Anthu Finno-Ugric akukhala Karelia - Veps. mtundu Veps

Kale, ngakhale pamaso pa Asilavo kum'mawa (Novgorod) analowa m'madera oyandikana, zolamulidwa malo dziko kum'mwera mbali ya mitundu Nyanja Onega fuko lonse moyo. Pali maganizo momveka bwino dzina la fuko ili: akale "onse" ali chiyambi chomwecho monga dzina la Veps ano. Kwa nthawi mokwanira yaitali kuli anthu ichi otchedwa Chud, Chukharev ndi kayvanami. nthumwi zake yoika m'manda achibale awo akufa mu maenje mobisa kapena inamangidwa chifukwa cha "nyumba ya imfa" awo - akonzedwa yaing'ono padziko nyumba chipika.

Bend - mtundu, kuimira Chifinishi chinenero gulu la banja Ural ndipo amadziona nthambi Karelian. Achibale kwambiri a chinenero ndi Karelian, Chifinishi, Izhora.

History Vepsians

Palibe mudziwe zambiri zokhudza mbiri ya Veps. Nthawi zambiri, palibe mfundo za moyo wawo kwa zaka zambiri.

Izi makamaka chifukwa chakuti mafuko onse akale ankakhala kokha madera akutali kwambiri inali pakati pa nyanja, mitsinje ndi zithaphwi mu nkhalango. makalasi ulimi sizinakukwanire kuonetsetsa kuti anthu olimbikira ntchito akhoza kudzisamalira. Choncho, Kuwonjezera yaikulu wakhala nsomba. Veps komanso chinkhoswe kusonkhanitsa mphatso nkhalango. Pakati m'matangadza mabanja wamba anali malo kwambiri:

• nsomba;
• masewera mbalame;
• tsitsi;
• cranberries;
• bowa.

Iwo zinkagwira ntchito ngati chakudya. A ambiri awa mafuko m'matangadza anthu anatengedwa kupita ku mzinda chilungamo. Kumeneko, kuwombola anthu awa amene ali ndi mtundu wa Veps, analandira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chakudya, mchere, nsalu, zida ndi kusaka ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa mankhwala moyo thandizo.

M'nyengo yozizira, anthu a m'mayiko amenewa kukolola matabwa natengedwa iye ndi mitsinje alloyed. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ntchito ngolo tirigu. ntchitoyi komanso ndalama zina.

Komanso, Veps ndi kuchita zinthu zina:

• mwala yodula zamanja;
• mbiya ndi luso katavalnym.

zinthu mavuto

Malo dera midzi Vepsian anali yodziwika ndi chakuti iwo ali pa zamalonda, mizinda ndi misewu positi anapambulwa mtunda wautali. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo anali kwenikweni nawo ndondomeko umoyo ndale umene unachitika ku boma.

Ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi miyambo Vepsians anasunga ambiri mitundu ndi choyambirira. Koma zonse Russian chikoka akadali mwasintha zawo moyo wawo, ntchito ndi chikhalidwe.

Ofufuza ena, m'zaka za m'ma 16, okhala Belozersk-m'mphepete Poshehonsky chilankhulo anthuwo, ngakhale kudziwa kwambiri za chipembedzo Russian ndi Orthodox.

Choyamba Onse-Russian kalembera mu 1897 sanali kulemba mtundu wa Veps.

Mpaka Veps m'ma 20 akukhala m'nyumba zovuta. Wolemba A. Petukhov ananena kuti moyo wawo yodziwika ndi "misewu zoipa, njala, umbuli, kusowa kwa chinenero."

Soviet nyengo ya Vepsians moyo

Mu 20-30s Vepsians moyo wasintha kwambiri. Mu 1932, Komiti unachitikira pa mapangidwe zilembo latsopano. mavuto achita pamaso pake:

• kukhala chinenero cha mitundu yaing'ono mu zinenelo zao;
• kukonzekera ogwira maphunziro dziko;
• kufalitsa mabuku.

