Astrakhan: zowoneka zofunika kuwona, maulendo mzinda

Ngakhale mbiri ya Astrakhan inayambira mu chifunga nthawi eni midzi yomwe amadziwika lero, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1558. Pa nthawi ina kunali tauni yaing'ono, amene anali membala wa Kazan ndi Astrakhan Khanate. Ngati si chifukwa cha chilakolako cha ufumu Russian kukuza kudziwa kwawo kwa Middle ndi wotsika Volga, kukhala ndi mwayi Nyanja Caspian, mbiri ya deralo akhoza yapangidwa Tiyerekezenso chosiyana.

Today mzinda wa Astrakhan, zokopa omwe akusungidwa bwinobwino kwa zaka 450, ndi apaulendo zodabwitsa ndi ukulu wake ndi kukongola.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

mbiri Russian wa mzinda inayamba mu 1552 pambuyo kuzinga Kazan anagwa. Osindikizidwa tsoka la pa Kazan Khanate anataya kukopa kwake m'deralo. Astrakhan anatengedwa mu 1556, amene ankatanthauza mapeto a inalowa wa dera Middle ndi wotsika Volga la Russia.

Chifukwa malo akale a mzinda zinalephereka, monga ili mu steppe lotseguka kuchokera kumbali zonse, anaganiza kumanga kuthetsa latsopano kumanzere m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Volga pa lalitali, ndilo chitetezo zachilengedwe ku anawazunza lapansi.

Poyamba, mzinda watsopano inamangidwa nkhuni ndi wa chomenyerapo nkhondo dothi kuteteza, koma monga Ivan Grozny anali ndi chidwi linga lolimba pa malo awa, ndiye mulimonse pano kukaponyedwa - anthu, ndalama ndi zipangizo.

Chifukwa kuukira anali Crimea asilikali Turkey mu 1569, amene anali atathamangitsidwa, koma anasonyeza kufunika kwa Astrakhan. Kumangidwa kwa mwala latsopano Kremlin chinali chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga m'linga, amene timapezamo maonekedwe a m'madera Orthodox yosiyanasiyana awo onse amitundu amene akhamukira kuno ku chigawo chapakati cha Russia.

Pomanga mwala Kremlin makoma inatha mu 1589, ndi kumanga nsanja zokhalamo inatha pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVII. Total linga inkakhala nsanja eyiti, atatu amene anali zolowera mumzinda ku njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ndi makulidwe a malinga ndi mphamvu anadabwa aliyense amene akuloŵa mumzindawo. Astrakhan, kumene zowoneka ndi kuyamba ndi boma la Russia lero, chapangitsa ambiri mwa zochitika za nthawi. Kuseri kwa zipupa Kremlin zili pa nthawi zofunika kwambiri dongosolo la - ndi nkhokwe ya onga m'chipinda chapansi, obisika, nsanja ya anthu otchuka m'dera ndi mpingo.

Kale mu zoyambirira za m'ma XVII, Astrakhan anali mumzinda waukulu ndi anthu kukula, ntchito bwino anayamba ndi zamanja.

Kremlin

Ilo linayambika kumbuyo pamene yomanga Ivan m'khutu boma la Russia ndi inatha mu ulamuliro wa Tsar Fedor Ivanovich mu Nthawi ya Mavuto.

Wall kutalika kwa mamita atatu 9,5 mpaka mamita atatu wandiweyani anali kutetezedwa kwambiri ndi encroachments a Crimea Khanate ndi Turkey atengenso gawo. Khomo lalikulu mzinda anali Prechistenskie chipata, limene lili pafupi ndi Nyumba yaitali pa nthawi - belu nsanja, ongokhala 4 storeys.

Osungidwa nyumba yakale ku nthawi Kremlin ndi Zhitnyaya nsanja ili kum'mwera. Kamodzi nyumba yake bwalo ili kwa kuzichepetsa ngati kuzinga mzinda.

Champhamvu ndi odalirika anali otetezedwa nsanja, imene inafalitsidwa mu Crimea Way ndipo analandira dzina chomwecho. Anawazunza ndi Crimea Chitata anali pafupipafupi, koma nthawi awalimbikitse kukana.

Mkati boma la Russia lili ndi asilikali ambiri, nyumba zaboma ndi achipembedzo a nthawi imeneyo, monga Cathedral wa Akukwera.

tchalitchi

Pamalo a Cathedral, zimene woyendeledwa lero, ife poyamba anali mipingo iwiri, mmodzi amene ali dilapidated, monga mtengo, ndipo yachiwiri inayamba kuchepa kwa mzinda kukula mofulumira.

