Balakirev Milij Alekseevich, wolemba Chirasha, mutu wa "Wamphamvu wamphongo": biography, chilengedwe

Wopambana kwambiri wolemba Russian Balakirev Milij Alekseevich, amene ntchitobe sikutaya kufunika kwake, amadziwika osati ntchito yake yapadera, komanso monga Mlengi ndi maganizo zolimbikitsa zonse panopa mu Russian nyimbo.

Ubwana ndi banja

Wopanga mtsogolo anabadwa pa January 2, 1837 ku Nizhny Novgorod. Bambo ake, Balakirev Alexei Konstantinovich, anali mlangizi wolemekezeka wobadwa bwino, amayi ake anali ndi ana. Banja likutsatira malingaliro achikhristu, ndipo mnyamatayo anakula kwambiri ndichipembedzo, adanyozedwa pakhomo, akuyitana "bishopu wamtsogolo". Chikhulupiriro m'moyo wonse chinalibe nkhani yofunikira kwa Balakirev. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono mwanayo amasonyeza maluso oimba, ndipo amayi anga adaziwona.

Zoyesera zoimba zoyamba

Kale zaka 6-7 Balakirev Mily Alekseevich motsogoleredwa ndi amayi ake akuyamba kuphunzira kusewera piyano, kusonyeza kupambana kwakukulu. Kuti apereke mwana wake maluso abwino, amayi ake amamutengera ku Moscow. Kumeneko akudutsa njira yochepa ya piano kuchokera kwa wolemba nyimbo wotchuka komanso mphunzitsi Alexander Dubuyk. Ndiye panyumba, akupitirizabe kuzindikira chida chake motsogoleredwa ndi woimba piyano komanso woyang'anira K. Eiserich. Anali woimba yemwe adayambitsa Balakirev kwa Alexander Dmitrievich Ulybyshev, wopereka mwayi, woimbira nyimbo, mphunzitsi, yemwe adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa wopanga. Mzinda wochuluka wa oganiza zam'deralo, olemba, oimba omwe anasonkhana mnyumbamo, zikondwerero zinkachitika, zojambulajambula zinakambidwa. Pano maziko a zochitika zamakono a dziko la Balakirev adayikidwa.

Phunzirani

Mayi wa mkonzi wam'tsogolo anafera kumayambiriro, izi zinathetsa maphunziro a Balakev omwe amawongolera. Pambuyo pake abambo ake anakwatiranso, malipiro ake anali osakwanira kwa banja lalikulu, sakanatha kulipiritsa maphunziro ake. Ali ndi zaka 12 mnyamatayo amaperekedwa ku Nizhny Novgorod Nobility Institute, komwe amaphunzira maphunziro a sekondale chifukwa cha olemekezeka a kumeneko. Zaka zinayi pambuyo pake adalowa m'gulu la masamu kuti akhale wolemba mabuku ku yunivesite ya Kazan, koma adaphunzira kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, alibe ndalama zopitilira maphunziro, adapeza moyo wake popereka maphunziro. Panthawi ya maphunziro ake Balakirev Mily Alekseevich analemba yoyamba nyimbo zoimba: chikondi, masewera a piyano.

Kuitana

Ataona mphatso yopanda chidwi ya mnyamata, Ulybyshev anamutenga ku St. Petersburg mu 1855, kumene anadziwitsa wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia, dzina lake M. Glinka.

Balakirev Milij Alekseevich, nyimbo yomwe inakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo, inasonyeza ntchito zake kwa mbuye ndipo adalandira kuyamikira kwakukulu ndi malangizowo kuti apereke moyo wake wonse kupanga nyimbo. Chaka chotsatira, wolemba woyamba akuyamba kufotokozera anthu onse, komanso amakayikira ngati woyimba piyano ndi woyendetsa ntchito pa concerto allegro ya piyano ndi oimba. Kulankhulana kumeneku kunalandiridwa bwino ndi otsutsa ndi anthu, Balakirev adayitanidwa kuti akalankhule mu nyumba zakulemera, zomwe zathandiza kuthetsa mavuto a zachuma za wolemba, koma zinatenga nthawi yaitali. Woimbayo anadzidzimutsa kuti ndi wolenga wa Russia, zolinga za dziko zinakhala chizindikiro chake.

Njira yopita kuntchito

Balakirev Milij Alekseevich, amene ntchito yake ikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, kwa nthawi ndithu imakhala ndi msonkhano wokondwerera, yomwe ikuchitika m'madera ozungulira. Koma zimatenga nthawi ndi mphamvu zake zambiri, ndipo adawona cholinga chake pakupanga nyimbo ndikufalitsa malingaliro apamwamba. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa masewerawo, ngakhale kuti izi zimakhudza mavuto ake azachuma, ndipo akuganiza kudzipereka yekha ku nyimbo ndi kuunikira.

