Carl Von Clausewitz: mfundo ku yonena za, ntchito, makoti

The ntchito wotchuka a kazembe Prussian dzina lake Carl Von Clausewitz amadziwika kuti munthu aliyense ophunzira - ". Pa nkhondo" ndemanga Ngakhale kuti mawu a Clausewitz ndi ubiquitous, anthu ochepa akhoza kuwerenga izi ntchito 700 tsamba, kugubuduza lingaliro la nkhondo asilikali.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Carl Von Clausewitz anali ochokera m'banja lapamwamba la amazikonda anthu otchuka. Iye anayamba ntchito yake asilikali 1792. Patapita zaka zisanu, anayamba maphunziro a Berlin usilikali Academy. Clausewitz kenako kwa malo msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja, choncho anayamba kutumikira m'nyumba ya Prince August la Prussia. asilikali Young anali nawo otsutsana Prussia ndi France, amene anabwera kwa zaka 1806-1807. Pamene Prussia anagonja Carl Von Clausewitz anatenga nawo mbali pa chitukuko cha kusintha zokhudza nkhondo. Nthawi imeneyi, nawonso anayamba kuphunzitsa pa sukulu ndi kulemba kafukufuku wake woyamba pepala - ". Zoyamba za nkhondo"

Posakhalitsa, Europe anayamba kuzindikira kusapeŵeka kwa mkangano Russia ndi France. Clausewitz ankabwera ku Russia ndi kuyamba utumiki wa asilikali a Russian, kumene anamenyana pa nkhondo ya pansi pa utsogoleri wa General P. P. Palena. Clausewitz nawo Nkhondo ya Borodino.

Ndinayamba maphunziro ongolankhula

Kuyambira ndi 1818 theorist asilikali ntchito monga mkulu wa sukulu asilikali Berlin. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndiye mokwanira ongolankhula kuphunzira zokhudza nkhondo. Zoposa 130 nkhondo ndi mikangano - ndicho chiwerengero cha nkhani imene mwaphunzira pamene Carl Von Clausewitz.

"Pa nkhondo" - ntchito yaikulu ya kazembe, koma kuphatikiza pa ntchito imeneyi, iye analemba maphunziro ambiri a. Mu ntchito yake umuna, Clausewitz anafufuza mfundo monga cholinga cha nkhondo, wokhutira, njira ya chigonjetso ndi kugonjetsedwa. Clausewitz ndi kafukufuku choyamba, amene anafotokoza chinthu abwino nkhondo.

Zinali Carl Von Clausewitz anayambitsa chinthu monga "ntchito ya usilikali". Mawu amenewa anamvetsa unyolo ongolankhula nkhondo ndi magulu ankhondo a kukwaniritsidwa kwa cholinga chinachake. Clausewitz anatha kutsimikizira kuti pa nthawi ya nkhondo zimayamba nkhondo - ndi zipolowe zida pakati pa magulu awiri otsutsanawa. A zosiyanasiyana atsogoleri zidule ndipo amayendayenda mwatsatanetsatane zitha marginally kwambiri zotsatira wonse wa nkhondo, amene pamapeto pake anatsimikiza ndi muyezo wa makamu.

"Pa nkhondo" - ntchito yaikulu ya General kwambiri

Clausewitz ndi ntchito yaikulu linasindikizidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake (mkulu anafa kolera). The lonena "Pa nkhondo", lofalitsidwa mu 1832, ndi kuphunzira chosakwanira. Pa moyo wa onse anasintha zina maganizo, koma kusintha ntchito ndipo analibe nthawi.

Amadziwika kuti theorist akulu, motsogoleredwa ndi worldview ya atsogoleri ambiri ankhondo kumayambiriro kwa XIX - zaka XX - ndi Carl Von Clausewitz. Books ndipo adalemba kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yaikulu - ndi "Mfundo za nkhondo", "Ntchito ku Italy Napoleon Bonaparte," "Lingaliro German nkhondo". Ntchito pa phunziro ili lalikulu - "Pa nkhondo" - Clausewitz anapitiriza moyo wake wonse.

Mu ntchito zake, mkulu wa asilikali anali ndi chidwi kusiyana makamaka mfuti atumwi wotsiriza ndi theka. Anakwanitsa kusonyeza kulephera kwa otchedwa nkhondo nduna zimene zinachitika XVII wa - zaka XVIII. mavuto amenewa, iye anatha kutsutsa mphezi adzagonjetsa Napoleon. Cholinga chawo mtheradi kunalibe attrition wa mdani, ndipo contrition m'mavuto. Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito zake "Pa nkhondo" Clausewitz anaona Kuwulura zinsinsi yachangu kupambana Napoleon a.

mtima Clausewitz ku Russia

Ali kumeneko mu Russian Ufumu, Clausewitz sanathe kapena kukonda anthu Russian, osati kuphunzira Chirasha - mosiyana compatriot wake Mfumukazi Catherine II. Ngakhale izi, maphunziro ake ongolankhula mu Russian Ufumu kwa nthawi yaitali unachita kuposa mu Germany kwawo. Chifanizo cha ambiri izi anamugwiritsa ntchito Leo Tolstoy yotchuka buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Koma panali asilikali, umene Clausewitz anali chabe moperewera German, kumene zimavuta kupeza zinthu zatsopano.

Carl Von Clausewitz: makoti, muyenera osati nkhondo

Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro a Clausewitz zimagwira ntchito osati zochitika asilikali komanso m'madera monga malonda, mtundu nkhondo, atasemphana ndale. "Cholinga cha nkhondo ndi mtendere akwaniritsa pa mawu amene zipindula kwa wopambana" - ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za Clausewitz, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ena kuwonjezera pa zochitika asilikali.

Clausewitz motsimikiza anakana otchuka pa nthawi ankaganiza kuti kusonyeza asilikali wolemba Genrih Zhomini, zochita nkhondo ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti postulates ndi ongolankhula ndi kachitidwe. "The adaniwo, - analemba Carl Von Clausewitz - ndi mchitidwe chachiwiri cha chigonjetso, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa yapambana kwambiri" The mbali yaikulu ya bwino kugunda aliyense ndi chisokonezo Clausewitz ankaona chigawo makhalidwe - .. Mphamvu ya mzimu "Popanda mtsogoleri wolimba mtima kwambiri Sindingachite ... "- anaona wake mkulu mabuku.

Clausewitz adaachauza, "Anthu amene sindikukumbukira zakale salephera kubwereza izo." nkhondo, iye anakhulupirira mkulu wa asilikali, izo si zipolowe za pakati pa asilikali awiri lotsutsa - palokha ndi kupitiriza malamulo.

Pambuyo ntchito "Pa nkhondo" anakhala m'bukhu kuti ndiye odziwika theorist asilikali Helmut Von Moltke, Clausewitz anakhala wachilembo wotchuka mu Europe. Ambiri otchuka atsogoleri a asilikali ankatsogoleredwa ndi ntchito zake.