Inamangidwa mu 1710 Cathedral watsopano Astrakhan, ndi lodabwitsa chenicheni cha mamangidwe a nthawi. Cathedral tichipeza 2-tiers m'manda m'munsi kuthetsedwa. Anakwiriridwa mafumu Chijojiya Vakhtang chimodzi ndi Teimuraz II ndi akumatauni aakulu a Astrakhan Iosif Svyaschennomuchenik ndi anthu ena a akuluakulu a tchalitchi.

The kumtunda kwa tchalitchi - ndi wotakasuka ndi lowala kachisi tiers awiri a mawindo. Ngati mu 1702 sanali kumira ya nyumba, Cathedral wa Akukwera lero aakulu mzikiti wina. Chifukwa cha nkhani imeneyi, ndi luso wamanga wa linga Mineev Dorofei anasintha dongosolo koyamba ndi anamangidwira 5 domes, amene tsopano ali akutama alendo mzinda ndi m'deralo.

The kudzipereka kwa mpingo m'munsi unachitikira mu 1707, pamene pamwamba ndi chochitika zinachitika pambuyo mapeto a zomangamanga mu 1710.

Kukhala pa tchalitchi waukulu mumzinda kwa zaka zambiri, izo chawonongeka kwambiri pa mapangidwe mphamvu Soviet. Only mu 1992, iye anasamutsidwa ku mpingo, ndipo ntchito inayambika kumangidwanso. Lero, ndi tchalitchi panopa, kuyima pamaso pa mpingo kukongola konse pristine.

mabishopu pawiri

Ambiri anasunga zipilala onyada lero mzinda wa Astrakhan. Zokopa, chibwenzi ku nthawi yomanga boma la Russia, "anapulumuka" ku nthawi ino, osati onse, koma bwalo Bishop ndi likuyesetsa zosangalatsa.

Pawiri ili kum'mwera kwa Mfundo Cathedral m'zaka za m'ma XVII inkakhala okha a m'nyumbamo bishopu. Ndi 1677 anamanga pafupi ndi zipinda izi mwala, ndipo mu 1709 pali latsopano pokha-mu, womwenso dzina la Cross Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi wathu.

Pambuyo nyumba bishopu chifukwa cha moto m'zaka XVIII mochedwa, izo ndamanga pa phaka lachitatu, ndi mu XIX m'ma wina. bwalo Bishop monga mmodzi wa nyumba wamkulu mu mzinda uli pa mndandanda zomangira, mapulani amene patapita kuwonjezera-mvu adzachotsedwa kubwezeretsa maonekedwe yoyambirira ya nyumbayi.

Cyril yopemphereramo

chizindikiro china amakedzana ndi yopemphereramo Cyril, yomwe ili pa msewu. Trediakovsky 2 (Russia, Astrakhan). Chifukwa yomanga ake anali chozizwitsa womwe rector mochedwa Woyera Utatu obisika.

Cyril anafa 1576 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu obisika, ndi yaing'ono matabwa yopemphereramo inamangidwa pa manda. Linamangidwa kuphwanya malamulo ovomerezeka a Orthodox, monga khomo sizinali kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa.

Mabwinja a abbot woyamba wa agulupa anakhalabe mwa makoma ake mpaka 1677, koma anamuona mkazi wake ndi atumiki ake, woweruza fano limene mkulu Cyril anaima pa bokosi ndi anayatsa lawi mtanda, Astrakhan kupulumutsidwa ku moto.

Polemekeza abbot zizindikiro zotsalira anali reburied lotsatira ansembe, ndipo pamwamba pa iwo anaimika mwala yopemphereramo mwa malamulo onse ovomerezeka. Mwaichi, amakumana alendo ndi opembedza masiku ano.

mzinda woyera

Mbiri yakale, m'madera Astrakhan kuti inakhazikitsidwa kwa mpanda wa boma la Russia ndipo anali ochepa anabzala.

Mu 1631 nyumba zogona ndi luso alimbane kum'mawa kwa mpanda wolimba pa phiri, anali atazunguliridwa ndi khoma lolimba, ndipo anali kudziŵika kuti White City. Ngakhale m'derali anali kawiri boma la Russia, sikunali kokwanira kwa osamukawo onse kuyambira ku Russia, kotero iwo, kuthetsa chatsopano chotchedwa mzinda zadothi. Dzinali ndi chifukwa chakuti distilikiti latsopano anamanga mozungulira chomenyerapo nkhondo zadothi ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri matabwa.

