Atomu - ndi mbali indivisible ya nkhani

Atomu - ndi osachepera yofunika tinthu pa nkhaniyi. Ndi cent pakati padziko limene monga mapulaneti mozungulira dzuwa, ma elekitironi atembenuza. Oddly okwanira, koma tinthu zing'onozing'ono anatulukira ndipo anakonza chiphunzitso cha izo apobe wakale Greek ndi wakale Indian asayansi alibe zipangizo moyenera kapena chimango ongolankhula. kuwerengetsera awo kwa zaka analipo mu udindo wa malingaliro, ndipo ndi m'zaka za m'ma 17, akatswiri anatha experimentally kutsimikizira zotuluka pa ziphunzitso akale. Koma sayansi mofulumira ikupita patsogolo, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, asayansi atulukira zigawo subatomic ndi kapangidwe ka particles. Zinali ndiye kuti anali limatsutsa tanthauzo la atomu monga "indivisible". Komabe, lingaliro kale analowa ntchito sayansi, ndi osungidwa.

Akatswiri akale ankaganiza kuti maatomu - ndalama wapamwamba-ka nkhani iliyonse. Kuyambira mawonekedwe awo, massiveness, mtundu ndi magawo ena zimadalira thupi katundu wa thunthu. Mwachitsanzo, Demokrit ankakhulupirira kuti moto maatomu lakuthwa kwambiri, chifukwa yoyaka, zolimba particles ndi pamalo akhakula zomwe kwambiri Ufumuyo mzake, maatomu madzi - kusalaza ndi poterera, monga opatsa fluidity madzi. Ngakhale moyo wa munthu Democritus anakhulupirira wopangidwa kugwirizana zosakhalitsa maatomu omwe apasuke pamene munthu amafa.

More dongosolo ano akufuna m'zaka za m'ma 20 Japanese wasayansi Nagaoka. Iye anayambitsa chitukuko ongolankhula, chomwe chakuti maatomu - dongosolo mapulaneti lonse tosaoneka ndi matabwa ake ndi ofanana ndi dongosolo Saturn. Chotero eg silinali lolondola. Pafupi ndi chenicheni Bohr chitsanzo cha atomu-Rezerfrda, koma analephera chifukwa cha katundu zonse zofunikira magetsi a corpuscles lapansi. Only maganizo oti atomu - ndi dongosolo monga osati katundu tinthu, komanso kwadzidzidzi, akanakhoza kufotokoza chiwerengero chachikulu cha zenizeni anati.

Corpuscles akhoza kukhala mu mkhalidwe omangidwa, koma mungathe - mu ufulu. Mwachitsanzo, atomu mpweya munapanga molekyulu, payokha olumikizidwa kwa particles zina. Pambuyo kumaliseche za magetsi, mwachitsanzo, thunderstorms, izo amaphatikiza kwambiricho kapangidwe - azine, chomwe mamolekyulu triatomic. Choncho, kwa mtundu winawake wa mankhwala zofunika maatomu zinazake physico-mankhwala. Koma pali zikulumikizana wamphamvu pakati pa particles wa molekyulu ndi. Mwachitsanzo, asafe atomu olumikizidwa kwa ubale wina patatu, potero molekyulu amphamvu kwambiri ndipo kunalibe nkhani kusintha.

Ngati chiwerengero cha mapulotoni (tinthu pachimake) ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi, onsewo m'njira, atomu ndi electrically ndale. Ngati adzadziwire ndi palibe ndiye ndi tinthu ali oipa kapena abwino kumaliseche ndipo akutchedwa ion. Childs, particles izi mlandu anapanga ku maatomu mchikakamizo cha minda magetsi, radiations zachilengedwe osiyana kapena kutentha. The ayoni mankhwala hyperactive. maatomu izi mlandu akhoza pompopompo anatani ndi particles ena.