Basil Oshchepkov: yonena, zithunzi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu South Sakhalin January 6, 1892 ku banja la akaidi anabadwa mwana wapathengo Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich - yotsatira kwambiri wothamanga ndipo anayambitsa judo dziko. Mnyamatayo anali munthu wotayika, ndi kupatsidwa chakuti ali ndi zaka 11 anayamba wamasiye, ife tikhoza ingoganizani tsoka ankamuyembekezera mwana mawu ntchito ya kalavulagaga.

Moyo m'ndende ndi makolo

Ife zinali zovuta osiyana kwambiri tsoka, pakati pawo pali zigawenga komanso "zandale" kanjedza. Inu angatanthauze, ndi anthu wamba amene analandira chilango kwa mulandu zazing'ono.

Koma sizinali kwambiri ndi wonyong'onya mu mlengalenga ozindikira ndipo maphunziro pamene pa Sakhalin, monga zingaoneke. Mu nthawi ya Nicholas II anacititsa maphunziro abwino, chinakula kanjedza odziwika ndi asayansi kundende:

• Antarctic wofufuza wotchedwa Dmitry Girev;
• Narodovolets ndi kafukufuku Ainu Bronislaw Pilsudski;
• "ADZATSUTSA maphunziro" analandira Daniil Kharms.

Choncho, aliyense anabadwa mu ndende ndi amwalira chisoni. Mu Japan Basil Oschepkin amapatsidwa zaka 13 kwa bishopu Nicholas wa Japan, pano pa zili zonse wachinyamata analandira maphunziro achipembedzo ndipo anayamba kuphunzira judo.

Mama - Maria Semenovna - anabadwa mu 1851, anamwalira mu 1904. Pamene mwana wake anali ndi zaka 8, Mary Anam'samutsira ssylnopoeselenki, iwo anamutsutsa zaka 18 m'ndende 60 akulankhula mokalipa chifukwa kuthawa ku ntchito ya kalavula gaga. Atate - SERGEY Zaharovich Plisak - kalipentala, anamwalira mu 1902. Makolo Oschepkina anali cohabiting.

Chaka Chatsopano Hava Basil Oshchepkov - Sambo namatetule m'tsogolo, anabatizidwa wansembe Aleksandrom Uninskim. Godfather anakhala kalaliki mkulu asilikali bwana pa Sakhalin George Pavlov-Smirnov. Godmother - Kochina Ivanovna.

Wambiri lalifupi

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich - wotchuka olimbika ntchito maphunziro a Tokyo zolimbitsa thupi. Mu Japan iye anali mu August 1907. ndiye:

• bwinobwino maphunziro kusukulu Kodokan;
• Iye anakhala woyamba Russian ndi wachinayi omaliza European amene ali kumvetsetsa zinsinsi za Japanese unarmed nkhondowo;
• USSR anakhazikitsa sukulu ya judo ndipo analimbikitsa masewera;
• choyamba judo Mpikisano unachitikira mu 1917;
• mu 1932, masewera anali m'gulu pulogalamu TRP;
• mu 1937, Vasily Sergeyevich anamangidwa ndi kuphedwa.

Pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma chiphunzitso Russian chitetezo anafunika oyenerera, wophunzitsidwa akatswiri phwando ndodo. Mfumu Nicholas II zinasaina lamulo mu 1903 kukhazikitsa wapadera kontrazvedochnoy utumiki. Zolinga amenewa mu Europe anabweretsa akatswiri Japanese kapena omaliza sekondale mu judo Japan. Kwa Russia, mwanaalirenji uyu anali inadmissible chifukwa Japan Wakusankha ntchito ndi inati Western.

sukulu maphunziro a adziteteze zinalengedwa mwa chinsinsi, kuti akope tcheru. maphunziro inkachitikira pansi pa madenga a mabungwe osiyana, munthu amene anali Theological Seminary, amene anadza Russian mnyamata Basil Oshchepkov. Cadets N'kutheka kuti achinyamata amene makolo anaphedwa mu Chirasha Japanese nkhondo.

Phunziro Kupambana

Mu 1911, 29 October, achinyamata Oshchepkov akulowa sukulu Kodokan. Wakhala anaona kuti azikonda kuphunzira, iye anali olimbika pa ntchito ndi luso. Lamulo lalikulu kwa ophunzira anali kuloweza mawu aliwonse akuthandizani Jigoro Kano. Ngati munthu amatengeka osati kuyang'ana pa dokotala, Iye sanamlandira.

