanga 30, Kumanga 1.