Mabacteria gawo lotetezedwa (SPZ): tanthauzo, miyeso, malamulo

Nkhani yolekanitsa makampani magulu ngozi komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabacteria yoyenera gawo lotetezedwa ndi zogwirizana Mabwana ambiri kupanga ndi mabungwe malonda. Dera limeneli ndi Lamulo zingapo zokhudza malamulo. Waukulu wa iwo mutuluka SanPin 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.

dera ntchito

mabacteria ukhondo ntchito kuti amange, mapulani, analamula, opareshoni, yatsopano, remodel alipo zomera mafakitale ndi maofesi. Malamulo chagwiritsidwa miyambo ya kulankhulana ndi zoyendera maukonde malonda, Catering, zofunikira komanso ulimi, kupanga woyendetsa. Iwo onse kumachita monga magwero a zimakhudza anthu thanzi ndi chilengedwe ozungulira.

zolinga

Malamulo chimatanthauza:

1. Hazard kalasi zipangizo kupanga ndi ntchito makampani.
2. Zofunika kwa Malo otetezedwa dera, zikhalidwe za younikanso awo.
3. Ndondomeko ndi njira imene kukhazikitsa malire a mabacteria ukhondo chifukwa cha munthu kapena maofesi awo.
4. Zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo apadera chitetezo.
5. Ndondomeko ya kayendetsedwe ndi zofuna za m'madera.
6. Zimafunika aya ukhondo chotupa woopsawo (njanji, payipi, msewu, mpweya, etc.).

nzika

Kukhazikika malamulo ukhondo ayenera kutsata ndi anthu malamulo ndi thupi amene ntchito zikukhudza Kusinthaku, zomangamanga, kukonza mapulani ndiponso ntchito. amafuna Wovomerezeka amagwiritsidwa anafuna kuti matupi ovomerezeka kusonyeza boma kuyang'aniridwa.

SanPiN: mabacteria ukhondo

Kuonetsetsa chitetezo nzika, malinga ndi Chilamulo Federal №52 ku 30 March 1999, padziko zomera ndi nyumba kuti atumikire monga magwero a zimakhudza anthu thanzi ndi chilengedwe, kuti akonze gawo wapadera ndi ulamuliro wapadera wa ntchito. Kukula zone ukhondo ayenera kuchepetsa chowawa thupi, mankhwala, zotsatira kwachilengedwenso pa mlengalenga mkati mwa magawo ena. Ndi magwiridwe malo awa kutumikira monga malire mutsogolo kukhazikitsidwa kwa yoyenera mlingo Zachitetezo pa ntchito njira mafakitale kapena kukonza zina mu mode yachibadwa.

mapulani

Umafuna kuwerengetsa zone mwaukhondo ndi zifukwa malinga ndi sikhala malo ake akuti mpweya ndi mmene zotsatira thupi pa iye. Chiwerengerochi chifukwa ayenera anatsimikizira Zotsatira za miyeso ndi kafukufuku. mabacteria ukhondo ntchito ndi akupangidwa mbali ziwiri:

1. Kuyambirira siteji. Kukonzekera zolembedwa malinga ndi mpweya kupezeka mawerengedwe ndi makhalidwe thupi (Phokoso, phokoso, EMI, etc ..).
2. Final sitepe (mnyumba zanu). m'dera ukhondo zakonzedwa malinga ndi zotsatira za kuzipenya kumunda, mayeso ndi miyezo kutsimikiza magawo analandira kale.

zazikulu zina

Muyezo, amene limatchula dera mabacteria ukhondo, - exceedance pa malire awo akunja ndi kunja kwa pazipita (Max) chovomerezeka ndende (MPC) kwa mpweya kuipitsa mankhwala midzi ndi milingo chovomerezeka (RC) mmene thupi. Magulu chuma mafakitale umodzi anapereka a ukhondo zone chitetezo (SPZ) ndi chizindikiro ambiri malasha ku malo mwa gawo lawo. Laboratory kwa Air Research ndi muyeso wa makhalidwe thupi izo zimagwiridwa pa mizere ya zigawo anakhazikitsa wapadera, mu mabungwe nyumba zatulutsidwa m'njira analamula kuti kuphedwa kwa ntchito zimenezi.

m'madera malire

Mwaukhondo chitetezo zone (SPZ) walembedwa mkati malire, malinga ndi makhalidwe umuna. Malinga ndi muyezo ichi, analola njira ziwiri za n'kupanga malemba:

1. Kwa anthu ena amene ali ndi thupi, mankhwala, zotsatira kwachilengedwenso pamaso pa zinthu sing'anga ndi mkulu popanga mpweya mkangano.
2. Ku munda mizere dziko a ulimi wa ntchito zachuma ndi kuphedwa malinga ndi ndondomeko anakhazikitsa, mpaka malire akunja m'njira anakonzeratu.

inawo, nayenso, ukhondo ogwira Zone anakhazikitsa:

1. Ku magwero mwamwayi ndi anzake. Izi njira ntchito pamene madera panja ya zida ndondomeko.
2. Pamene gulu la ulimi ndi magwero anagawira kudutsa m'dera mafakitale.
3. Pamaso pa maofesi otsika ndi pamwamba ndi nyumba, onyamula mpweya ozizira kutalika pafupifupi.

