Bashkir chokongoletsera. zokongoletsera Bashkir zosiyanasiyana

Bashkir zokongoletsa ndi dongosolo ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhalidwe zakuthupi ndiponso pa nthawi yomweyo mmodzi wa mitundu ya zinthu zauzimu za anthu a Bashkortostan. Mwanjira imeneyi, anthu luso chifukwa cha zaka chitukuko: mu ornamentation, mu dongosolo ena, mitundu, mu osakaniza aluso wowerengeka momveka bwino anasonyeza moyo wa anthu ndi kumvetsa kwawo zenizeni zachilengedwe pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana mbiri.

Chokongoletsera monga mmene chikhalidwe

zochitika zazikulu m'mbiri ya Bashkirs ndi ena amazipotokola pa moyo wawo nthawi zonse kapena nthawi anasonyeza luso paluso, kuphatikizapo kukongoletsa: mu ornamentation mu njira kuphedwa, mu chitukuko cha latsopano kapena mitundu alipo ikutha zilandiridwenso.

Bashkir chokongoletsera ornamentation njira, mitundu, dongosolo ndi kuikapo maganizo terminology akuganizira interplay wa mbiri mtundu wa anthu Bashkir. Izi imakhudzanso magwero ake njira mafuko a Zapakati, zakale ndi zamakono mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe ankachita ndi mayiko oyandikana. Zojambulidwa pa zifukwa zingapo, poyamba pa zonse, chifukwa cha bata lalikulu la chokongoletsera ndi chikhulupiriro chonse ndi momveka bwino kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya chikhalidwe chuma, lili ndi kuda Nthawi osiyana ndi zimene zimachitika pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana.

zokongoletsera National zosiyanasiyana angapezeke pa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mankhwala chopangidwa ndi kusamalira manja aluso wowerengeka:

• makalapeti, zovala, matawulo, makatani, bedi nsalu;
• katundu wachikopa, kukongoletsa nkhani zopezeka zachilengedwe;
• mbale, ziwiya;
• zojambula luso, zojambula, zipsera, kusindikiza ndi zina zotero.

kuluka makalapeti

Chokongoletsera anthu Bashkir chimaonekera kuluka makalapeti. Unatengera makalapeti ndi gawo kuvomerezedwa ndi malowolo wa mtsikanayo. Makalapeti unatengera ndi mikwingwirima anagawidwa mu kum'mwera Bashkiria ndi Bashkir pakati pa anthu a m'dera Kurgan. Mu gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo, kumadzulo ndi chapakati Bashkiria, mu mabeseni a mitsinje Dema ndi IR, komanso pakati ndi malire kunsi kwa mtsinje White nsalu makalapeti makamaka ndi dongosolo zojambula.

Kuyambira cha m'ma 20 m'ma kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko kufalikira lalikulu mu chokongoletsera makapeti analandira amajambulapo maluwa okongola zamaluwa mu mawonekedwe a mapini ndi nthambi ndi maluwa, masamba, zipatso, maapulo ndi zina zotero. D. Ndipotu, latsopano, masiku ano siteji ya zamoyo wa zokongoletsa ndi dongosolo pa dera la Bashkortostan.

Makalapeti ndi chitsanzo milozo

Makalapeti ndi mikwingwirima chitsanzo imalukanira ndi mapepala 20-22 masentimita m'lifupi. Ndondomeko longitudinally-wovulidwa analenga maziko a zolochedwa ulusi nkhosa kapena mbuzi tsitsi. Palace chitsanzo yosavuta - ndi kotenga, imodzi kapena yosalala Mipikisano wachikuda mikwingwirima. lophweka milozo Bashkir chokongoletsera amasonyeza kuti mtundu kwambiri wakale wa muofesiyo.

Makalapeti ndi dongosolo zojambula ndi zamaluwa

Iwo sewn awiri, nthawi zina atatu nsalu nsalu za m'lifupi 40-60 masentimita ndi bodza mu mkombero yopapatiza. Bordure zambiri nsalu osiyana chuma ukonde ndipo ndi chitsanzo yosiyana ndi dongosolo la munda chapakati. Nthawi zina pamphasa alibe malire.

