Bacteriological kufufuza njira: masitepe, zolinga, makhalidwe

Kuphunzira mabakiteriya zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu othandiza munthu. Today anatsegula ambiri prokaryotes, amene amasiyana ndi mnzake mu pathogenicity, ukulu, mawonekedwe, kukula, chiwerengero michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi magawo ena. Kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mavuto ntchito njira kafukufuku bacteriological.

Kodi njira ya kusanthula maselo bakiteriya chiyani?

Kuti adziwe ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, akuchititsa kuphunzira chikhalidwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo:

1. Bacterioscopic njira.

2. The njira bacteriological.

3. The njira kwachilengedwenso.

TB wamamamayikirosikopu ndi bacteriological njira za kafukufuku zochokera ntchito maselo prokaryotic monga kusanthula kwachilengedwenso zofunika kuti tione mmene maselo amenewa mu chamoyo moyo wa nyama experimental. Malinga ndi digiri ya chiwonetsero cha izi kapena zizindikiro zina wasayansi matenda amachitsimikizira kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu chitsanzo, komanso awo mwachibadwa kufalitsa mu thupi la nyama chikhalidwe chawo ndi ntchito kwina.

Bacteriological kufufuza njira chosiyana ndi Pakani. Pomaliza kaye pogwiritsa ntchito mwapadera anakonza chikhalidwe cha prokaryotes wamoyo, pamene ntchito yachiwiri ikuchitika ndi maselo akufa kapena kukhala ndi maso Wopanda.

Magawo a njira bacteriological kafukufuku. tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso

Mfundo kuphunzira katundu chikhalidwe bakiteriya zingakhale zothandiza kwa microbiologists, asayansi omwe anakhala uko kufufuza maselo prokaryotic, komanso choyezera, amene ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa tizilombo kapena osakhala tizilombo mabakiteriya, kenako matenda wodwalayo.

Njira kuphunzira mabakiteriya lagawidwa magawo atatu:

1. Paokha mabakiteriya ku chitsanzo choyambirira.

2. Fesani ndi kulima mabakiteriya chikhalidwe choyera, kuphunzira katundu wake.

3. Kuphunzira zambiri za maselo bakiteriya.

Gawo loyamba

A nyemba kapena chopaka, linachokera ku ufulu pamwamba pa sing'anga kapena wodwala. Choncho ife "omwera" mitundu yambiri ya bakiteriya kuti ayenera kubzala pa chakudya. Nthawi zina n'zotheka kudziwa nthawi yomweyo mabakiteriya zofunika, podziwa malo awo kufalitsa thupi.

Patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu amasankhidwa ndi madera anakhumba ndi yokutidwa pa olimba TV Petri mbale mothandizidwa ndi wosabala kuzungulira. Zosiyanasiyana Laboratories ntchito ndi machubu, mmene olimba kapena madzi kungakhale sing'anga zatu. Ndi kumulondolera njira bacteriological wa kafukufuku tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso.

mwendo yachiwiri

Pambuyo kupeza madera munthu bakiteriya imagwiridwa mwachindunji macro- ndi microanalysis. magawo onse anayeza wa ankawalamulira, kudziwa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ya aliyense wa iwo. Nthawi zambiri madera tawerenga pa mbale Petri, ndiyeno zinthu poyambira. Ichi ndi chofunika mu kusanthula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chiwerengero cha potsata mlingo wa matenda.

njira kafukufuku Bacteriological 2 sitepe chomwe kuphunzira madera munthu tizilombo akhoza zolumukizidwa ndi njira zamoyo kusanthula mabakiteriya. Wina Cholinga cha ntchito panthawi imeneyi - kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kuyambira zakuthupi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu sing'anga, ndipo n'zotheka kuchita kuyesera mu pompo-pompo pa zamoyo mayeso. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndidzachulukitsa, ndi chifukwa magazi adzakhala ali mamiliyoni maselo prokaryotic. Kuyambira mwazi anatengedwa ndi zosavuta kukonza zofunika ntchito tizilombo zakuthupi.