Ziletsozi ndi zilolezo

Kumadera ndi mitengo maziko choposa amafuna ukhondo, maofesi malawi, kumachita monga magwero kuipitsidwa ndi zotsatira thanzi la anthu saloledwa. kukhazikitsanso kapena redevelopment anapereka kutsitsa mitundu yonse ya kungasokoneze kwa MPC mu mavuto kwachilengedwenso ndi mankhwala, ndi mphamvu ya kutali kwa zinthu thupi saloledwa kwa makhazikitsidwe alipo ntchito mafakitale.

mabacteria ukhondo chitetezo ndi gulu ukhondo amakampani

Pamene mismatch dera malo apadera kumatanthauza pansi kafukufuku ndi chifukwa kuwerengetsa zowopseza a zofufuza kumunda ndi miyezo ya zotsatira thupi, kwachilengedwenso ndi mankhwala pa mlengalenga, chigamulo kukhazikitsa malire ake pa nthaka anatengedwa ndi chimake malinga ndi zomwe zipangitsa chitetezo pazipita thanzi la anthu okhala litadzala ndi nzika mfundo. mabacteria ukhondo chitetezo ndi makampani ukhondo gulu atsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mphamvu, ndipo zinthu opaleshoni, kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la mankhwala anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga, kwaiye kugwedera, phokoso ndi zinthu zina chokhwima. Indicators ndi magulu anapanga komanso poona miyeso envisaged kuchepetsa mavuto pa thanzi la munthu ndiponso moyo. Gulu zotsatirazi mabacteria ukhondo chitetezo:

• 1 maselo. - mamita 1000.
• 2 cl. - 500 m.
• 3 cl. - 300 meters.
• 4 maselo. - 100 m.
• 5 cl. - mamita 50.

Kuyenera ananena kuti Malamulo a m'mbuyomu a mabacteria ukhondo akhala kawiri. Mwachitsanzo, kalasi yoyamba -. 2000 mamita M'dzikoli kuchepetsa voliyumu kupanga sangachite monga maziko timalembanso danga analandira. zone ukhondo wa chinthu kwa zojambula ndi (chiwembu cha kulera dera lawo, dongosolo ambiri a mumzindawo ndi zina zotero.) Kunja kwa malo mafakitale ikusonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera zambiri.

Kuwonjezeka dziko

Malamulo pali zinthu zingapo pansi amene ogwira ntchito m'dera ukhondo akhoza zochuluka. Chiwerengero cha m'dera kuphatikizapo palibe nthawi zoposa zitatu. mabacteria ukhondo akhoza adakulabe mu matupi mokambilana ndi kumanga kasamalidwe mwaukhondo:

1. Malinga ndi mphamvu ya miyeso nkotheka kapena anapereka ulamuliro mpweya umuna.
2. Ngati ndi kotheka, muziika chitukuko zogona ku mbali leeward ponena za mafakitale m'gawo la kuipitsidwa zotheka mpweya.
3. Popeza njira kuyeretsedwa umuna.
4. Malinga ndi mphepo malangizo ndi zina zinthu chowawa mtunda.
5. Ngati n'zosatheka kuchepetsa kugwedera, phokoso, mafunde mu atomu RF ndi zoipa zina kuti alowe chilengedwe, mpaka malire chinanena mu malamulo.
6. Ndi kumanga latsopano, insufficiently kuphunzira zachilengedwe chuma.

Upo

mabacteria kapena mbali ukhondo kwake, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kukula kwa malo mafakitale. Area ayenera greened ndi landscaped. Kuchita izi, dongosolo lapadera chimakula. Linapangidwa imodzi ndi ntchito ya kukhazikitsanso kapena kumanga kupanga. Pamene akukonzekera kusintha ndi malo zogona (malo mayikidwe gawo zogona, maofesi chikhalidwe, ndi zina zotero.) Kodi kuli kofunika kupereka mitengo Mzere ndi zitsamba anabzala. m'lifupi ayenera kukhala osachepera 50 meters, pamene kachigawo zone gawo lotetezedwa ndi 100 mamita - osachepera 20 mamita kuonetsetsa mlingo woyenera wa chilengedwe bwino anapereka Malamulo zinthu zimene akhoza adzaikidwa mu mbali yapadera, komanso mwachindunji pa malo mafakitale.