Bashkirsky kukongoletsa muofesiyo ndi dongosolo zojambula makamaka rectilinear, ndi kanjedza yeniyeni. Zinthu zazikulu za izo ndi yamakhonde osiyanasiyana diamondi, mabwalo, nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga ndi akalumikidzidwa zina, mizere molunjika kudzaza ornamented pamphasa kumunda. Nawonso, anayamba mkati yemweyo, koma ang'onoang'ono kanjedza. zinthu chokongoletsera, ankaona payokha zimapezeka mu ornamentation a mitundu ina. Komabe, osakaniza okwana zikuchokera amene ali makamaka pa mitundu osankhidwa, iwo apanga ngati chitsanzo wachikuda, womwe umapereka ndi chokongoletsera wapadera Bashkir mtundu dziko.

Pankhani ya njira yoyenga ya ochiritsira geometrical rhombus chitsanzo ndondomeko kutenga nthambi ndi masamba, ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga amaliona monga eyiti maluwa.

mtundu sipekitiramu

Bashkir dziko chokongoletsera pa mitundu zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu mikwingwirima - wofiira, wachikasu, zobiriwira, buluu, wabuluu, wofiirira ndi mitundu ina mu kuya ndi predominance mtheradi wa mtundu chinanso chotulutsa. Pofuna kuti asadzachitenso lililonse weavers ena akupanga zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mitundu. Mu losavuta chiphunzitso skilful kusankha ndi osakaniza a mitundu akamafika mkulu nzeru chokongoletsera.

nsalu unatengera

zokongoletsera Bashkir zosiyanasiyana akhoza anapeza patsogolo pa kavalidwe anthu. Nsalu anapangidwa kuchokera zomera ulusi mu Bashkirs achuma ndi luscious moyo, zosiyanasiyana njira zokongoletsa. Kusoka zovala tsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku anali chopangidwa otchedwa pestryad - chinsalu wachikuda mu khola kapena Mzere. Chikondwerero ndi miyambo zovala, zinthu, nyumba zokongoletsa, ornamented dongosolo zanyumba kapena nsalu chinangwa (nsalu nsalu).

A osiyanasiyana malaya kusoka akazi, zovala, akazi ndi thalauza anthu. Chifukwa anapanga nsalu za patebulo, matawulo, zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka, makatani, ndi thumba la kamba kotero zosiyanasiyana. D. Pestryad chitsanzo checkered aumbike mwa mphambano mikwingwirima akuda. M'madera kum'mwera kwa Bashkortostan mu Urals ndi pestryad nsalu maselo lalikulu. The mitundu osakhala wofiira, woyera ndi wakuda mitundu. National chokongoletsera osiyanasiyana kumpoto m'madera maselo osiyana chitsanzo ang'ono ndi mitundu zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri yosakanikira mitundu pestryad anaikira zovala, nsalu za patebulo ndi nsaru, chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi chimanga-ngati medallions ogulitsira.

mitundu ya zodzikometsera

Kuika dongosolo nsalu wokometsedwera zinthu kokha chokongoletsera panyumba: makatani, matawulo ndi nsalu za patebulo. Mu ornamentation wa njira zovala kubweza si ntchito. Zinthu zosavuta chokongoletsera, anapanga bookmarks ndi chachikulu yamakhonde mzere - izi ndi mmene Bashkir chokongoletsera. Kuzilingalira mizere imavuta, iwo cholukanalukana kupanga X woboola pakati, 3 woboola pakati, diamondi woboola pakati, 8 woboola pakati chithunzi zosiyanasiyana zina zovuta kwambiri. Kwambiri khalidwe la nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga, mtanda, ndi swastika, diamondi ndi kupitiriza zipani kapena ndi mapini amapasa pa ngodya, hornlike mawonekedwe.

