The chosema yaitali kwambiri Russia. Wotchuka Russian chosema. chithunzi

The chosema yaitali kwambiri Russia ndi pakatikati pa zikuluzikulu mapulani zikuchokera, odzipatulira kwa anthu otchuka ndi amphamvu a Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Chibolibolichi "limawatcha Mama" anamangidwa pa Mamayev Kurgan, pafupi Volgograd.

Magawo waukulu chosema

The chosema yaitali kwambiri Russia ndi chithunzi cha mkazi, amene mwamsanga kumapitirirabe kudzifunsa ana ake onse. Fano, womwenso pa maziko shestnadtsatimetrovom - mamita asanu mphambu awiri. Mu dzanja lamanja mkazi wake ndi amayi akugwira lupanga. m'litali ndi mamita atatu mphambu zitatu. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kwa lupanga - matani khumi ndi zinayi. Kutalika okwana chosema ndi mamita eyite-faifi.

magawo amenewa akusonyeza kupambana komanso mmene waukulu chipilala zovuta. Kulemera okwana fanolo - matani zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu.

Gulu, zomwe nawo chilengedwe cha polojekiti

Chithunzi cha mkazi ndi kutanthauzira makono a fano la mulungu wamkazi wa kupambana - wakale Nicky. Iye amalimbikitsa ana ake aakazi osati kupereka atangokanidwa mwachamuna mdani, koma kupitiriza tingalimbanirane. Ntchito yomanga chikumbukiro unali wofunika kwambiri pa dziko lonse. Boma sanasankhe yogwirira ntchito a magulu bwino kulenga chuma aliyense, ngakhale pa TV. The woyang'anira ntchito ndi zosemasema mkulu - Evgeniy Viktorovich Vuchetich. Iye anathandiza ndi mapulani ndi Belopol'skii Demin. polojekiti Komanso chinali Osema Novikov, oyendetsa ndi Tyurenkov. Onsewo kumapeto kwa pomanga Lenin Prize anali kupereka. Vucetich nayenso anakhala Hero wa Socialist Labor. Iye anali kupereka Gold Star.

Engineering gulu kuti ntchito pomanga chipilala inatsogolera IV Nikitin. Kenako, analenga Ostankino TV nsanja. polojekiti analinso mlangizi asilikali. Iwo anakhala polimbana VI Chuikov. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, mkulu wa asilikali analamula gulu kumbuyo Mamayev Kurgan. Patapita nthawi, kupereka ulemu m'manda mu chikumbutso pafupi ndi omenyana akufa.

yomanga

The chipilala "Mama limawatcha" inamangidwa wa 15/10/1967 yomanga uwu unakhalapo kuyambira May 1959 Pa nthawiyo anali chosema padziko lapansi, kotero mfundo zake zalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Records.

Chipilala zopangidwa prestressed midadada konkire. zikwi ziwiri mazana anai matani nyumba zitsulo zofunika kupanga awo. Konkire ntchito nthawi yomweyo matani zikwi zisanu mazana asanu. Ndipo ndi yopanda maziko, limene fano. The chosema yaitali kwambiri Russia waima pa bwalolo, kutalika amene mamita awiri okha. m'munsi Zimenezi, ikuchokera pa maziko chobisika mobisa.

Khoma makulidwe a chosema zopangidwa analimbitsa simenti, ndi ochepa. Ndi twente-faifi kwa masentimita makumi atatu. The chinthu chimodzimodzi ya chimango ndi amaperekedwa ndi a hugest nainte naini zingwe silikuyenda zitsulo. Iwo zili mkati chosema lapansi.

ntchito yobwezeretsa

Mu buku loyambirira la lupanga amene wagwirizira fano anapangidwa zosapanga dzimbiri. Kunja mchimake wake ndi mapepala titaniyamu. Komabe, mphepo yolimba anatenga lupanga. Zitsulo mapepala chinapokosera. Ndipo kotero mu 1972, linasintha mu tsamba anapanga kwathunthu ndi zitsulo fluoridated. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife kuchotsa mavuto ndi mphepo, kuwayika lupanga pamwamba pa khungu.

Fano apamwamba mu Russia, yomwe ndi chipilala yaikulu ya gulu loyimba chikumbutso Volgograd, mu mbiriyakale lonse linakhalapo linakhalanso kawiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba izi zinachitika mu 1972, ndiye m'malo tsamba lupanga. Mu 1986, linakhalanso ❖ kuyanika hydrophobic a fanolo.

Tanthauzo la chosema ndi

The chipilala "The Mama wacemera" EV Vucetic ali katundu kwambiri. umabereka wina zimakhudza maganizo pa aliyense wowerenga. Monga wolemba lakwaniritsa izi, aliyense wa ife akhoza mukuganiza. Anthu otsutsa kuti zinkaimbidwa chilengedwe cha adiresi (yomwe poyerekeza ndi Marseillaise pa Arc de Triomphe ku Paris), zodabwitsazi si anafotokoza. Ziboliboli anaona nkhondo mwankhanza koposa m'mbiri ya anthu. ntchito yake inali msonkho pokumbukira onse akugwa, ndi chikumbutso lopitirira moyo. Ndi luso lalikulu la zosemasema ndi walenga chipilala izi zazikulu.