Aliyense wodandaulayu anali pansi pa ulamuliro okhwima mphunzitsi. Mnyamata Russia zinali zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira kukhala mu Japanese. Vasey dzanzi miyendo, koma iye anali kudzuka potero kulemekeza wakeyo.

chaka A pambuyo chiyambi cha maphunziro Oshchepkov zikuchoka woyamba Dani judo ndipo kenaka - wachiwiri. Amadziwa bwino kuphunzira chilango amanoledwa luso lake yonse ndipo analandira ufulu muvale lamba wakuda. Basil Oshchepkov anakhala munthu woyamba Russian mu mbiri, amene anali oyenerera monga mbuye wawo. Zinali mphindi ya ulemerero, iye ankalemekeza, wokondedwa atione, yotchedwa Russian chimbalangondo amene anakwaniritsa cholinga chake.

Kuwonjezera judo ku sekondale, kumene anaphunzitsidwa achinyamata wothamanga, anachititsa makalasi on:

• Japan ndi nkhani Far East;
• mabuku
• galamala;
• kuwerenga makalata;
• Translation wa nkhani m'nyuzipepala;
• kuloweza amalanga zamulungu;
• Chirasha.

Basil bwinobwino maphunziro ake 1913. satifiketi yake anadzazidwa ndi sukulu wangwiro mphambu ndi zizindikiro zingapo "zabwino".

Creation wa judo sukulu choyamba mu Russia

Mu Russia Vasily Oshchepkov anabwerera mu 1914 pambuyo maphunziro. Zakhala akufotokozera Amur usilikali District mu Harbin monga wotanthauzira mu counterintelligence. Kenako, iye afika mu Amur dipatimenti chigawo nzeru. Pa nthawi yomweyo amalenga Russia yoyamba judo sukulu.

Ichi ndi chikhomo kamphindi mu mbiri ya masewera Russian: m'chilimwe cha 1914 - ndi tsiku lobadwa wa judo dziko. Ndiye ogwetsana Japanese anali weniweni zosowa, ngakhale kuti mphamvu amphamvu masewera European. Ndipo mu Russia, m'tauni yaing'ono anachita judo gawo kumene Basil Oshchepkov Sambo ndi judo ankakhoza kuwaphunzitsa aliyense amene akufuna.

Achinyamata angathe kulowa gawo ndi kuchita ndi mphunzitsi akatswiri anapeza anthu oposa 50. Maphunziro zinachitika mu ntchito ya m'matauni anthu "Sports" mu Vladivostok, nyumba anapulumuka mpaka pano ndipo tsopano masewero olimbitsa Pacific zombo pano. Kuyambira 2012 sukulu mu Aleksandrovsk chikutchedwa mfiti wotchuka. Mu modutsa wa nyumbayi ali zithunzi Vasiliya Oschepkova.

Sukulu ofotokoza kuthamanga judo gawo, ndi anthu a anthu makumi asanu. Pokumbukira mbuye unachitikira kuno awiri dera Sambo mpikisano mu 2014 ndi 2015.

Mu Moscow, Vasily Oshchepkov judo ophunzitsidwa apolisi, apolisi ndi Red masewera a karati.

Pa ntchito yake akatswiri Vasily Sergeyevich kuphunzira mabuku kusindikiza ndi kutsatira zochita za luso losiyanasiyana, anasonkhanitsa ndi nyumba yaikulu cha 1937 malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana pofuna kudziteteza, masewera a karati ndi judo.

Malinga ndi mfundo za Encyclopedia World, olengedwa mwa England, woyamba judo Mpikisano kunja kwa Japan inachitika mu 1919. Koma yachokera nyuzipepala m'dera amatanthauza Russian Mpikisano judo imene ikuchitikira kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri pamaso pa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu European.

Kukafunafuna ntchito Vasily anapita Aleksandrovsk pa Sakhalin kumene anabadwira, ndipo amapanga chenicheni cha mafilimu. Mu September 1923, Vasily Sergeyevich amayamba mgwirizano kuberekana ndi boma asilikali Soviet - nzeru. Oshchepkov ntchito mu pseudonym "DD". Mu mafilimu, anagawana nzeru zopindulitsa, ndiye iye amabwerera Japan.

Nkhondo Itatha

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich Sambo limaphunzitsa maphunziro thupi mlangizi wa USSR. Kuphunzitsa madera Basil kukodzedwa ndipo mu 1925, iye ankagwira ntchito Novosibirsk ku sukulu apolisi. Kutsogolo, iye anapatsidwa ntchito ya womasulira usilikali, choncho akanatha pafupipafupi maulendo akunja. Oshchepkov zonse bwino mu changu chake, anaphunzira ndi katswiri njira zatsopano, kukulitsa njira zawo. Pang'onopang'ono panali mwambo wina - Sambo.