Latin m'munsi anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga alifabeti Vepsian. Ndi kutsegula kwa zipinda m'mudzi kuwerenga, masukulu 57, kumanga zipatala, maofesi zachipatala, canteens anthu, nurseries. Mu Lodeinopolsky Aphunzitsi College akutsegula ofesi Veps.

Chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko za makonsolo dziko zinapangidwa Oyat (Vinnitsa) m'dera dziko.

Mu akuluakulu m'ma 30 panopa kulembetsa kuti anakonza chiwerengero pazipita oimira anthu pa dziko - 35 zikwi.

The kuwonongeka kwa chuma ndiponso kugawikana Vepsians

Cha m'ma 30 ntchentche amayamba nthawi watsopano mu moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa Veps. Izi zinasonyeza kuti njira zamoyo zonse za ndale komanso zimene zinachitika pa nthawi m'dziko lathu.

Mobwerezabwereza unachitikira masinthidwe a kayendetsedwe ndi dera lawo chifukwa muli kusagwirizana Vepsian dziko. kusintha awa moyipa kwambiri bwanji chitukuko cha anthu ambiri amene asamukira ku madera ena.

Pa nthawi zambiri ndi dzikolo Veps zapustevali mogwirizana ndi boma la chuma cha midzi kumpoto.

Tsopano chiwerengero cha anthu mu Russia ndi 13 zikwi anthu. A malo ano Veps kumpoto moyo - Karelia kum'mwera - Vologda dera, ndipo pafupifupi ukhala mu dera Leningrad.

mtundu Vepsians

Ndi zovuta kuti alankhulepo za zomwe zikuwoneka wogwidwa ndi Veps wakale. Ambiri mwina, ndi kuloŵerera zimakhudzanso kusintha zomwe zachitika mu izo. Kwa zaka zambiri akhala anakumana ndi anthu, iwo sanathe kupewa kusanganikirana magazi.

Ndithu anthu wamba akuoneka kuti pakuwonana koyamba ano Veps, zomwe maonekedwe aliyense osiyana makhalidwe dziko. anthu amenewa tsitsi utoto, thupi woonda ndi full, ang'ono ndi lalikulu kukula, pali wokongola osati kwambiri.

Koma, ngakhale, anthu ali oyima okhala m'dera lawo.

zovala akazi Vepsians

Traditional Vepsians zovala anali chikondwerero ndipo tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu akazi tsiku wamba ankavala chaubweya wa nkhosa kapena siketi theka-mapeyala kukhala kotenga kapena mtanda milozo chitsanzo. Mokakamizidwa nkhani anali thewera, amene ankapita wofiira, ndi akazi - wakuda. Long manja nsalu malaya anali chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera okongola Betelehemu wa.

Akazi mudziwa embroider zokongola kwambiri. Choncho nthawi zambiri amapezeka Severyanka atavala malaya 2 kapena 3. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anakweza momwe m'mbali awo kupanga chitsanzo waukulu. Izi kwambiri bwino maonekedwe amene anali akazi Veps, maonekedwe awo ndi kudzidalira.

Pofuna kuti sundress tsiku ndi tsiku ntchito homespun lona. Kwa nsalu chikondwerero zovala anagula. Complete ndi sundresses zinali dushegreyku (bulandi), ndi kuzizira ankavala Shugay (cardigan ndi mabatani) wa nsalu.

M'nyengo yozizira, akazi ankavala ubweya odula kapena malaya a nkhosa. Gala mwiniwake wa chovala ino ya ubweya ndi anaphimba mphanga yowala silika kapena ubweya nsalu ndi dongosolo lalikulu.

Imene ankavala amuna

Amuna masuti Vepsians inkakhala malaya awiri ndi thalauza amene omangika chingwe pa m'chiuno. Malaya tiyeni ndi belted chikopa kapena malamba nsalu. malaya akale nsalu, pamene ano - utoto.

M'zaka za m'ma 19, kusoka pamwamba pa kabudula wake anayamba ntchito mdima anagula nsalu. Linasintha malaya ake, amene anayamba kusoka ku anagula chintz kapena nsalu. zovala Zima anthu a anthu amene ndi malaya awo nsalu, nkhosa odula, yokutidwa ndi nsalu, molunjika collarless malaya.