Balakirev ndi "Dzanja Lamphamvu"

Chakumapeto kwa zaka 50-za XIX m'ma Balakirev imayandikira kwa oimba ambiri: A. S. Dargomyzhsky, V. V. Stasov, A. N. Serov. Momwemonso bwaloli limapangidwira, lomwe pambuyo pake lidzatchedwa "Mighty Bunch". Anthu oganiza bwino adayankhula zambiri zokhudza tsogolo la nyimbo, adakambirana za ntchito. Patapita nthaŵi, olemba mabuku ofunika kwambiri a Russia Empire N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Borodin, M. Mussorgsky, C. Cui adagwirizana nawo. Balakirev adawona m'modzi mwa achinyamatawa kuwala kwaumulungu, adawathandiza kukhala ndi mphatso, ndikupanga zojambula zawo. Pali gulu lamphamvu la olemba, lomwe limagwira ntchito mwawokha, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amathandizana wina ndi mzake kuti apange kalembedwe kaumodzi.

Gululi linalankhula ndi oimira nzeru zopanga nthawi yake: ndi otsutsa I. Turgenev, A. Grigorovich, A. Pisemsky, I. Repin. Kulumikizana kwapafupi ndi zovuta ndi olemba nyimbo kunakhazikitsidwa ndi PI Tchaikovsky, komwe "Dzanja Lamphamvu" linakhudza kwambiri. Oimbawo ankachita nawo malingaliro a anthu mu zithunzi, zomwe zinali zoyenera kutsogolo kwa chi Russia.

Pofika m'ma 1970, gululo linasweka, koma malingaliro ake adapitiliza kukhala ndi moyo. The "Handful Wamphamvu" inasiya chizindikiro cha nyimbo za ku Russia, Lyadov, A. Arensky, S. Lyapunov, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov adadziŵa kuti anali ndi chikoka pa iye mwini, ngakhale mu chikhalidwe cha ku France chinawonekera "asanu" asanu otchuka ndi Eric Sati ndi Jean Cocteau, Kubwereza njira ya "Mulu Wamphamvu".

Ntchito yophunzitsa

Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, yemwe mbiri yake imayanjanitsidwa ndi nyimbo, adathandiza kwambiri popanga sukulu ya dziko lonse. Mu 1862, pamodzi ndi woyimba nyimbo ya G. Lomakin, Balakirev adayambitsa Free Music School, yomwe inakhala malo ounikira, kufalitsa mbiri ya zojambulajambula komanso malo oyamba a maphunziro oimba nyimbo.

Mfumuyo inathandizira zoyimba za oimba, motero otsogolera anali ndi mwayi wopanga ntchito yaikulu. Anakonza makonti a ophunzira, amavomereza aliyense ku bungwe la maphunziro omwe ali ndi luso, koma sangathe kulipira maphunziro. Sukuluyo inaphunzitsa solfeggio, nyimbo ndi mawu. Balakirev anali mtsogoleri wa bungwe ndi woyang'anira masewera. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1800, sukuluyi idakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la ndalama, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa ntchitoyi kukhale kochepa. Balakirev panthawiyo anali akuvutika kwambiri, adachoka pampando wotsogolera kwa kanthawi.

Koma mu 1881 anabwerera ku udindo wa mkulu wa mwana wake wokondedwa ndipo anakhalabe wokhulupirika ku sukulu mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Mu 1883 Balakirev, wolamulidwa ndi TI Filippova, adasankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira khoti loimba nyimbo, pomwe matalente ake a bungwe ndi aphunzitsi anali othandiza. Amakonza njira yophunzitsira mu chaputala, amalimbikitsa chigawo cha sayansi mu maphunziro, akukupemphani kuti muphunzitse N. Rimsky-Korsakov, akupanga gulu la oimba, amathandizira kwambiri moyo wa ophunzira, akumanga nyumba yatsopano yamapemphero. Mu 1894, amasiya utsogoleri wa chapemphepo ndikuthawa ndi ndalama zowonjezera, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo amadzipereka yekha ku chilengedwe.

Ntchito yamakono

Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich anakhala moyo wake wonse akuphunzira nyimbo, ntchito yake inayamba ndi kulembedwa kwa chikondi choyamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ntchito ya wolembayo inayamba ndi mphamvu ya M. Glinka, yemwe adagwira ntchito yofunikira pamoyo wa woimba. Mu 1866, Glinka anapempha Balakirev kuti atsogolere kupanga makampani a Ruslan ndi Lyudmila ndi Life for the Tsar ku Theatre ya Prague. Woimbayo anawonetsa ntchito yayikulu ndikuwonetsa luso lake lochita nawo ntchitoyi, lomwe linapindulitsa kwambiri ndipo linathandiza kulimbikitsa malo a Balakirev mu nyimbo.

