"Black Lachinayi" mu 1998. 1998 ofikira ku Russia

Pambuyo Soviet Union unatha, Russia pafupifupi nthawi anakumana ndi mavuto azachuma. Boma akusowa ndalama zakunja, utumiki ngongole kunja kuonetsetsa kuti izo sizikanakhala ziri. Chifukwa, nambala yaikulu osati kunja komanso mkati ngongole anapanga ngongole yaikulu anthu. Ichi chofunika chochitika otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse anapita mu mbiri monga "Black Lachinayi" mu 1998.

Likukula mofulumira ngongole anthu, kapena bwanji onse anayamba

Malinga ndi zimene zinaperekedwa ndi Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, pa nthawi ya mavuto, ndi SMP limafanana ndi madola biliyoni 24. Pamene ngongole imeneyi GKO / OFZ msika osakhala okhala ndi malonda akhalire anali $ biliyoni 36. Kukula pafupifupi ngongole pachaka si anthu anapita chithunzi cha $ biliyoni 10 chaka. Kukula zinthu dontho lakuthwa mu mtengo wa zipangizo pa msika lonse. Kutsitsa mafuta anakhudza, gasi ndi zitsulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Asia anayamba lonse mavuto azachuma. Russia a yachilendo kuwombola ndalama anatsika ndi kangapo, dola kusinthitsa ndalama mu 1998 kusinthidwa pazipita ake, ndi obwereketsa yachilendo anayamba kuona kukayikira kwambiri ndi nkhawa mawu kupereka thandizo la ndalama kuti boma ndi zinthu wosakhazikika zachuma.

Wachisoni amaganiza: zonse zinayambira mu July

Ngakhale zinthu zovuta dziko, "Black Lachinayi" mu 1998 wabweretsa ntchitoyo Michel Camdessus, ndiye udindo wa mkulu wa za IMF. Chifukwa cha mawu ake akuti ngakhale zinthu zonse ndalama IMF mu Russia sadzatha kuti apereke ngongole kuchuluka kwa $ 15 biliyoni, omwe apempha boma nkhawa za devaluation wa ndalama national anakhala makamaka pachimake.

Kale July 7 CBR kwathunthu anasiya opereka mabungwe a zachuma monga Lombard ngongole. July 9, nkhani inachitika, zotsatira zomwe boma anali ndi mwayi onse kutenga ngongole kuchuluka kwa madola biliyoni 22.6. Pa tsiku lotsatira, United Nations linalengeza kuti devaluation adzabweretsa dziko sikunachitekepo mtima, ndipo chodabwitsa, m'pofunika kuti chuma.

Fictitious kusintha maganizo

Zimene zinachitika mu dziko kumapeto July, anatipatsa chiyembekezo kuti Sanapezeke 1998 simungakhoze kutenga malo. Choncho, 29 boma wakhala allocated ndi tranche woyamba wa ngongole yachilendo mtundu mwadzidzidzi. kukula kwake inali pafupi $ 14 biliyoni. devaluation amuleka wakhala anaphwa. 24 chimodzimodzi mlingo mwezi refinancing anali adatchithisira ndi mtengo wa 60%. Pang'ono m'malo mwa zabwino amaganiza ntchito Andreya Illarionova, anali mkulu wa Institute Economic. Iye anatsutsa mfundo nduna ya boma ndi kuumirira mofulumira ndi devaluation wa ndalama dziko.

Zochitika za August 1998 - ndi chiyerekezo cha mavuto

The 1998 mavuto mu Russia anayamba kuvutika patapita tizigona zosakhalitsa 5 August, pamene boma anafunsa State kuonjezera sankakhala malire kwa $ 6 biliyoni mpaka 14. njira Izi bwino zimasonyeza mfundo yakuti dziko si angathe ndalama bajeti ake ku magwero zoweta.

Pa August 6 States anali anaperekeranji tranche lachitatu ya kukhazikitsanso chuma cha $ 1.5 biliyoni. Russian ngongole pa dziko msika agwa kuti mfundo zawo kuthungo. 1998 "Black Lachinayi" chaka anali adza posachedwa.

Kugwa mwapang'onopang'ono chuma

Kugwa mosalephera mawu a sheya Russian alipire 11 August. Mukuchita RTS waponya patsiku ndi 7.5%. Ichi chinali chifukwa wotseka malonda. Masana, magombe ceaselessly anapitiriza kugula ndalama zakunja. Madzulo a tsiku lomwelo pamene mu 1998 dollar kusinthitsa ndalama wafika pachimake, ambiri a mabanki waukulu mu dziko asiya ntchito zawo zonse.

