Ofufuza masiku ano apeza

Zikuoneka kuti tsopano ali masiku otulukira, anatsala pa mapu woyera mawanga. Koma likukhalira, ndipo lero mukhoza kuyenda ndi kuphunzira ngodya Bakuman dzikoli. Tiyerekeze ife tapeza kale m'maiko onse ndi zisumbu, ngakhale malo mukhoza kuona malo akutali kwambiri ndi kuwerengedwa, ndi kufuna kudziwa maganizo a anthu amakhazikitsa yokha mavuto atsopano ndi kuwathetsa, bungwe Maulendo. Kodi wapaulendo zamakono za m'ma 21?

Mayina a wapaulendo zamakono

Pamene tikumbukira apainiya wotchuka, pamodzi ndi wamkulu Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen ndi Lazarev, ndi ena, kuyankhula za m'nthawi yathu. Mayina Cousteau, Heyerdahl, Sienkiewicz, Konyukhov komanso ofufuza ena kumveka ngati nyimbo kuphunzira lathuli. apaulendo zamakono anatulukira ndi zabwino Mwachitsanzo kutsatira.

Jacques IV Kusto

Cousteau - ndi oceanographer waukulu kwambiri French wasayansi ndi kafukufuku. Ichi ndi munthu amene anatulukira dziko m'madzi anthu. Manja ake anapangidwa magalasi kwa pamadzi, ndi aqualung choyamba, zida ndi chotengera woyamba sayansi kuphunzira kuya nyanja. Iye amakhala woyamba filimu mfuti madzi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu ndi mwayi kusuntha momasuka madzi ndi kumira kuti akuya 90 m. Motsogozedwa woyamba Cousteau Maulendo m'madzi anali m'magulu. Choyamba chinali kafukufuku pofukula pansi pa nyanja ndi kulasa yakuya makilomita angapo.

Pamene Cousteau analenga "m'madzi kozungulira" - ndi mini-sitima zapamadzi kufufuza kuthekera ndime madzi chawonjezeka kwambiri. Kupitiriza inachokera pa nthawi ya okwerera kafukufuku m'madzi komwe apaulendo ano ali ndi miyezi ingapo ndipo akhoza kupanga kuzipenya mwachindunji m'nyanja.

Chifukwa cha zaka za ntchito phunziro Cousteau m'madzi dziko anayamba mabuku ndi mafilimu kuti ndi kutchuka kwambiri: "Mliri World", "World Popanda Sun" zopelekedwa zino "Obisika Odyssey Cousteau". Kuyambira mu 1957, anali kupita ndi Oceanographic Museum ku Monaco. "Cousteau Society kwa sitima Nature Conservation" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1973.

Pakati maulemu wake, iye anakhulupirira waukulu Legiyo Ulemu. Cousteau atamwalira mu 1997 ku Paris.

Thor Heyerdahl

Dzina limeneli ndi bwino kwa aliyense amene ngakhale pang'ono okonda kuyenda. Thor Heyerdahl wotchuka ulendo anayesetsa kutsimikizira mfundo yake ndi maganizo ndi kuthetsa m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko.

Heyerdahl woyamba atalemba kuti zilumba za Polynesia akanatha litadzala ndi ochokera America South. Pofuna kutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi, apaulendo ano motsogozedwa wake anapanga ulendo isanachitikepo pa balsa raft "Kon-Tiki" pa Pacific. Kumenya za 8000 kukafika mu masiku 101, maulendowa anafika Islands Tuamotu. Mu nkhani iyi, raft ali anapitiriza buoyancy ake, ndipo ngati osati mkuntho, mwina anayimitsa mpaka kugombe la Asia.

Pambuyo Maulendo pa bango bwato "Ra" ndi "Ra-2", kutanthauza kuti anayenera compatriot wathu Yuri Senkevich. Bwato "Tigirisi", kusambira mu zomwe amasonyeza kuti n'zotheka limasonyeza pakati Mesopotamia ndi chilumba cha Hindustan, unawotchedwa ndi timu mu Zionetsero ndi nkhondo pa gombe la Djibouti, ndi ulendo sanali anamaliza.

Heyerdahl m'madera ambiri sanagwirizane ndi dziko la sayansi ndi kuika patsogolo ziphunzitso zawo. Kwa zaka zambiri, iye anaphunzira zinsinsi za Isitala Island, makamaka magwero a quarries wotchuka mwala. Tours ankanena kuti zifaniziro chimphona anali chopangidwa ndi kwa malo a mbadwa wa chisumbucho, yemwe analibe zipangizo zamakono miyala processing ndi magalimoto. Ndipo zotsatira za kafukufuku wake anali zokopa, ngakhale losadziwika asayansi ambiri.

