April 15 - Tsiku la chidziwitso zachilengedwe. History holide

Kuopseza tsoka zachilengedwe - limodzi mwa mavuto a padziko lonse a anthu. Ndi maganizo olakwika pa zinthu zopanda malire, wanzeru khalidwe lokonda zinthu zonse zamoyo ndaika kukhalapo kwa anthu, nyama ndi zomera kuopsezedwa. Pozindikira pa ngozi yaikulu, mamembala a bungwe la United Nations mu 1992 anakhazikitsa tsiku chikondwerero: April 15 - Tsiku la chidziwitso zachilengedwe.

zachilengedwe ndi chiyani?

Ubale (kuchokera Greek "sayansi ya malo okhala.") - ndi kuphunzira mogwirizana anthu ndi zolengedwa zina, chilengedwe. Komanso secrete zachilengedwe anthu, amene amafufuza mavuto alionse, Thanzi Homo sapiens, maluso anthu.

chidziwitso zachilengedwe

Otchedwa kudziwa zachilengedwe za katundu, mitundu ya zinthu ndi zochitika za chilengedwe. Izi amatanthauza alibe lingaliro la momwe kumanga moyo, ndi zamoyo muchuluke, kufunafuna njira mulingo woyenera kusunga kuli zinthu yabwino kwa anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi.

Kuweta kudziwa zachilengedwe n'kofunika kuti aliyense wa ife kudziwa kuti nditeteze chilengedwe. N'chifukwa chake pa April 15, Tsiku la chidziwitso zachilengedwe - tsiku zogwirizana ndi anthu onse padziko lapansi.

Kukula kwa zachilengedwe sayansi

Wosazindikira munthu amaonedwa yekha monga mbali ya dziko kudalira kwathunthu pa mbali, kotero anakakamizika penyani zimene zikuchitika, kuchita generalizations pulayimale. Chidziwitso woyamba zokhudza dongosolo zinkachitika mu chikhalidwe sanali sayansi, koma zinathandiza kuti apulumuke anthu. Omwazikana mfundo zinasintha pang'onopang'ono mu dongosolo.

Purposefully kufufuza anthu anayamba m'nthawi yakaleyo. Gwero choyamba, likufotokoza moyo wa nsomba, nyama, mbalame, anakhala ntchito za Aristotle, "History of Animals". wolemba amamvetsera ubwenzi moyo abale athu aang'ono ndi chilengedwe chawo. Nkhanizi amagwiritsidwa yafotokozedwa ntchito za Theophrastus ndi Pliny Wamkulu.

Chidwi kwambiri kuphunzira za chilengedwe anayamba mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Asayansi zikukangalika kusanthula nyama ndiponso zomera za dziko mbadwa, dziko ena, lotseguka apaulendo kwambiri. Woyamba zachilengedwe kuyesera ankachitika Robert Boyl. Cholinga cha phunziroli anali kudziwa zotsatira za kuthamanga mumlengalenga pa moyo wa nyama.

Kenako, chikoka cha zinthu zachilengedwe pa majeremusi kuphunzira ndi Carl Linnaeus, Buffon, JB Lamarck, asayansi ya Russian Academy of Sciences. Mawu akuti "zachilengedwe" anayamba akufuna ndi Ernst Haeckel. Monga wodziimira sayansi ya zachilengedwe unapangidwa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Komanso chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha mogwirizana thupi ndi chilengedwe kugwirizana ndi maina KA Timiryazeva vv Dokuchaeva F. Clemens, VN Sukachev.

Science kuyamba njira yatsopano VI Vernadsky. Wasayansi anayambitsa maganizo "noosphere", kutanthauza kuti boma la biosphere ndi, anapanga mchikakamizo cha maganizo ntchito ya anthu. Anakopa chitukuko zina za moyo padziko lapansi akukhala lingaliro, chomwe Kwalamulidwa kukonzanso "moyo envelopu" wa dziko, kuti athandize anthu.

mavuto Environmental anayamba kuganizira mofatsa mu zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri. Patapita zaka zambiri, anayamba kukondwerera tsiku la chidziwitso zachilengedwe. Chitsanzo 15 April (bwaloli mndandanda) mabungwe kukhala okha.

miyeso

Kuyambira mu 1996, ntchito ya "Masiku a chitetezo zachilengedwe ku ngozi zachilengedwe" akuyamba chaka chilichonse ku Russia. Akulimbana pakufalitsa akuyamba April 15. Tsiku kuzindikira zachilengedwe nthawi yomweyo amachita monga tsiku loyamba la kanthu.

