Botanical Garden Ras: Kodi izo ziri? chithunzi

Botanical m'munda wa dziko - pa Russian Academy of Sciences N. V. Tsitsina ankaona yaikulu m'dziko lathu ndi mu Europe. chilimwe otsiriza, kuti achite kubadwa kwake 70.

nkhani

M'mbuyomu m'mbiri a botanical munda zovuta ndi olemera. Analengedwa alembedwa zikalata - 1945. Chaka chino, mayiko a USSR Academy of Sciences m'gawo la Ostankino Park, anaganiza bungwe latsopano botanical m'munda.

zaka 400 pa dera la "Ostankino" zigawo anali nkhalango moti, chimene anabalalika midzi. Malowa analengedwa kuti kusaka ose ndipo zimabala huntsmen achifumu. Kuyambira 1558 m'dziko lino kuti wakhala anadandaula Satinu Alekseyu Ivanom Groznym, anasintha eni ambiri.

Kuyambira 1743 "Ostankino" zipita manja Sheremetievs ukwati wa Peter Borisovich Mfumukazi Varvara Cherkassy. Ndipotu mkazi tsogolo analandira malowolo a kwambiri m'dziko, kuphatikizapo uchikumbe lapansi. Patapita kanthawi, kuteteza malo wapadera kupezeka kwa mwana wawo Nikolai Sheremetev. Iwo anayambitsanso loletsa pa odyetserako, yodula mitengo, nyama, kutola zipatso ndi bowa, ndipo amafuna ulamuliro kuyamba mu munda "gulyalschikov".

The cha m'ma XIX zinali zodzaza ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kusalankhula ng'ombe ikudya, chiwonongeko kusalankhula za nyama ndi mbalame zakuthengo.

Zitasintha, malamulo akhala zapita loletsa yodula a mbadwa kakwamba paki nkhalango, yomwe mosamalitsa kuchita ngakhale mu nthawi yovuta ya nkhondo, ndipo chinapulumutsa munda "Ostankino".

munda Chipinda

Botanical Garden Ras, makamaka mbali chapakati, - wapadera Otetezedwa nkhalango dziko m'deralo. Free mwayi kwa munda kumeneko, mitengo yake pafupifupi zaka pafupifupi 160, ngakhale pali toyesa lapadera, lomwe zaka 300. Pali birch, mapulo, spruce ndi Aspen, phiri phulusa, ndi mitengo ina Kroon amabisa tchire yaikulu :. Hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, spindle mtengo. Pansi pamphasa busa la anemones wosakhwima, lungwort, onunkhira kakombo, sedge waubweya, Chickweed, ndi ena. Kukula kokha m'nkhalango thundu, amene anazindikira mwa muyezo Russian nkhalango chapakati yotakata-Ndalankhula.

zopereka ndi munda onse kukhudzana ndi masoka ndiponso kuti azisangalala yosayenera kwa kukula pano mitengo ndi birches.

Masiku ano, Botanical Garden Tsitsin Ras - ndi 331 mahekitala wapadera chopereka ndalama. Izi oposa 18 000 mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathuli. Mu 1991, mu chikondwerero m'mlengalenga wa chachikulu Russian botanical munda wotchedwa chachikulu academician ndi otchuka katswiri breeder ndi zachibadwa Nikolaya Vasilevicha Tsitsina, amene anawatsogolera zaka zoposa 35, kuchokera tsiku loyamba la maziko ake.

Kupititsa magawano

Pamene munakonza ntchito yaikulu inali ku munda dongosolo la zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho m'nyumba ndi panja, chimene chingalowe ngati kuli kotheka kuti apambane kapena kuti malo achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kusonyeza m'madipatimenti USSR zomera zinalengedwa:

- European gawo la Union;

- North Caucasus;

- Siberia dera;

- Central Asia;

- Far East.

Aliyense wa zigawo zinalengedwa zinthu zapadera pafupi zenizeni. Monga: zofunda wapadera mchenga, miyala mchere kapena mitsinje zinalengedwa kuonjezera chinyezi, kapena alimbane filimu wapadera. zomera zonse anakwiriridwa osakaniza zimene zimachitika mu uthunthu weniweni.

Botanical Garden ya Russian Academy of Sciences kuti chiyesedwe cha mitundu yatsopano mbewu wakhala malo a chilengedwe cha kumayambiriro nazale.

Ndinakumana, lero alipo, ali ndi maina ena. Iwo alipo chomera akusonyeza Far East, Siberia, Central Asia, Caucasus ndi Eastern Europe.