Wamtima wa White City mu Astrakhan ano ali ndi chitsanzo cha ku lakutali XVII atumwi. Wa nyumba zilipo a m'dera zimasungika Demidov bwalo ndi chihema nsanja yekha amatikumbutsa Woyera Chiwalitsiro obisika. Komanso chidwi nyumba kenako, monga nyumba ya malonda ku East ndi misikiti.

Kuwonjezera pa gawo lakale la mzinda wa zokopa Astrakhan wamangidwa pa nthawi, koma kukhala zofunika gulu loyimba kamangidwe ka malo awa.

zidole Theater

Ngakhale Astrakhan zidole Theatre imatengedwa kuti anakhazikitsidwa mu 1986, nyumba lenileni kuchokera ojambula zithunzi ndi alendowo achinyamata anafika atasamukira ku munda wakale wamalonda Bashkina mu 1991

The awiri-storey wamalonda nyumba chibwenzi ku chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, inagulidwa mu 1889 ndi wamalonda Grigoriev ndi nyumba. Modern Yang'anani anapeza yekha mu 1910, pambuyo zowonjezera ambiri. Isanafike 1917, anaika mabanki ndi masitolo mtengo.

Zazikulu nyumba, anavomereza kukonzanso kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche wa XX atumwi, anakhala oyenera anasonyeza kuimba ed. Milimo ya chidole zisudzo ndi mu mndandanda wa zipilala kamangidwe ka tanthauzo feduro.

The chipilala kuti Gabdulla Tukai

ndakatulo anthu Gabdulla Tukai ndi woyambitsa wa tingachipeze powerenga Chitata mabuku.

Tukai anabadwa mu Kazan mu 1886, pa April 26 ndipo anafera pomwepo matenda mu 1913, April 15, akamafika dvadtsatisemiletiya awo. Chitata anthu Gabdulla amaona kumbuyo mu nkhope ya opondereza anzawo. Wolemba ndakatulo nawo kayendedwe chosintha cha 1905, kufalitsa nyuzipepala, amene lofalitsidwa ankalikonda kuwulula, anayenda kwambiri, anali mu Astrakhan, St. Petersburg, Ufa ndi midzi ina ya Russia.

Mu moyo wake waufupi anasiya zotsalira lalikulu Tukai a Chitata mabuku. Okumbukira ulendo Astrakhan ndakatulo wamkulu wakale Chitata mumzinda chipilala kuti Gabdulla Tukai chinaonetsedwa mu 2013

Choncho linakhalanso kukumbukira munthu amene ogwirizana anthu wamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana akangana wamba ufulu ndi ulemu.

Zokopa kunja Astrakhan

Osati kwa nyumba zake zakale wotchuka Astrakhan. Reviews kunena za amakopeka wapadera, ili 130 Km from mzinda. Apa, mu 1965, tinayamba zofukulidwa amene anawulula ku likulu dziko la Golden gulu, Batu anamanga mu zaka za m'ma XIII.

"Sarai-Batu" wasanduka panja owonetsera zakale chifukwa anajambula "chiguluchi" (2011,) Kenako panali zokongoletsa, monga pafupi ndi lothandiza mbiri ya Golden gulu.

Lero ndi owonetsera zakale ufulu imene chakudya zofukulidwa zina likulu akale.

Astrakhan nsomba

No zochepa kukopeka ndi kusodza Astrakhan. mzinda wakhala wotchuka ngati malo ndi makampani olemera nsomba.

Popeza July ndi mapeto a October m'dera lino kubwera okonda nsomba, malo abwino ndi maofesi zosangalatsa Astrakhan mochuluka. Pa Volga asodzi kuyembekezera nsomba zazikulu za carp, mlamba, whitefish ndi nsomba. Nsomba kwambiri kuti nsomba kusiya ngakhale oyamba.

chaka chonse zokopa alendo

Ndiyamika zochuluka za nsomba Astrakhan - malonda opindulitsa zokopa alendo, anatsegula latsopano pakati zosangalatsa malo ndi kuluma wabwino. yozizira Astrakhan chimodzimodzi wokongola kuposa maholide chilimwe.

Popeza kuti mahotela onse ndi pogwiritsa pa nyengo yozizira ndi mtengo, okonda ayezi nsomba ndi masewera yozizira kusankha kubwera pa nthawi ino.