Malamulo a nkhondo anapangidwa gulu la magawo kulemera, anasintha mawonekedwe a ophunzira:

• m'malo mphasa anali kumenyana mphasa;
• zotchedwa Japanese n'kuyamba zamphepo chopapatiza;
• Zithunzizi masewera ankagwiritsa ntchito m'malo mathalauza judo;
• kulimbana omenyana anatuluka mu nsapato zapadera osati nsapato.

kusintha kwakukulu zowawa osati malamulo a kulimbana wokha, komanso nkhani yake gulu, ziyang'aniridwe kunachitidwa thanzi la ophunzira. The chanza anali chinthu chofunika aliyense mpikisano. Otsutsa kugwirana chanza wina ndi mzake isanayambe kapena itatha ndewu.

Kukula kwa masewera a karati dongosolo ndi ophunzira Oshchepkova

Oschepkovskaya dongosolo anayamba ndi bwino popanda chikoka cha yachilendo, kuphatikizapo Japanese, masukulu judo. Vasily Sergeyevich anali masewera maphunziro, koma kudzipereka kwake ndi kufika kwa malonda amakhala sayansi. Master kosalekeza luso komanso kuchita judo wapadera masewera, koma Sichikupezeka yekha ntchitoyi.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Japanese okha kuti anazindikira nkhondowo Sambo njira, nanena kuti ali wangwiro kuposa judo. Oshchepkova kumenyana kalembedwe atengedwa mu utumiki mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba mayunitsi asilikali. Master amatenga nawo mbali kukhazikitsa m'ndandanda wa "mwakonzeka Labor ndi Kuteteza ndi USSR." Mwa ophunzira a Vasily Sergeyevich anali ambuye monga:

• VG Kuzovlev;
• vv Sidorov;
• NM Galkovsky;
• IV Vasiliev;
• RA asukulu;
• AA Harlampiev ndi ambuye ena ambiri.

Mu 30s wa Oshchepkova anaitana kwa Moscow, kumene iye anali wokhoza kuphunzitsa asilikali Soviet kumenyana pa maziko a judo.

Kumangidwa ndi imfa

Mapeto a 30s panali nthawi ya mdima wambiri chifukwa judo - masewera inaletsedwa monga "mlendo kwa boma la Soviet Union la anthu wamba." M'chaka cha 1937, Vasily Sergeyevich anatsegula pa sekondale mabogi amakhazikika mu judo.

Mlengi wa kulimbana Sambo Vasily Oshchepkov kumangidwa kwa espionage mu September 1937 ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kuti adzafa m'ndende. Iye anakhala woyambitsa wa judo, koma mokomera Sambo lidaupereka, anali odzipereka kwa zofuna za Soviet apolisi, koma malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, anawomberedwa yomweyo atamangidwa, pa zina - wafa ndi matenda a mtima.

Mu 1937 Judo itachotsedwa maphunziro a mabungwe apamwamba maphunziro a maphunziro thupi. Mu September chaka chomwecho inaika lamulo pa kukopa nzika Oshchepkova kuti milandu milandu espionage mokomera Japan. Pamene kumangidwa usiku anali ofanana kudutsa dziko. Ife anagwa pansi kukayikirana mu malo oyamba amene akhala kunja. Oshchepkov mtima, mwatsoka, kwa gulu lino la anthu.

Adzaoneni tikambirane zimene anthu anamupeza ambiri odalirika ndiponso wanzeru wa nthawi. Patatha zaka 20, nkhani ya kumangidwa kwa kudzaunikidwa ndi Mukalongosola kuti Vasiliya Oschepkova atagwidwa ndi mlandu mozemba. Anazindikira kuti judo monga momwe ziliri, sikungathetse nkhani zonse adziteteze.

Pa nthawi okhwima, adaletsa kalembedwe kumenyana komanso anapeza "zaluso ufulu", pomwe njira onse amanoledwa ku ungwiro ndipo anatengedwa ku masukulu ena padziko lonse. Choncho anabadwa masewera atsopano - Sambo. Ndipo adayambanso kuphunzitsa Vasili Oshchepkov nkhondowo Sambo.

moyo

Anayambitsa Sambo Vasily Oshchepkov anakwatiwa katatu. Pambuyo chisudzulo kwa mkazi wake woyamba, Ekaterina Zhuravleva, mtima wa ngwazi wathu anakantha mtsikana 17 wazaka ku Harbin. Maria ndiye anamaliza kalasi galamala lomaliza. Zinali chokonda pakuwonana koyamba, koma Maria anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. mkazi wake wachitatu - Anna Ivanovna Kazembek, Basil zopezeka mu Moscow.