zomangamanga nyukiliya

mabacteria ukhondo wa makhazikitsidwe nyukiliya anapereka chifukwa Art. 31 Chilamulo Federal nambala 170. Iwo analengedwa kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha umoyo wa anthu okhala kumadera nyukiliya magetsi, cheza gwero kapena kusunga malo zipangizo nyukiliya ndiponso zinthu. Area ndi malire a malo amenewa anafotokozedwa mu dongosolo motsatira malamulo chinanena mu munda wa ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya. Iye anavomera ndi ukhondo kasamalidwe matupi ndi ovomerezedwa ndi nyumba kuboma.

malamulo

Act pamwamba sangathe munkakhala mwa zinthu gawo lotetezedwa zone kumatanthauza. Zikuphatikizapo kuphatikizapo boma ndi maofesi zogona, malo kusamalira ana, umoyo ndi zosangalatsa nyumba, Catering, kupanga, zofunikira, komanso nyumba zina munda, sikugwirizana ndi machitidwe a unsembe nyukiliya ndi sinabweretse mu dongosolo anavomereza za gawolo. Yokonza maofesi a wogwila mu zone zolinga zachuma pamene inu kusintha chikhalidwe cha ntchito zawo amaloledwa pa ulaliki wa kampani utumiki, mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a boma, magulu a chitetezo.

Zambiri chidwi

Kufunika kukhazikitsa mabacteria amenewa, m'malire awo ndi malo akufotokozera dongosolo malinga ndi mikhalidwe ya chitetezo cha makhazikitsidwe nyukiliya. Magawo adapangana ndi matupi a ukhondo kasamalidwe. Pa malo kuzipenya mwina amalowerera zoletsa zina pa ntchito za ntchito zachuma mu chimango malamulo wogwila. Ngati malo a mtundu uwu ali m'gulu mabacteria ukhondo miyezo ya malipilo umoyo ndi zachuma ndi m'mayiko a. Iwo cholinga chipukuta misozi zinthu zina chiopsezo. Nzika komanso ataphimbidwa ndi miyeso pokonza mwadzidzidzi. Malipilo kumawononga chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa okwerera polojekiti ndi ukhondo zone chitetezo, kuyendetsedwa ndi woyendetsa mu chimango cha malamulo panopa.

Chikusintha hydrological boma

M'madera omwe ali pafupi ndi madzi a mitsinje, nyanja ndi zina pamwamba gidroistochnikov, anaika ukhondo madzi nthambi. Iwo pansi ulamuliro wapadera wa ntchito zachuma ndi zina. Izo umalimbana kupewa silting, kuipitsidwa, kuipitsidwa ndi zikutha m'mayiko zinthu, kusungitsa malo a nyama ndi zomera. Ndime amenewa anapanga mbali ya miyeso zachilengedwe umalimbana patsogolo chikhalidwe luso ndi ulamuliro hydrological, kusintha kwa magwero ndi mizere m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mu shelterbelts mabacteria anakhazikitsa, mwa zomwe zina miyeso kutipanikiza tikuuzidwa.

Limatchula za kuika malire

M'mphepete mwa nyanja m'dera ndi wolondera malire magulu mabacteria poteteza madzi, ntchito mode awo anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi nthaka, thupi, dera limene akukhala, hydrological ndi zina zinthu alili. Izi Ngowerengera kusintha Mapa mu coastlines. Border m'dera ndi tidzakwatulidwa ovomerezedwa ndi nyumba dera wamkulu pa beseni maganizo ndi matupi zina dera malamulo a ntchito ndi chitetezo cha hydrological Ministry of Natural Resources Fund, adapangana ndi mabungwe mwapadera ovomerezeka boma m'munda wa zoteteza chilengedwe, m'madipatimenti ukhondo-AIDS ndi maofesi a Federal Border Service, mkati yamtunduwu awo.

magawo

Amakhazikitsa zotsatirazi osachepera m'lifupi mabacteria chitetezo ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja n'kupanga zoteteza:

1. Kwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi oxbow nyanja - kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo pa kambiri a m'derali.
2. Pakuti zithaphwi - m'malire awo (ziro akuya madipoziti peat).
3. Kwa nyanja - pazipita malire a mafunde a.