Mbali yaikulu lero, inu mukhoza kuwona zomera Titafika pamalo, coniferous-mitundu coniferous nkhalango coniferous, m'zipululu, steppes ndi meadows.

Kutola zopereka munda amafuna kuchotsa molondola zomera chikhalidwe. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kuyambira 1946, maulendo anatumizidwa ku madera osiyanasiyana achilengedwe a Soviet Union. mwapadera linaperekedwa mitundu osowa kapena pangozi.

Floristic zosiyanasiyana m'munda nthawi zonse kusintha. Makamaka zosiyanasiyana izo zinali mu 1990. Lero, munda ndi malo Ras anthu ndi alendo a mzinda.

Alendo a mzinda, kukaona zokopa zosiyanasiyana likulu, onetsetsani kuti abwere mu Botanical Garden ya Ras. Moscow, kuimira munda waukulu wa dziko, amapereka kuona kukhudzana osiyanasiyana zomera.

Ndinakumana zomera a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi ku Central Asia, zomera

Pafupifupi 6 mahekitala wa kufotokoza zomera a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Ndi mitundu yopitirira 300 ndi mitundu ya zomera: 20 mitundu ya mbewu zake, pafupifupi 30 mitundu ya zitsamba ndi mitundu pa 200 zomera herbaceous, ambiri amene anabwera ku Carpathians.

Main Botanical Garden ya Russian Academy of Sciences ndi wamkulu Tsitsin kukhudzana Central Asia zomera. Idamangidwa atatsala pang'ono nkhondo pa Mpheta Hills mu Moscow Botanical Garden wa USSR Academy of Sciences. Nkhondo itatha mosamala anasamukira ku gawo zomera (imapezeka "Ostankino"). Koma izo zakhala Kufikika alendo yekha mu 1953. Apa ife kulengedwanso botanical zachilengedwe ndi zinthu lawolawo. Zambiri phiri chipululu mtunda analenga kuchokera ku dothi ukachenjede. Mu akupereka zone izi coniferous ndi nkhalango mitundu madambo ya m'mapiri ndi subalpine udzu, ndi mapiri amiyala, ndi mitundu ya zomera pangozi. Taganizirani mbali yaikulu ya anasonyeza kungakhale pamwamba zithunzi yokumba.

Padzuwa la zomera za Caucasus, Siberia ndi Far East

Malo pafupifupi 2.5 mahekitala zomera chionetsero amatenga Caucasus. Ndi mitundu yoposa 300 ya zomera zake, kuphatikizapo mitundu 23 kawirikawiri ndi pangozi. Iwo ili yokumba phiri mtunda ndi chigwa nkhalango.

Zoposa 200 mitundu ya zomera pamodzi padzuwa la zomera Siberia. Wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho awa mitundu yoposa 50 ankaona pangozi kapena osowa.

Chimodzi mwa chidwi zopereka - zomera chionetsero cha Kummawa. mitundu pafupifupi 400 zone izi zili m'dera la mahekitala 8.5.

Thematic m'madera GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

Botanical Garden ya Russian Academy of Sciences mu 1950, anamaliza kulenga ya kulongosola zomera zothandiza zakutchire. udzu onse osatha anabzala zitunda, m'deralo, anatengedwa kuchokera mu chirengedwe. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kukhudzana uyu wa zitsamba ndi mitengo. Okonza, mapulani ndi kubzala mbewu ensembles wapangidwa gulu lawo m'munda wa ntchito yawo ikuyendera.

Mbali yoyamba - ndi zofunika mafuta, mankhwala ndi insecticidal zomera. Iwo kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za munthu kapena nyama ndi kutenga katundu poizoni.

Gawo lachiwiri - chomera luso kwambiri. Izi CHIKWANGWANI, ankaudaya ndi pofufuta. Zomera zimenezi kale, ndipo tsopano ntchito mu makampani.

Gawo lachitatu - chakudya ndi uchi. Zomera zimene chakudya kwa ziweto (udzu, silage, msipu).

Wachinayi gawo - chakudya zomera. Iwo kuti athandizire la munthu. Izi vitamini, amakoma zonunkhira, tiyi ndi nastoechnye.

arboretum

Botanical Garden N. V. Tsitsina Ras amapulumutsa za 1700 mtengo ndi chitsamba chilichonse mitundu. Iwo anasonkhana ku dera la arboretum (pa 75 mahekitala). Botanical Garden ya Russian Academy of Sciences inamangidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa malo a paki, ndiko kuti, zimagwidwa systematized. Kudera limeneli makamaka wokongola mu kasupe oyambirira m'dzinja tsamba kugwa. Koma yozizira si zochepa chidwi kuyenda mwa conifers chofewa chili pamwamba wobisa kukongola.

