Back minofu. Kaswili wa musculature za mmbuyo.

The biomechanics wa thupi Zimatheka chifukwa cha thunthu wapadera mmene thupi lonse wonse, ndi kachitidwe munthu makamaka. Akulu dongosolo pamene gululi n'chofunikira kutsogolera. Mwachitsanzo, minofu kumbuyo. Matenda a musculature msana ndi zovuta ndipo amafuna kuphunzira zambiri ndi tsogolo ambiri madokotala, neurosurgeons, madokotala zoopsa ndi urologists. Ndi akatswiriwa zambiri kuthana ndi mavuto.

Choncho, kodi makamaka kumbuyo minofu? torso musculature thunthu amakhala ndi magulu lalikulu minofu. Minofu ulusi kumbuyo ndi miyeso zikuluzikulu, poyerekeza ndi mutu kapena khosi, monga kumva katundu mphamvu pamene poyenda ndi zimakhala lalikulu pa thupi la munthu. Khosi minofu, thunthu amene ali zovuta kwambiri kwa ambiri plexus mitsempha ndi yofunika mitolo mtima m'dera lino bwino mu minofu ya kumbuyo ndi chifuwa. minofu Back anawagawa m'magulu awiri aakulu, omwe amasiyana mzake ndi malangizo a ulusi minofu - zachiphamaso komanso chozama.

Akukhulupirira kuti poyamba minofu kumbuyo, thunthu amene phylogenetically zambiri zokhudzana ndi minofu dongosolo kumalekezero ndi minofu kuti muyenda citukuko ndi thupi chapamwamba. Nato monga minofu msana, monga mwawamba, zinachokera bookmarks yoopsa minofu kapena myotomes malowa. Iwo kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a dongosolo tsankho segmental. Mfundo kufalitsa minofu kwambiri - ichi mapangidwe nyumba izi zigawo zingapo minofu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chozama minofu, motero adzayang'ana wamfupi.

Ndi kungotengeka minofu msana monga mitundu zotsatirazi minofu:

- trapezius mnofu, kapena musculus trapezius, amene akuyamba ku mafupa a njira spinous wa thoracic vertebrae mndandanda wonse. Mbali ake - kayendedwe ka masamba ndi kutambasuka kwa mutu.

- latissimus dorsi, amene ali lonse la dera ake m'munsi. M. latissimus dorsi, kawirikawiri imayamba kuchokera pansi 5 vertebrae thoracic, komanso onse a lumbar ndi sacral vertebral njira spinous wa awiriawiri m'munsi anayi nthiti ndi onse Crest iliac. Ntchito: The kuchotsa anakweza dzanja ndi phewa kasinthasintha mkati.

- rhomboid minofu. Pali basi pansipa trapezius lapansi. Ntchito m. rhomboideus unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe tsamba.

- levator scapulae minofu. minofu zimachitika ku njira kale khomo lachiberekero vertebrae, mathero pa tsamba, pa ngodya zake chapamwamba bwino. M. levator scapulae, amayankha dzina lake, amachita kukweza masamba.

- kumbuyo ndi kutsikira imodzi minofu. Izi minofu muzikangana. Ngati oyamba (kutanthauza mamita Serratus zapambuyo apamwamba.) Aukitsa nthiti, otsiriza (m. Serratus zapambuyo otsika) M'malo mwake, iwo ali pansi.

Ponena za zakuya minofu kumbuyo, tisaiwale kuti zigwirizana magulu osiyana a minofu lalifupi ndi lalitali kuti zili pamodzi yaitali msana yachiwiri. Izi ku fupa occipital mutu ndi dera sacral. Ndi zakuya minofu msana monga:

- minofu, kuwongola thupi. Iwo m'dera la sacrum ndi crests wa onse mafupa iliac, kumene anachokera, amapita molunjika ndi Chakumapeto kwa pa fupa occipital. Ntchito yake ndi yokhudza kupinda ndi kuwongola wa torso, komanso ngati otsetsereka ake lateral. M. erector trunci ali mbali zitatu, amene kuchepetsa ndipo zimadalira chikhalidwe cha kayendedwe.

- transversospinales, kapena m. transversospinalis ndi zovuta wopangidwa mwa ulusi ang'ono ndi waufupi minofu. Izi minofu kumbuyo, thunthu imene pa koyamba zingaoneke wachisokonezo, kupita ina oblique ya njira ya vertebrae ndi kuthandiza kuwongola kumbuyo ndi torso.

- m'Galimoto minofu. Linapangidwa ndi kutembenuzira mutu ndi kutambasuka kwa msana khomo lachiberekero.

Lumbar minofu zoona, simuli minofu leni msana. Anatomically, amatanthauza musculature wa lamba m'chiuno.