nsalu

Pachikhalidwe mu Bashkiria nsalu kuti chofunika kwambiri kuposa nsalu wokonzedwa. chifukwa ndi njira yosavuta ntchito, ndipo mukhoza kuyesetsa kulenga. Kuluka chofunika feedstock ndi likuoneka, ndi kufala kwa yomalizidwa nsalu wopanga zake anali anachronism. Koma nsalu mu ankafuna lero. A zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, zokongoletsera Bashkir. Ziwerengero amadalira makina a nsalu ndi njira kutsatira mafano pa akhakula pamwamba embroider.

zofunika za chokongoletsera ndi - chithunzi ichi ngati awiri a nyanga za nkhosa, S woboola pakati mizere, amene osakaniza osiyanasiyana kubala Pantchito mu mawonekedwe a kalata X, kapena kupanga swastika kwambiri stylized amajambulapo maluwa okongola zamaluwa. Bashkir chokongoletsera anaphedwa nsalu nsalu, veleveti, kawirikawiri nsalu thonje silika, nkhosa kapena thonje ulusi. Chito pa chishalo nsalu nthawi sewn pa maziko ofiira kapena zobiriwira, ndi pa m'mapaketi ndi matepi kukongoletsa akadali amapezeka ndi wakuda maziko, amene amapereka chitsanzo cha kuwala mkulu ndiponso limapereka phokoso bwino lililonse mtundu mu dongosolo. Pakuti ukufanana ndi eni zambiri osankhidwa mitundu ndi mitundu ofunda, koma kawirikawiri, zosiyana ndi maziko. Nthawi zambiri ntchito wofiira, wachikasu, zobiriwira komanso yosowa kwambiri buluu ndi buluu. mtundu ankakonda wofiira amapezeka m'chitsanzo chomwe ndi maziko wofiira.

kusema

Kusema, chokongoletsera pa mbale ndi kupenta pa nkhuni sanali ofala Bashkirs, monga nsalu kapena kuluka. Kupatulapo ndi mapulani kusema, kwa theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za m'ma XIX anaonekera Bashkiria kulikonse. Ambiri ntchito luso nkhuni kusema apindulira pa phiri mbali kum'mwera Bashkiria, pamene anaikira nkhalango nayonso yaikulu ya Urals Southern, zomwe zosiyanasiyana zipangizo "kupanga nkhuni".

Zosowa za chuma zachilengedwe ndi kupezeka kwa nkhalango kale anapanga kofunika ndipo imathandiza popanga ku mtengo ziwiya zosiyanasiyana, katundu wa m'nyumba. Mu nkhani iyi, Bashkirs zothandiza, kufunika wakhala chikugwirizana ndi zapiringizana ndi zokonda zokongoletsa. Zotsimikizira zinthu za ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, Bashkirs anayesa kuti iwo okha cholimba, zosavuta ntchito, komanso wokongola. Sichangozi omveka bwino kwambiri, chidwi anali chitsanzo pa mbale ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zonse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu kupanga zidebe kwa koumiss, mu ornamentation wa ziwiya, kujambula zogwiriziza matabwa pansi chifuwa, pamodzi ndi mitundu mitundu, anagwirizana zaka zambiri, zinthu osungidwa kwa dongosolo limene zikusonyeza mafuko yakale nawo kamodzi mu mapangidwe mtundu wa mtundu Bashkir.

Pomaliza

Chokongoletsera anthu Bashkir - m'nthano chomwecho. Iye ndi zipatso za ntchito gulu la m'mibadwo yosiyanasiyana. Aliyense chitsanzo - chifukwa cha ntchito gulu, pamene nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala a m'maganizo luso la munthu. Anthu ambiri aluso sikuti kusintha dongosolo awo odziwika bwino, koma kutsegula atsopano. Nayenso chito kumene analenga si malo amodzi. ojambula zithunzi zina pogaya iwo kapena kudalira dongosolo makolo kulenga anu. Choncho zosiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa mitundu kuti timaona ornamentation chikhalidwe Bashkiria.