Pa August 12, chidwi lakuthwa mu ndalama anakhala mupeze kuima lathunthu la interbank ngongole msika. Iwo anayamba mavuto liquidity. Banks kuti muyenera yambiri ndalama kuti akwaniritse udindo, pa zimenezi patsogolo, kuti anakumana ndi mavuto alipire cha ngongole. CB proinitsiiroval malire kuchepetsa kwa ndalama mabanki kochitira malonda, kuposa kwambiri yafupika ndalama zawo pa ntchito yokonza ruble lapansi. Agency Moody`s ndi Standard & Poor`s August 13, analengeza sakuyendetsa lakuthwa mu yaitali ngongole mlingo wa boma. Mtumiki wa Finance ndi wachiwiri Director of Bank ku Central lipoti m'nyuzipepala kuti msika kuwombola ena ndi boma msika chomangira mfundo imeneyi pa adzathandiza anthu ndi osunga ndalama pa. August 14, Tingaone m'misewu m'mphepete pamzera lonse la depositors amene anali kuyesera kuti achire ndalama zawo.

"Black Lachinayi" mu 1998

Black osajambulidwa pa mbiri Russian lotchedwa "Black Lachinayi" kutanthauza luso kusakhulupirika kwa dziko, kulephera kwake kupereka udindo wake - kaya kunja kapena mkati. August 17, patapita kulankhula Sergeya Kirienko, agwilitse positi mutu wa boma, zinadziwika kuti devaluation zinachitika. Iye analankhula za ntchito umalimbana ndi olimba ndi normalization wa onse chuma ndi mfundo zachuma.

masiku 90 inaimitsidwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa wosamalira ochokera m'mayiko akunja pa ngongole kwa wotuluka mwa chimango cha opangidwa kuchokera ku msika ndi ina mpheto. Kwathunthu anasiya kugulitsa T-ngongole. Russia kwapita kuti yoyandama mlingo kuwombola. Pambuyo yowonjezera kulowera cha rubles 6 9,3 pa dola kulamulira zinthu Boma sadathe. 1998, dollar mu miyezi iwiri yokha chawonjezeka kangapo, ndipo mu October anali 15.9 rubles pa dola, poyerekeza ndi rubles 6 pachiyambi chilimwe 1998.

Chimene chinkachitika mu dziko pambuyo defaulting?

Pambuyo 1998 kusakhulupirika inali yololedwa analengeza, magombe anasiya opereka madipoziti yomweyo. Zilinso chifukwa chakuti mabungwe a zachuma udindo anasonyeza ndalama ndiponso zinthu - mu rubles. Mukayamba opereka madipoziti pamaso pa devaluation, kodi kupanga dzenje pepala, limene mwina kusokoneza dongosolo lonse banki ya boma.

Organization za Visa Int International. oletsedwa poika dziko "Imperial" khadi yaikulu ku banki. Onse a mabungwe a zachuma analimbikitsidwa kupewa opereka ndalama pa makadi. mu 1998. dollar mkulu wakhala maziko loletsa pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusiyana pakati pa ogula ndi kugulitsa ndalama zoposa 15%. Pali kusankha achilengedwe a mabungwe a zachuma, kusiya kokha kwambiri. chokana chidapatsidwa mwa kukhazikitsa utsogoleli zosakhalitsa. Kukongoza kuti maboma ndalama chinachitika pa zikhalidwe kufala pa kutaya shareholdings boma. Ndiyeno panali lamulo pa kuchotsa mphamvu kwa nduna ndi kuchotsedwa mutu wa zochitika boma.

zomvetsa ndalama

A chiyeso ndi malingaliro atsopano amakumbukira anthu ambiri dzikolo 1998. Pofikira mu Russia zawachititsa kuti asakhalenso mu August madola biliyoni 96. zomvetsa gawo makampani anakwana osachepera $ 19 biliyoni. Malonda mabungwe a zachuma zowawa zomvetsa kuchuluka kwa madola biliyoni 45. Akatswiri ambiri a dziko chuma timakonda kukhulupirira kuti Chiwerengerochi ndi otsika.

GDP anagwa $ biliyoni 150. Mayendedwe a wamangawa padziko lonse lapansi anali chikhomedwere pa Russia anali mu August 1998. ruble ali depreciated zayamba, ndi kunja ngongole katundu nthawi yomweyo si ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni 220. ndalamazo limafanana 147% ya GDP. The ngongole kunja - si chinthu chokha chimene anabweretsa 1998. Pofikira mu Russia kwachititsa ngongole zoweta. udindo General wa boma kuti mzika za dziko anakwana madola mabiliyoni 300 womwe ndi 200% ya GDP. Anaikira mu kumadzulo kwa dongosolo la thililiyoni 1.2 madola, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku zosavomerezeka ku America. A kuphatikiza lalikulu kuti dziko analandira pambuyo "Black Lachinayi" - kusiyiratu wathunthu wa chuma pa chitsanzo chokwanira komanso chitukuko yogwira pafupifupi zigawo zonse zochitika pa malo amene mpaka pamene mavutowo anali kunja.