Mbali yachitatu

Gawo lofunika kwambiri la phunzirolo - tanthauzo la morphological, amuzolengedwa, toxigenic ndi antigenic katundu chikhalidwe mabakiteriya. Ntchito patsogolo "kuyeretsedwa" a chikhalidwe pa sing'anga michere, komanso mankhwala (kawirikawiri akuda) pansi simungathe kutiona.

Ikani umembala wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mwayi kwa makamaka taxonomic gulu, komanso kudziwa kukana lawolo amalola njira kafukufuku bacteriological. Gawo 3 - mankhwala ie kusanthula khalidwe la maselo mabakiteriya amanena za mankhwala chilengedwe ...

Kuphunzira chikhalidwe mankhwala kulimbana ndi zofunika zothandiza pamene kuli kofunikira kulembetsa kwa afunika mtima, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, mankhwala ogwira. Apa ndi angathandize njira kafukufuku bacteriological.

Kodi kuswana pansi?

Pa chitukuko ndi kubalana mabakiteriya kukhala mu chisanadze okonzeka atolankhani chikhalidwe. The kugwirizana kwa zimenezi zingakhale kapena madzi kapena olimba, ndi chiyambi - chomera kapena chinyama.

zofunikira pa TV michere:

1. Sterility.

2. Zolemba chilungamo.

3. mulingo woyenera ntchitoyo acidity, kuthamanga osmotic, ntchito madzi ndi zosintha zina kwachilengedwenso.

Kupeza madera akutali

1. Njira Drygalski. Iwo kwagona kuti kuzungulira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuipitsa mbiri ya bakiteriya ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. kuzungulira Izi anachita pa woyamba Petri mbale ndi sing'anga zatu. Kenako, popanda kusintha kuzungulira ndi chuma yotsalira ikuchitika ndi wachiwiri ndi wachitatu mbale petri. Choncho, njuchi otsiriza mabakiteriya zitsanzo adzakhala seeded si zolimba kwambiri, motero zimatithandiza luso kupeza zofunika mabakiteriya.

2. Koch Njira. Limagwiritsa ntchito machubu ndi osungunula michere sing'anga. Pali aikidwa ndi kuzungulira kapena pipette kuipitsa mbiri mabakiteriya, kenako nkhani chubu anakhuthuka kumtunda mbale wapadera. Hagara (kapena gelatin) solidifies patapita kanthawi ndipo n'zosavuta kuona makulidwe a madera anakhumba selo. Nkofunika anayamba kupasuka chisakanizo cha bakiteriya mu machubu kwa ndende ya tizilombo sanali lalikulu kwambiri.

njira Bacteriological kafukufuku, njira zomwe ndi zochokera Kugawilidwa kwanthaka olondola a mabakiteriya chikhalidwe, mungachite popanda njira ziwiri za kupeza madera zokhazi.

antibiotikogrammy

Zowoneka, zimene tizilombo mankhwala Tingaone mu njira ziwiri:

1. Njira ya zimbale pepala.

2. kuswana mabakiteriya ndi mankhwala mu sing'anga madzi.

Paper chimbale njira amafuna chikhalidwe cha tizilombo zomwe mwakula pa sing'anga olimba zatu. Sing'anga ndi kuika ndalama zochepa za pepala adzakhale impregnated ndi mankhwala. Ngati mankhwala uzigwirizana ndi neutralization ya maselo bakiteriya pambuyo mankhwala gawo amakhalabe madera wopanda. Ngati sakufuna kuti mumulalikire kuti mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa, mabakiteriya adzapulumuka.

Pankhani ya ntchito madzi michere sing'anga zakonzedwa woyamba machubu pang'ono ndi chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya madigiri osiyanasiyana dilution. Kwa iwo machubu akuwonjezeka mankhwala komanso m'masiku kutsatira ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana kwa thunthu ndi tizilombo. Pomaliza, tili ndi khalidwe antibiotikogrammy limene adzaweruza mphamvu ya mankhwala chikhalidwe anapatsidwa.

kusanthula Basic vuto

Apa likutchula zolinga ndi zikuluzikulu za njira bacteriological kafukufuku.