Mu 1860, wolemba nyimboyo anayenda pamtunda wa Volga, kumene anasonkhanitsa nyimbo za burlaks, zomwe pambuyo pake zinkaperekedwa ku nyimbo, zomwe zinapanga phokoso lalikulu mu chikhalidwe cha Russia. Mu 1862, 1863 ndi 1868 anapita ku Caucasus, zomwe zinakhudza ntchito ya woimbayo. Posakhalitsa wolembayo anaitanidwa kukayendetsa nyimbo za nyimbo za ku Russia ndi masewera a Imperial, koma mu 1869 anakakamizika kuchoka positi.

Ayamba nthawi yovuta pamoyo wa Balakirev, wolembayo akuzunzidwa ndi kunyozedwa, izi zimamupangitsa kukhala ndi vuto la maganizo, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo iye wachepetsa kwambiri ntchito yake yolenga. Mu 1881 adabwerera ku nyimbo, koma ambiri adayang'aniridwa ndi tchalitchi, analemba pang'ono, koma panthawiyi pali ntchito zambiri zamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, nyimbo ya symphonic "Tamara".

Kumapeto kwa zaka zapakati pa 90ties nthawi yomaliza ndi yopindulitsa ya moyo wa wopanga imabwera. Amalemba nyimbo zambiri za piyano, amagwiritsa ntchito ndakatulo zoyimba "Rus" ndi "Ku Czech Republic".

Cholowa chamwini

Wolemba nyimbo Milak Alekseevich Balakirev, yemwe zaka zake za moyo zimadzipereka pa kufufuza njira zopezera moyo, ntchito yophunzitsa ndi yophunzitsa, anasiya cholowa chochepa koma chofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa ntchito zake zazikulu mumaphatikizapo nyimbo za "King Lear", zojambula za piano "Islamey", zochiritsira zingapo za ena olemba nyimbo, pafupifupi mawiri awiri ndi nyimbo, nyimbo ziwiri.

Moyo waumwini

Balakirev Milij Alekseevich anali wokonda, atengedwera mokoma mtima, anaika moyo wovuta. Moyo wake wonse adakakamizidwa ndi njira, adatsutsidwa ndi anthu osokoneza bodza amene amunenera zabodza, adakonza zolimbana ndi wolemba nyimbo. Mavuto azachuma adakhala akuya kwambiri mu 1872, pamene nyimbo za sukulu sizinangoleka kupindula, koma sizingatheke. Kuphatikiza pa izi, bambo wa woimbayo amafa, ndipo kusamalira ubwino wa alongo achitsikana akugwera pamapewa ake. Woimbayo ndi wovuta, amatha mantha, ngakhale amaganiza za kudzipha.

Mu 1874 Balakirev anasiya sukulu ndikulowa ku Warsaw Railway Department Office ngati wogwira ntchito yaying'ono, nayenso akuyamba kupereka maphunziro a nyimbo. Iye analibe mphamvu kapena nthawi yoti azikhala paubwenzi ndi abwenzi, ndipo iye amachokera ku bwalo la anthu ofanana, samapanga nyimbo. Iyi inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri pamoyo wake. Balakirev adapeza njira yopita ku chipembedzo, adadzipereka kwambiri ndikuyamba kubwerera. Mu 1881, atabwerera kuntchito ku sukuluyi, maganizo ake adasinthidwa. Moyo peripeteias, chilakolako cha nyimbo sichimalola Balakirev kuti adzipange banja lake, adakhala ngati mwana wamwamuna, wakhama kwambiri.

Wolembayo anakhala moyo wautali ndi wotanganidwa, anafa pa May 29, 1910 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku Tikhvin Cemetery.

Zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi biography

Moyo wa anthu olenga nthawi zambiri umadzaza ndi zochitika, zochitika zosiyana, osati zosiyana, ndi Balakirev Milii Alekseevich. Zoonadi zokhudzidwa zimapanga mndandanda waukulu, pakati pawo pali zowawa. Kotero, ndi zofunikira zonse za wolemba, osati patsogolo pa chikhalidwe cha Russian, komanso pamaso pa nyimbo zonse za ku Ulaya, mu mzinda uliwonse padziko lapansi iye sanaperekedwepo chikumbutso. Koma imodzi mwa masukulu abwino kwambiri a nyimbo ku Ulaya, ngati si dziko, yomwe ili ku Moscow, imadziwika ndi dzina lake.

Balakirev anali akudwala kuyambira ali mwana, nthawi zambiri ankamuvutitsa ndi kupweteka ndi kupweteka kwa mutu kumene kunamuchititsa kuti asadandaule. Mmodzi mwa mavuto otha msinkhu, iye adafuna kusiya zonse ndikupita ku nyumba ya amonke, koma mwatsoka, matendawa adatha, ndipo wolembayo adakali moyo wadziko.

Mwa maphunziro ake, Balakirev ali ndi ngongole kwa iyemwini, iye anagwira ntchito mwakhama pa njira yake ndipo anadzikonza yekha. Komabe, atapatsidwa mwayi wokhala pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory kale ali wokalamba, woimbayo anakana, popeza analibe maphunziro apamwamba.