Lamulo Hooke

Ambiri a ife sankadziwa mmene zinthu modabwitsa zinthu atadziŵa?

Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa nsalu, ngati ife kutambasula mu mbali zonse Mukhoza kukoka kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo pa nthawi ina mwadzidzidzi kuswa? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani kuyesera yemweyo ali ovuta kwambiri kuchita ndi pensulo? Kodi kulimbikira kwa chuma ndi zimatengera? Kodi kudziwa mmene iye ndi amenable kuti mapindikidwe kapena anatambasula?

awa ndi ambiri mafunso onse ena kuposa zaka 300 zapitazo ndinadzifunsa British kafukufuku Robert Guk. Ndipo ine ndinapeza mayankho, tsopano ogwirizana mu dzina wamba "Chilamulo Hooke".

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, aliyense zakuthupi ali otchedwa kasupe zonse. Mundawu, amene amalola zinthu kuti anatambasula pamlingo winawake. koyefishienti wa elasticity - zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa zinthu zitha kuchirikiza enaake kukaniza, kenako akafika mlingo wa mapindikidwe okhazikika.

Ambiri, Chilamulo Hooke tingasonyezere mfundo:

F = K / × /,

kumene F - ndi zotanuka mphamvu, K - kale otchulidwa zotanuka modulus, ndipo / × / - kusintha kutalika kwa nkhaniyo. Kodi zikutanthauzanji kusintha chizindikiro ichi? Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu kuphunzira nkhani, kaya ndi chingwe, mphira kapena kusintha ina motsatizana kapena m'mbuyo. Ndi kusintha kutalika Pankhaniyi pali kusiyana pakati pa kutalika choyambirira ndi womaliza wa chinthu akuphunziridwa. Ndiko kunena kuti, mmene anatambasula / chinachepa masika (labala, chingwe, etc.)

Choncho, kudziwa kutalika ndi masika zonse koyefishienti chifukwa cha nkhani inayake, n'zotheka kupeza mphamvu ndi amene zinthu lidakali, mphamvu zotanuka kapena ngati adakali watchulidwa Chilamulo Hooke.

Palinso milandu apadera lamulo lolembedwa muyezo ntchito sangakhale. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kuyeza mapindikidwe mphamvu mu zikhalidwe kukameta ubweya, ndiko kuti, zinthu komwe mapindikidwe umabala mphamvu kuchita zinthu pa cham'mbali. Hooke M'chilamulo kukameta ubweya tingasonyezere motere:

τ = Gy,

kumene τ - chofunika mphamvu, G- koyefishienti zonse linkadziwika kukameta ubweya modulus, Y - kukameta ubweya ngodya ndi kuchuluka imene ngodya zasintha chinthu.

Liniya zotanuka mphamvu (Law Hooke) ntchito okha psinjika yaing'ono ndi kukula. Ngati mphamvu akupitiriza zimakhudza chinthu kuphunzira, ndiye apo pakubwera mfundo imene wotaya zotanuka ubwino wake, kuti akuyesetsa malire ake elasticity. Anapereka mphamvu kuposa mphamvu ya kukana. Mwaukadaulo, izi Tingaone osati monga kusintha mu magawo wooneka wa zinthu, komanso kuchepa kukana ake. Mphamvu chofunika kusintha zinthu, tsopano yafupika. Zikatero, kusintha katundu wa chinthu, ndicho thupi sanathenso kupirira. tikuona mmoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, wang'ambidwa, wosweka, yopuma, etc. Ayi, ndithudi, kukhulupirika siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo, koma khalidwe nthawi yomweyo kwambiri anakhudzidwa. Ndipo elasticity koyefishienti zakuthupi kapena monga mwa thupi undistorted mawonekedwe, amathera chapadera mu mawonekedwe olakwika.

Pankhaniyi limachititsa kunena kuti liniya system (mwachindunji njila ubale wa chizindikiro wina ndi mzake), wakhala si liniya, chibwenzi atayika makonda, ndi kusintha kumachitika pa mfundo zosiyana.

Pamaziko a ndemanga zimenezi Tomás Yung analenga chilinganizo modulus wa elasticity, yomwe kenako dzina lake ndipo wakhala maziko kwa chilengedwe cha chiphunzitso cha elasticity. modulus wa elasticity amatilola kuganizira mapindikidwe pamene kusintha zotanuka zofunika. Lamulo ili:

E = σ / η,

kumene σ - mphamvu ntchito m'dera mtanda yachigawo ya thupi pansi kuphunzira, η - elongation modulus kapena psinjika thupi, E - zotanuka modulus liwulo mlingo wa anatambasula kapena psinjika za thupi mchikakamizo cha nkhawa makina.