1. Pezani zinthu kuyamba ntchito kwa kudzipatula madera bakiteriya. Iyi ndi swab padziko iliyonse chinthu, mucosa kapena M'mimbamo za thupi, MAGAZI.

2. kulima chikhalidwe pa sing'anga olimba. 24-48 maola pa mbale Petri angapezeke chambiri mabakiteriya a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Sefani ndi muyezo morphological ndi / kapena amuzolengedwa chofunika ndi umachitika ntchito tsogolo lake.

3. Wofalitsa chikhalidwe chifukwa. njira Bacteriological wa kufufuza akhoza zochokera mwamwambo kapena tizilombo njira kuonjezera chiwerengero cha chikhalidwe mabakiteriya. Mbali yoyamba, ntchito ili m'kati ndi sing'anga olimba kapena madzi michere, imene chofungatira mabakiteriya achulukane ndi kupanga madera atsopano. The njira kwachilengedwenso amafuna zinthu zachilengedwe kuonjezera chiwerengero cha tizilombo, kotero pano tizilombo matenda nyama zasayansi. Patapita masiku ochepa chitsanzo magazi kapena swab mungapeze prokaryotes ambiri.

4. Pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe woyeretsedwa. Kudziwa taxonomic malo tizilombo komanso osiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika kuchititsa kusanthula mozama maselo zochokera makhalidwe morphological ndi amuzolengedwa. Mu kuphunzira magulu tizilombo yaying'ono-chamoyo ndi kofunika kudziwa bwino momwe zochita za mankhwala.

Ilo linali khalidwe wamba njira bacteriological kafukufuku.

kusanthula Features

Ulamuliro waukulu kuona bacteriological - ndi sterility pazipita. Ngati mukuchita ndi machubu mayeso, mbewu ndi subcultures mabakiteriya ayenera kuchitidwa kokha pa nyali mkangano mowa.

magawo onse a njira bacteriological kafukufuku amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira wapadera kapena Pasteur pipette. Zida onse kuti pretreated mu mzimu nyali lawi. Koma Pasteur pipette, nthawi yomweyo isanafike kutenthetsa yolera yotseketsa m'pofunika kusiya kunsonga ya tweezers pipette.

bakiteriya seeding njira nayenso makhalidwe yake. Choyamba, pamene yokutidwa pa sing'anga olimba anapitiriza bakiteriya kuzungulira Hagara pamwamba. Kuzungulira, kumene, ayenera kukhala kale pa chitsanzo padziko tizilombo. Kuchitanso mbewu mu sing'anga chikhalidwe, zimene zinachitikira ndi kuzungulira kapena pipette afike pansi pa mbale Petri.

Pamene ntchito ndi TV madzi ntchito machubu. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi si kukhudza m'mbali mwa zasayansi glassware kapena Nkhata Bay ndi zipangizo ntchito (dropper, hinge), musakhudze zinthu zakunja ndi pamalo.

Mtengo wa njira kwachilengedwenso kafukufuku

Analysis wa nyemba mabakiteriya ali ntchito zimene mukuphunzirazo. Choyamba bacteriological maphunziro njira angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika kuphunzira microflora wodwalayo kuti kukhazikitsa matenda zolondola, komanso kukhala njira yolondola mankhwala. Pali amathandiza antibiogram posonyeza ntchito mankhwala motsutsa matenda.

Analysis mabakiteriya ntchito zasayansi kudziwa matenda oopsa monga chifuwa chachikulu, malungo relapsing kapena chinzonono. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuphunzira zikuchokera bakiteriya wa tonsils, cavities limba.

maphunziro Bacteriological angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa njira kuipitsa. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe wa kuipitsa mbiri ya padziko chinthu anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa kukhalamo sing'anga ndi tizilombo.