M'lifupi osachepera atetezeke zone chitetezo kwa malo mtsinje, utali umene kuchokera ku gwero:

1. 10 Km - mamita 50.
2. 10 50 kukafika - 100 m.
3. 50-100 Km - mamita 200.
4. 100-200 Km - 300 m.
5. 200-500 Km - mamita 400.
6. 500 ndi zambiri - 500 m.

zinthu zofunika kwambiri

Kukhazikitsa zinthu zenizeni kuonedwa kuti akamaona M'lifupi mwa mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyanja, mitsinje ndi madamu. zinthu izi monga mitundu ya mayiko amene ali pafupi ndi gwero lake, ndi steepness wa malo otsetsereka. Mwachitsanzo, m'lifupi mwa nyanja pa ziro, kapena kuthetsa tsankho pamaso olimapo walembedwa mkati 15-30 m, zitsamba ndi nkhalango - mamita 35. Pamene madigiri oposa atatu otsetsereka., Pamaso pa zinthu zomwezo pafupi, ukuwonjezeka mtunda 55-100 m.

zinthu zoletsedwa

Lamulo pa chitetezo cha mabacteria chitetezo madzi ndi yosaloledwa kuphedwa kwa ntchito. Makamaka, zinthu zoletsedwa monga:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira kulimbana matenda zomera ndi tizirombo, kuthetsa namsongole.
2. Magwiridwe a Ntchito mpweya mankhwala.
3. The ntchito feteleza manyowa paulimi.
4. Malo a omwetsera fetereza, lubricants, mankhwala, nsanja kwa refilling zida woopsawo zinthu, minda ng'ombe ndi maofesi, malo nazo ndi kusunga zinyalala ulimi, mafakitale ndi zoweta, zimbudzi yosungirako madzi, malo kuikidwa ndi manda.
5. Refueling, kukonza ndi magalimoto kuyeretsa, makina.
6. Kusunga zinyalala ndi manyowa.
7. Malawi horticulture ndi malo wakunja kwatawuni, ngati m'lifupi zone atetezeke wa madzi ndi zosakwana 100 m, ndi steepness wa otsetsereka m'madera pafupi - kuposa madigiri atatu.
8. Kuchita kudula ntchito yaikulu.
9. Kuwayika malo zoyendera kuphatikizapo mkati mwa munda ndi malo wakunja kwatawuni.
10. Kukhazikitsa yokonzanso ndi ntchito yomanga maofesi, nyumba, mauthenga komanso maofesi ena, migodi, earthmoving ndi ntchito zina popanda chilolezo cha Akuluakulu abomawa.

Akafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mizere m'mphepete mwa nyanja

Mwa magulu amenewa kuwonjezera pa zofooka pamwamba analetsa:

1. Yolima.
2. The ntchito feteleza.
3. Yosungirako milu ya nthaka linasokoneza.
4. Organization za msipu yotentha ndi odyetserako ziweto, kupatula m'madera zikugwira ntchito ya madzi chikhalidwe.
5. Khazikitsa nyengo tented m'misasa, malawi a m'munda ndi minda wakunja kwatawuni, kusonyeza malo munthu yomanga nyumba.
6. Movement wa mathirakitala ndi zina magalimoto, kupatula makina wapadera cholinga.

Land mmalire a mizere m'mphepete mwa nyanja zikhoza anapatsa kaikidwe ka zinthu:

1. Zosangalatsa.
2. Kusaka ndi nsomba.
3. Madzi.
4. Hayidiroliki ndi doko nyumba pamaso pa chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito magwero, omwe zofuna zapadera kugwilizana chitetezo mode.

Kukhalabe n'kupanga nyanja komanso mabacteria chitetezo madzi ikuchitika pa anthu. Eni malo ndi eni zina, amene ziwembu ili m'madera amenewa ayenera kutsatira chithandizo chapadera. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabacteria chitetezo madzi siyikhuzana achire wa maphukusi eni ake oyenera, aletse pa wotuluka ndi iwo, kupatula mu milandu operekedwa ndi lamulo.

County sanohrany

Iwo unali umodzi wa miyeso chitetezo chuma machiritso zachilengedwe, mankhwala konzanso m'madera pogwiritsa. malo awa kwambiri. Iwo anakhazikitsa zovuta zolimbana boma. Pa mankhwala zachilengedwe m'madera atagona saloledwa kukhala ndi kukhazikitsa mitundu yonse ya mabanja. ntchito. Kuchotserapo ntchito pa kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malowo zolinga thanzi. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito rationally ndi zachilengedwe umisiri wochezeka. Kukwanilitsa mode izi wapemphedwa kuti owerenga. Zikuphatikizapo mabungwe (malamulo ndi thupi), chinkhoswe mu chitukuko ndi ntchito wotsatira chuma zachipatala malinga ndi chilolezo cha. Pa madera zamasewela saloledwa nyumba malo ndi zinthu zimene sakuchita zokhudzana mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha dera la spa chithandizo zosangalatsa. Komanso analetsa ntchito, kungasokoneze pa chilengedwe, zikubweretsa wakuta, kuipitsidwa chuma pano pansi.