Ngakhale kuti moyo Oshchepkova anali kugwirizana ndi masewera, thanzi, ndi osiyana. Iye ngakhale maphunziro konse anavula T-malaya ndi malaya, ophunzira anati, kuti chililaka khate. Ngakhale ngati wachinyamata iye anali ndi mavuto ndi tsitsi, iye anameta mpala chifukwa lysel.

Chitsitsimutso cha judo

Mu Soviet Union Judo chitsitsimutso chinachitika mu 60s, pa nthawi yomweyo, chilango m'gulu la Olympic. Reconstituted pamaziko a masewera a karati kumenyana Sambo.

Mu mbiri ndi mbiri Oshchepkova Sambo chitukuko ndi fundo chidwi. Magwero ambiri m'banja likutchedwa tate wa chilangocho. Kumene, dziŵani kuti mmodzi wa ndiAmene wa masewera otchuka ndi compatriot wathu, zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, mu chilungamo ziyenera anati pali otsutsa mawu amenewa.

Mu mkangano uyu amaoneka nkhope wina, ndipo ndithu moyenera - Spiridonov Viktor Afanasevich, amene Komanso ankaona mpainiya Sambo wrestlers. Mwa njira, iwo anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "Samba" choyamba. Pali anthu ena amene ankati mutu wa upainiya judo ndi Sambo. Oshchepkov bwino kuwabwezera ndi udindo umenewu kuti reworked wapadera odziwika bwino masewera a karati, kulenga kalembedwe wake.

dongosolo Judo chitukuko zachokera duel Japanese Kodokan Judo. art wakhala mwaukadaulo linakonzedwanso ndipo apindula ndi njira yatsopano, anatengedwa kuchokera machitidwe ambiri padziko lonse chitetezo wa masewera a karati, kulimbana, nkhonya. Patapita nthawi, chilango chimene chasanduka abwino dongosolo kudzikonda zili.

Oshchepkova dongosolo judo anali athanzi mu 30 oyambirira. Kusintha zimathandiza kutsogolera akatswiri Soviet mu zosiyanasiyana masewera a karati, ophunzira ndi ogwira.

The chikumbukiro cha namatetule wa Sambo

Okumbukira anayambitsa judo dziko mu 2000s, anali m'bungwe thupi Sambo kudutsa Russia. M'dzinja 2012 chipilala mbuye Sambo chinamasulidwa mu Vladivostok. "Sport Judo Federation" ndi zikugwira popularization ya cholowa Oshchepkova Sakhalin. Oyang'anira mzindawo anathandiza maganizo dzina umodzi mwa misewu yatsopano mu Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk dzina lake vs Oshchepkova.

Oshchepkov analenga wapadera, latsopano karate luso zochokera judo. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa njira zokhudza, ndi ntchito wopanda zovala, zidule, anatengedwa kuchokera Chinese masewera a karati.

Polongosola mwachidule

Izo si zotheka kuti Musaone chopereka kwa masewera dziko la Vasily Sergeyevich Soviet kazitape amene ankagwira ntchito ku Japan kwa zaka zambiri. Nkhani ya moyo wake ndipo tsopano atazunguliridwa ndi nthano, wina anganene motsimikiza: wapadera umunthu - Vasily Oshchepkov. yonena wake si akamaona anthu ofufuza - okonda amene akuyesetsa kubwezeretsa zokhudza moyo wake.

Moyo wonse wa mbuye monga kukwaniritsidwa za chiweruzo zachilendo: anabadwa mu banja la akaidi anapulumuka pamene onse amwalira. Mozizwitsa ku Japan kuyang'aniridwa ndi Nicholas wa Japan anapita ku Lycée ndi yagoletsa khama. Iye anadzakhala wophunzira wa judo anayambitsa Jigoro Kano.

The nkhondo yapachiweniweni, zachiwawa wosatha Primorye - ndi anadutsa Oshchepkov Basil. Iye anali Scout mu Sakhalin ndi kugwira ntchito mu Japan, anabwerera ku Soviet Union, kwathunthu analipereka kwa zokayikitsa gawo judo anatsegula ndipo anayamba chilangochi.

Iye anatumikira mu Army Japanese, anathandizana ndi counterintelligence achifumu ndi nthawi yaitali m'dziko la dzuwa likutuluka.

Chapadera masewera kanjedza, anamwalira ali ndi zaka 44, pa nsonga za mwayi wawo kulenga, ambiri a mapulani ake wofuna, iye sankadziwa.