"Heather ndi Garden Japanese"

The arboretum ali wapadera chionetsero - "Heather munda". Iwo anabweretsedwa kuchokera Germany mitundu wapadera wa Eric ndi pafupifupi 20 mitundu ya Heather. Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi nyumba zasayansi ndipo atazungulira conifers, barberry, spirea ndipo rhododendrons.

No zochepa omveka ndi wapadera kulongosola GBS - "Japanese Garden". Tidakulengani ndi thandizo la ofesi ya kazembe Japanese ku likulu. Pa zilumba litapita mitundu osowa wa chitumbuwa, mitundu yokongola mtengo m'dera ndi zitsamba. Zawo zokongola mozungulira amatunga yokumba ndi kuchuluka kwa milatho pagoda ndi nyimbo mwala.

chosangalatsa kwambiri mndandanda wa maluwa limatenga 2.5 mahekitala.

Akuti makope yaulele ya kutentha kwa. Iwo kunja kwa Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar ndi mayiko ena woyendera nthambi yamphamvu. Oposa zana mitundu ya iwo analowa mu mayiko Red Book.

Wapadera kennel mu Botanical Garden wa Moscow

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yaikulu kafukufuku, GBS ogwira ntchito kuswana, kuswana ndi kugulitsa mbewu ndi mbande ya mitundu yodziwika ndi yatsopano ya zomera. Kennel amapereka kwa kugulitsa kubzala chuma mitengo mitundu mphesa, zitsamba, udzu osatha, clematis ndi mitengo ya zipatso. zomera wotchuka kwambiri mu Botanical Garden ya Russian Academy of Sciences. Mitengo ndi otsika kwambiri, ndi khalidwe la zinthu kubzala ndi mkulu. mbande zikugwira kukhazikitsa malo ogulitsira awiri. Limodzi (waukulu) panjira. Botanical, 31, moyang'anana ndi khomo lolowera yaikulu ya GBS.

mayunitsi Special ya Ras

Botanical Garden nkhokwe Ras. Komarova V. L. ili St. Petersburg, pachilumba cha Apothecary. Ndi gulu la Russian Academy of Sciences. Mbiri yake kumayambira XVIII atumwi ndi munda apothecary. Idamangidwa ndi Peter I. Poyamba, ndithudi, amayenera kukula zomera mankhwala.

Ndi pakati pa XIX Apothecary Garden anali ziyambe kukonzedwa kwambiri chifukwa chithandizo pa zonse ayi. Alexander ndinalamula wake V. P. Kochubeyu, amene anapereka pulani ya kukhazikitsanso m'munda. Tsopano wakhala chimake cha ntchito zake kafukufuku. Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa Apothecary Garden pafupifupi kawiri. Ngakhale inayamba kulinganiza Maulendo sayansi. Garden mwachangu anayamba mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XX.

Mogwirizana ndi chikondwerero cha bicentenary wa Botanical Garden mu 1913, iye anapatsidwa dzina la Petra Velikogo. Zitasintha, anakhala waukulu botanical munda wa Russian Republic Soviet. Pa nthawi yomweyo yogona asilikali ake ndi greenhouses payekha anatitumiza.

Mu 1930 munda reassign USSR Academy of Sciences. Chaka chotsatira, izo ophatikizidwa ndi Museum Botanical. Chifukwa cha Institute Botanical unakhazikitsidwa. Pa anatseka misewu, ngakhale khama la antchito, m'munda lowonongeka. Choncho, ntchito yaikulu yokonza zinachitikadi mu nthawi pambuyo nkhondo. Tsopano ichi ndi chachikulu munda arboretum. Iye kutikonda kwambiri St. Petersburg okhala ndi alendo omwe.

Wina magawano lapadera Academy of Sciences - ndi UC Botanical Garden Ras. Ili mu Republic of Bashkortostan. Munda unali wautali ndi zovuta njira ya chitukuko.

Masiku ano, iye ali kusonkhanitsa yaikulu ya zomera, monyadira zikayenda yowala sayansi m'munda wa maphunziro a mitundu yakuthengo ya zomera la mabwalo ndi kuswana zomera yokongola.

Pomaliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa kumene kupita ngati mumakonda chikhalidwe, maluwa ndi zomera. Botanical munda AN Tsitsin Ras - ndipo ichi ndicho chidwi malo kudzacheza.