Proterozoic nyengo: njira yaminga ya kusanduka dziko lapansi

Proterozoic nyengo, umene unatha pafupi biliyoni zaka ziwiri, wachita yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe dziko monga tidziwa tsopano. Izi motalikitsa Geological nthawi, panatenga pafupifupi theka la mbiri okwana dzikoli, zinali zodzaza ndi chiwerengero cha zikuluzikulu, akubwerera kusanduka lapansi.

Iwo Proterozoic nyengo "anatero" akuchuluka mu misa madzi hydrosphere, kuti nyanja loyamba anayamba kuphatikiza m'nyanja limodzi pamlingo mapulaneti, mlingo umene anafika pamwamba zitunda nyanja. Izi woyamba tectonics geochemical malire yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu mlingo wa hydration wa zikuluzikulu lithosphere kotekisi (chifukwa mabacteria kwambiri machulukitsidwe Rift misa lalikulu nyanja mchere madzi). Zimenezi watha pafupifupi miliyoni mazana asanu ndi zaka. Ndipo anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mapangidwe wotsatira wa mpumulo wa pansi pa madzi.

Mu malo siteji amakezana zinachitika, Archean, Proterozoic nyengo anabwera. Nyengo chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano anayamba kusintha kwambiri. Padziko lapansili ndi nthawi mu Archaean pafupifupi moyo ndipo anabala chipululu ozizira ndi glaciations pafupipafupi, pafupi ndi Proterozoic pakati masinthidwe kwambiri (motsogozedwa kutentha).

Pa nthawi yomweyo panali machulukitsidwe kwambiri mpweya wabwino m'mlengalenga amene ukasintha kusintha kumene zamoyo wa zamoyo kwachilengedwenso. Asayansi awo zimenezi zinachitika biliyoni zaka ziwiri zapitazo, kale amatchedwa "mpweya ngoziyo." Nthawiyi amakhala ndi nucleation woyamba unicellular aerobic zamoyo (chifukwa mpweya ndende ya osakaniza mpweya zinali zokwanira kuonetsetsa moyo wawo). Zinali ndiye kuti ambiri a mitundu kufa zamoyo anaerobic, umene mpweya maselo anali wakupha. Kuti, Pamlingo waukulu, kutumikira vekitala wa kusanduka zina.

Pa nthawiyi izi chimphona tizilombo kanthawi algae zambiri. M'malo kwambiri njira pafupifupi onse miyala nyanja kuti chinali nyengo Proterozoic anapita ndi nawo mwachindunji (ndi wokangalika) wa mitundu imeneyi moyo.

Eukaryotes, anaponyedwa pansi kuchokera zamoyo zinachita powonekera "m'mbuyo" prokaryotes, nayenso, inakhazikitsidwa, pamene anali Proterozoic nyengo. Nyama, breathable mpweya, ndi njira, panali pa dziko pa nthawiyo mbiri. Mitundu yambiri ya zinyama wa malemu Proterozoic nyengo kale multicellular mitundu eukaryotic. Mapeto a nthawi iyi akhoza kutchedwa "m'zaka za modabwitsa," kenako anapambana pa dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo aliyense annelids (makolo a molluscs ndi arthropods).

nyengo Proterozoic anali odzitukumula mbiri nthawi nthawi imene anayamba chosagawanika ulamuliro maselo eukaryotic. Wosazindikira unicellular ndi atsamunda a mtundu ndinayamba m'malo mwa zolengedwa mwadongosolo multicellular. Moyo wasanduka chinthu chofunika kwambiri zamoyo miyala. Zamoyo ayamba kutenga mbali mu kusintha kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a kutumphuka dziko lapansi, iwo kukhala maziko a wosanjikiza ake chapamwamba - ndi biosphere. Atabwera Padziko Lapansi , photosynthesis, phindu limene simungathe n'kofunika. Kuti kotero anasintha zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, kukhathamitsa kuchuluka waukulu wa mpweya kunatheka chitukuko cha zamoyo apamwamba heterotrophic - nyama apamwamba.

Choncho, polenga zinthu mulingo woyenera kudza ku dziko mitundu apamwamba a moyo - munthu amene anali kusintha nkhope ya dziko tidzayesedwa kwa mphindi yochepa linakhalapo (zaka 500 zokha zikwi - m'kanthawi mfundo za nthaka ndi miyala!) Beyond kuzindikira. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi kupereka malingaliro a "moyo" ndi "chisinthiko" zonse zatsopano tanthauzo ...