Aromorphosis - ndi chiyani ichi?

Malinga ndi zamoyo zinachita kusintha, nyama zonse ndi zomera zomwe zimapezeka mu dziko lero ali mbadwa zamoyo anthu wosazindikira kuti lapansi kumene kuli anthu mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo. Kusintha kwa zamoyo angayambe chifukwa njira zosiyanasiyana. idioadaptation izi, ndipo alibe, ndipo aromorphosis. Idioadaptation - mmodzi wa malangizo waukulu kusanduka, chifukwa thupi lake Amasintha kwa malo enieni, pamene thunthu kusintha kapangidwe ake. Alibe kumaphatikizapo kutha kwa aliyense wa matupi m'kati kusanduka. N'zotheka kusunga mapangidwe zoyamba, mwachitsanzo zotsala za ziwalo kuti ndi makolo anachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri. munthu Mwachitsanzo, khola semilunar mu ngodya lamkati la diso, pa coccyx, ndi zina zotero. D. Ku mbali iyi ya chisinthiko aromorphosis, tiona m'nkhani ino mwatsatanetsatane.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Aromorphosis - vuto la kapangidwe ka thupi Inde zinachita kusintha kuchokera ku patsogolo kugwira ntchito yake. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, pakutchulidwa ya kubereka, multicellular, teplokrovnosti, awiri umuna zomera, ndi zina zotero. D. Mwa njira imeneyi, popangidwa ndi osiyanasiyana Biosphere dziko lapansi.

Chiyambi cha moyo ndi aromorphoses loyamba

Mabilioni a zaka zapitazo mu moyo nyanja anabadwa, ndi zamoyo woyamba pa dziko sanakwatire tating'ono prokaryotes. maselo awo anali ndi dongosolo wosazindikira, analibe zikuchokera kwawo phata ndi organelles ambiri amene ali eukaryotes. Nyengo, imene kunali zamoyo woyamba, wotchedwa Archean. Limafotokoza zapakati pa zaka 4 biliyoni 2.5 zapitazo. Pa Archean Earth anali akali monga ife tikuziwona izo tsopano mu mlengalenga ali pafupifupi palibe mpweya, panali Africa mmodzi yekha pa dziko sinali moyo, envelopu gaseous a dziko anali wandiweyani, choncho pamwamba idagwa pa dzuwa pang'ono.

Kuyambira nthawi iyi, ngakhale cyanobacteria choyamba chinkawoneka ngati limodzi tating'ono algae, amene adzakhala padziko Lapansi kenako, koma ali prokaryotes. Koma zinthu izi zinali heterotrophs salinso monga mabakiteriya loyamba okhala dzikoli, ndi autotrophs, iwo anali odziwa mphamvu dzuwa, mpweya woipa ndi madzi kuti lithe zakudya zawo. Tinganene kuti zikamera wa dzuwa - ndi aromorphosis, amene anapereka kutsogolera kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa moyo padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chakuti zamoyo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko kubala zinthu organic umachitika anakhala pang'onopang'ono apindula ndi oxygen.

Zikamera ndi kukula kwa zomera

Tikhoza kunena kuti zomera woyamba anali cyanobacteria anapanga mu nthawi Archean, monga iwo ankatha photosynthesis. pofuna kukwaniritsa ufumu kumatanthauza mapangidwe zamoyo kuti salinso inkakhala selo limodzi. Zikamera wa zamoyo multicellular - izo aromorphosis, amene, pamodzi ndi zikamera wa dzuwa ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa kusintha kunatheka chitukuko cha zinthu zamoyo, mapangidwe maufumu akuluakulu amene alipo lero. Red ndi algae wobiriwira akhala inafalitsidwa mu nyengo Proterozoic, asanafike mapeto a nthawi Ordovician a nyengo Paleozoic , iwo anali zomera zokha kukula Lapansi.

The zokolola za zamoyo dziko loyamba

Mu nthawi Silurian panali zofunika zomera aromorphosis - ndi zikamera wa spore choyamba, Rhyniophyta. zodabwitsazi mukhoza kutengedwa ngati zofunika kwambiri, monga zamoyo awa analowa mu dzikolo: iwo akakhale pa mtunda ndi madzi osaya.

iwonso Kwenikweni, anali zomera woyamba kuti thupi ankayimiridwa ndi kuthawa anthu, ndi a Thallus ngati algae. zaka miliyoni 410 zapitazo Rhyniophyta kale katswiri dziko ndi ambiri kufalitsa pa gawo la dziko. Mu nthawi yomweyo, Silurian, chifukwa zomera mu chikhalidwe kale anali mpweya wokwanira kuti kuli nyama woyamba dziko. Yotsatira zofunika kwambiri aromorphosis - ndi zikamera wa zomera mbewu m'malo spores. Choncho panali gymnosperms. Aromorphosis - ndi maonekedwe a maluwa ndi zipatso mapangidwe angiosperms.

Choyamba aromorphoses nyama

Limodzi ndi chitukuko cha mbewu ufumu pa malo sanakhazikike ndi zamoyo wa dziko nyama. The aromorphosis oyambirira - ndi zikamera wa mapepala awiri germinal ndi zozungulira chosokonekera nyama multicellular. Choncho anapanga coelenterates, monga miyala yamtengo wapatali, thonje, modabwitsa ndi zina zotero. D.

Nyama woyamba pa dziko

Kenako mu zamoyo anaonekera wachitatu embryonic tsamba - mesoderm, komanso amgwirizano chosokonekera wa thupi, anapanga minofu minofu, mantha ndi machitidwe excretory. makhalidwe onsewa mitundu monga athyathyathya ndipo annelids, yomwe kukhala njira ina zamoyo wa nyama. Choyamba iwo ankakhala mu madzi, ndiyeno anakhala nyama woyamba pa dziko. Pakuti Aromorphosis zina monga mapangidwe ndi wapawiri-chipinda, atatu chipinda, ndiyeno mtima zinayi chambered, pawiri kufalitsidwa, pakutchulidwa ziwalo monga impso. aromorphosis lina lalikulu ndi maonekedwe a poyambira ndi mapangidwe zina msana ndi lonse minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo.

Otentha bloodedness - izo aromorphosis, amenenso ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya kusanduka. Iye anali kutsogolera ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mbalame ndi nyama dziko. Nyama choyamba kuti likhale magazi ofunda, panali ena zinyamazi, omwe analipo kuchokera pachiyambi cha Triassic nthawi ya nyengo Mesozoic, ndipo woyamba nyama mbalame monga - Archeopteryx. mankhwala wakhala kusintha monga maonekedwe nthenga, milomoyo mbalame mwachibadwa. Ndiye kunali mapangidwe ubweya, ndi latuluka mu mitundu ina ya zinyama - kotero panali nyama. Chifukwa ali m'nkhani ino aromorphoses ndi mitundu yonse panopa alipo osiyanasiyana a nyama.