Kuyambira cha m'ma 19 m'zaka mu chikondwerero Vepsians zovala analowa jekete wake - mtundu wa malaya Demi-nyengo, kukhala ndi kutalika kwa msonkhano bondo.

Features nyumba Veppsian ndi osauka

Ambiri mwina, zikusungira Veps wakale pafupifupi osiyana ndi nyumba Karelian. Iwo anali theka dugouts matabwa chipika cabins ndi moto. Chiyambireni ntchito yomanga outbuildings osiyana:

• Barani kwa kasungidwe chakudya;
• barani kwa chopunthira mbewu;
• chikuku chamwana;
• kusamba.

Ntchito yomanga m'mbuyomu zambiri akuchita Veps kumpoto. Kum'mwera kwa anthu kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri ntchito zolinga zimenezi, wamba zoweta mchenga. Traditional Veps nyumba anali lonse zovuta kuti Chili nyumba ndi outbuildings onse.

Kuwonjezera nyumba ya gusset Veppsian waukulu mbali ya nyumba pamaso pa chiwerengero mawindo ndiponso kusapezeka kwa khonde ankakhala. Iwo anali ngati katundu wa m'nyumba Vepsians monga:

• matebulo, mabenchi ndi mabedi matabwa;
• mchikuta ndi ana;
• Russian uvuni;
• mphika ndi washstand ndi;
• nsalu.

Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo Veps

Veps a anthu Orthodox. Koma kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali kuti iwo yodziwika ndi zizindikiro za chikunja. Pakati Veps anali obwebweta, amene analankhulana ndi mizimu akutumiza ankachitira spoilage. Mkubwela kwa mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu, iwo apita, koma mkazi wanzeru ndi tchire anali.

Bend - mtundu, amene ali maula ake ndi zamatsenga. Kuti amange nyumba kapena m'manda munthu anafunika kuonetsetsa kuti "awombole" dziko. Zovala za munthu womwalirayo anasankha yekha woyera ndipo ndithudi zidzachotsedwa.

Nzowona makamaka kwa yomanga Vepsians kunyumba. Miyambo ya mwambowu anali motere:

• mu nyumba yatsopano pa usiku woyamba tiyeni mu mphaka;
• poyamba m'nyumba, Iye anayenera kulowa mu mutu wa banja ndi mkate ndi chizindikiro;
• pambuyo mutu m'nyumba m'gulu mkazi wake ndi tambala ndi mphaka;
• m'nyumba yakale mu watsopano abweretse khala otentha;
• Ife konse anayamba kumanga nyumba pa njira ya.

miyambo Vepsians n'zogwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zawo:

• kumwamba mizimu;
• nyumba;
• madzi;
• mizimu ya nkhalango, bwalo, barani ndi zina.

Mwachitsanzo, madzi mu malingaliro awo, anali munthu wamoyo, chifukwa mzimu amakhala ku izo. Ngati si kuwerenga - sanapereke nsomba kapena adzawonongedwa matenda nashlet. Choncho, madzi sanali kuponya, komanso sanasambe nsapato.

Ndi chakudya chinali chikhalidwe Veps. Mbuto ikulu mu linali nsomba. Komanso kuti wagwiritsa ntchito rye mkate umene anaphika nokha, khutu lanu. am'deralo ludzu kuzimitsidwa Repnev kvass, oatmeal, kumwa kuchokera zipatso m'tchire, mkaka ndi buttermilk. Tiyi, komanso mowa amamwa anali zakumwa chikondwerero. A mbale nyama anakonza okha maholide ndi katundu ntchito yamasewera.

mavuto ambiri anali kudutsamo adzadziwire ili la anthu, ndi chidwi chikhalidwe, miyambo ndi folklore. Tsogolo la anthu a kumpoto, ndi Veps dziko, sanachitepo zosavuta. Koma, ngakhale, iwo anali anthu palokha okhala m'dera lakwawo.