Pafupi miyezi iwiri ndi ophunzira imachitika nkhani ndi makalasi othandiza cholinga zachilengedwe. Ophunzira kuteteza ntchito zachilengedwe mbiri, bungwe zisudzo, ulendo kudutsa zachilengedwe, kuyendera malo osungira nyama, maofesi kwa naturalists wamng'ono, malo zinyama. Akuluakulu kulankhula pa misonkhano semina, lipoti pa kukhazikitsa ma boma zachilengedwe. Choncho, April 15 (zachilengedwe Knowledge Tsiku) mu Smolensk Zoo akuyamba ndi maphunziro pa mutu wakuti "Man ndi Nature". ndodo Agency amakonda kupanga achinyamata kumvetsa kuti anthu - yekha kukhala wokhoza kuteteza ngozi. The zakambidwa pa msonkhano zimapita aphunzitsi ndi ndodo ya m'banja.

No tsiku zochepa chidwi akudutsa kudziwa zachilengedwe (15 April) pa sukulu. okonda aphunzitsi kusonkhanitsa ophunzira pa maola kalasi, ikuchitika maphunziro zachilengedwe, bungwe zochitika, kulinganiza makalasi mbuye kupanga birdhouses, kubzala mtengo, oyera kupereka kuyesa digiri chidwi kupulumutsa dziko.

Pa tsiku la kuzindikira chilengedwe (15 April) Ntchito akutsatiridwa kuti apange anthu ecocentric mtundu wa chikumbu mtima. Mu XIX-XX Art. kuganiza asayansi ndi nzika wamba anali anthropocentric. Ubwenzi chilengedwe pamene zogwirizana watero khalidwe Turgenev za chikhalidwe, msonkhano, ndi munthu wogwira ntchito. Mu mbali ya nzeru zachilengedwe a moyo wa munthu imatengedwa osati pamaso pa "zomwe amandipatsa chilengedwe", ndipo mwa mawu a mmene angalankhulire ndi zolengedwa zina, kuti zonse zinali bwino.

Zoneneratu zachilengedwe

Akudziŵa ngozi ya ngoziyo zachilengedwe, kanjedza sayansi kulenga Kuyesa chitukuko cha moyo padziko lapansi. Munthu aganiza kuti tsogolo la chitukuko adzakhala kwathunthu munthu. Wina pafupi ndi maganizo kupanga sanali zinyalala Kuchepetsa mowa chuma, kufufuza za mapulaneti ena. Ngakhale pankhaniyi, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza pa chinthu chimodzi: sikutheka kuthetsa vutoli popanda njira zamakono greening, minda ya ntchito ndi khalidwe la munthu.

The biosphere adzakhala opanda anthu, kukhalapo kwa sapiens Homo popanda biosphere zosatheka. Izi tiyenera kukumbukira April 15 (zachilengedwe Knowledge Tsiku), komanso pa masiku ena onse a chaka.

ntchito Global

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa mapulogalamu mayiko zachilengedwe analankhula mu 1972 pa msonkhano pansi mothandizidwa UN ku Stockholm. Iwo anakhala munthu woyamba padziko lonse polojekiti ntchito. Kuwunika za mwatsopano madzi, nkhalango, m'mapiri, m'zipululu ndi zina zotero. D. ikuchitika m'malo ogulitsira padziko lonse.

Kuyambira mu 1986, mozama la International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, ndi ntchito yomwe ndi tanthauzo la kusintha kwa nyengo, malamulo a mankhwala zako ndi amuzolengedwa, kusanthula ankachita topezeka. mwatcheru wapatsidwa mbali ya biocenoses zakale ndi kulosera. Kuberekana mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.