Mbiri ya luso yaikulu

Nthawi yonse ya kukhalapo kwa dziko lathu wolemera zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Amatsanzira ziboliboli yaikulu Russia. Ambiri a iwo anakonzedwa ndi kuperekedwa, kuwonongedwa ndi kubadwanso kachiwiri. zipilala zonse zilipo ndi yaikulu chikhalidwe stratum a dziko.

Chidwi ziboliboli za classicism mu Russia. kalembedwe Izi luso European predominated m'zaka 17-19. Anthu ziboliboli kuti zinalengedwa nthawi imeneyi, yodziwika ndi chiyanjano ndi momveka mafano, chilango wosamalitsa, ndipo poise.

Choncho, zambiri mu mzinda 1846 chokongoletsedwa chipilala zosonyeza Mfumukazi Catherine II. Anaphedwa nthawi kuchokera 1782 mpaka 1788 mu Germany, iye nthawi yambiri mu ufumu wa banja Goncharov.

Ndithu chidwi ndi zipilala mbiri Petersburg classicism nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, yaikulu chithunzi kugwira a Alexander Ine, anali amatsatira IP Martos ndi chosema kuchokera nsangalabwi zina kuti adzipeza Orlovsky. Mu 1822, ndi kugwira anali mmodzi wa zipilala choyamba ufumu mkati mwa Stock Kusinthanitsa, ili Vasilyevsky Island. Kunanenedwa kuti Martos woona anatchuka chifukwa cha chipilala analengedwa ndi iwo, unakhazikitsidwa mu Moscow. Izi chosema yaikulu kwa Minin ndi Pozharsky (1818). Izi zinasonyeza alimbikitsa kuti wakhala khalidwe la anthu Russian pa nkhondo ya Napoleon.

Mpaka lero, St. Petersburg chipilala imakongoletsa IA Krylov, amene anaonekera mu 1855. Mawu kwambiri changwiro cha kalembedwe chakale anapeza ntchito ina yaikulu. Yakhala chipilala kuti Suvorov ndi ziboliboli M. Kozlowski. Commander wolemba amasonyezedwa ndi chishango ndi lupanga mu dzanja. Mu chithunzi ichi Suvorov chisanu mu gulu gusty. The chosema lonse Cholinga lithe lingaliro la kupambana ndi nzika. The chipilala, anaika pa Suvorov Square, ndi wina wa otchuka kwambiri.

Silver Age Chithunzi mu Russia analenga m'badwo achinyamata aluso. Salinso n'kudziphatika kwa chakale nafuna latsopano mitundu zithunzi za akatswiri awo. Yaikulu chosema nthawi imeneyi wakhala zazing'ono. The ntchito olemekezeka kwambiri mu nthawi imeneyi ndi chipilala kwa ndakatulo Pushkin, amene anamangidwira m'tauni ya Pushkin. Pakati kwambiri ziboliboli yaikulu Silver Age - chipilala kuti Alexander III. Ziboliboli Trubetskoy, amene analenga izo, anakhoza kukhala nacho chithunzithunzi cha mfumu mu modabwitsa limaonetseratu ndi pachimake mawonekedwe.

Nthawi Soviet

Ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks kuti ziboliboli akhala chimvele zofuna zapadera. Choyamba, iwo ayenera kuti anali wotchuka. Choncho, kulenga zithunzi za ziboliboli anakhala antchito a m'midzi ndi m'matauni asilikali ndi akuluakulu a anzeru Soviet. chipilala amayenera kuti ali ndi ganizo maganizo ndi kusonyeza moyo wamtendere wa anthu, komanso zochita zake amunamuna. ziboliboli yofunika ali ndi zinthu zenizeni. fano inali kuloza kwa njira ya chitukuko zakale zomwe chofanana pakati zakuthupi wa mbiri.

Manda kwambiri m'nthawi ya Soviet Union

ndi chosema yaitali Russia pambuyo fano "The Mama wacemera" n'chiyani? Tikukumbukira inamangidwa Murmansk. Iye anadzipereka kwa zokometsera wa dera kumalo ozizira ku Nazi adani. Chikumbutso anatsegula mu 1974. olemba ake ali ziboliboli ndi wamanga Brodsky Basil. Kutalika kwa chosema ya chikumbutso - mamita 35,5. Chipilala pedestal limatuluka kuti 45,5 m.

Pomaliza pa mndandanda wa mafano apamwamba limabweretsa Lenin chipilala anamangidwa mu Volgograd. Kutalika kwa pedestal ndi mamita 57.

Amadziwika padziko lonse ndi chipilala "wantchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Woman". chosema umenewu wakhala chizindikiro m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Mlembi dvadtsatipyatimetrovoy zikuchokera ndi Vera Muhina.