Ziphunzitso maganizo Heyerdahl cholemba komanso nkhani ubale pakati pa Scandinavia ndi anthu a Caucasus ndi Azov. Iye anakhulupirira kuti Scandinavia - kuchokera North Caucasus. Koma kutsimikizira chiphunzitso ichi kupewedwa imfa mu 2002.

Heyerdahl mabuku ambiri onena za malingaliro ake pa chitukuko cha dziko ndi kuyenda, zopelekedwa mafilimu anapanga adakali chisangalalo ndi chidwi aliyense.

Yuri Senkevich

Modern Russian wapaulendo ndi gulu la otchuka TV pulogalamu mu dziko lathu, "Travel Club", wofufuza kumalo ozizira, iye anali nawo 12 Soviet Antarctic ulendo.

Mu 1969, gulu la maulendowa kwa "Ra" Thor Heyerdahl analemba kalata kwa Academy of Sciences wa USSR ndi pempho kuchita nawo dokotala ake ndi chidziwitso chabwino cha Chingerezi, wodziwa Maulendo ndi nthabwala. Chisankho anagwa pa Sienkiewicz. Mokondwera ndi wansangala, ndi kaonedwe chidaliro pa moyo ndi maluso a ogwira ntchito ndi, Yuri mwamsanga abwenzi ndi Heyerdahl ndi anthu ena timu.

Zitatero, iwo sikuti nawo maulendo a wotchuka Norway. maphunziro ambiri Heyerdahl anadziwika Soviet wowerenga yomweyo chifukwa cha TV, amene kunachitidwa ndi Yuri Senkevich. "Club kinoputeshestvy" anakhala ambiri zenera mu dziko, amalola kuti timudziwe bwino malo osangalatsa mu dziko. kutengerapo alendo kukhala apaulendo wamakono: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Yatsek Palkevich, Carlo Mauri, ndi ena ambiri.

Sienkiewicz nawo thandizo la mankhwala a Maulendo ku North Pole ndi phiri la Everest. Yuri Alexandrovich anamwalira mu 2006 pa malo a TV pulogalamu lotsatira.

Tim Severin

apaulendo zambiri zamakono kubwereza maulendo panyanja ndi ofufuza zakale. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri - Briton Tim Severin.

ulendo wake woyamba anapanga mapazi a Marco Polo pa njinga zamoto. Atachoka Venice, Severin ndi comrades wake anawoloka pafupifupi lonse la Asia ndipo anafika m'malire a China. Panayenera kumaliza ulendo, monga chilolezo kuchezera dziko anachirandirira. liwunikidwenso anatsatira wa Mississippi Mtsinje (pamene ulendowo uli mkati pa bwato ndi lamoto). Maulendowa lotsatira - kuchokera St. Brendan a ku America ..

Anauziridwa ndi Zopatsa wa Sinbad Woyendetsa Sitima Yapamadzi ndi, Severin anasintha kuchoka Oman ku China pa Sitima, motsogozedwa yekha ndi nyenyezi. Mu 1984, Severin ndi 20 oarsmen timu mobwerezabwereza njira ya Argonauts mu Colchis (West Georgia). Chaka chotsatira iye anapanga ulendo mapazi a Odysseus ku ndakatulo Homer ya dzina chomwecho osabvunda.

Izi ndi zina chabe maulendo Severin. Pa Zopatsa wake, iye analemba buku chidwi, koma "Ulendo Sinbad" anali kupereka yapamwamba Thomas Cook.

Modern apaulendo m'ma 21

Ngakhale kuti khoti kwa zaka za m'ma 21, mzimu wa chikondi kwa ulendo ndi kuyenda silinathe. Ndipo tsopano pali anthu amene sangathe kukhala mu chitonthozo cha kunyumba, iwo amakopeka zosadziwika, osadziwika.

Mwa iwo alipo masiku ano apaulendo Russian. Mwina wotchuka kwambiri a iwo Fyodor Konyukhov.

Fedor Konyukhov

Dzinali kawirikawiri anawonjezera kuti "woyamba". Iye anali woyamba wa ku Russia anafika mizati zitatu za dziko lapansi: North, South, ndi pa Everest. Woyamba mu dziko anapambana mizati isanu - adaonjezeredwa ku Pole wakale Inaccessibility ku Antarctica ndi Cape Horn, imatengedwa ngati kuti boaters. Woyamba wa ku Russia anagonjetsa "Big Zisanu ndi ziwiri" - kukwera nsonga chapamwamba mayiko onse kupatula Europe ndi Asia payokha.

Chifukwa cha maulendo ake ambiri, makamaka kwambiri. Grooms anapanga anayi ulendo yatchi padziko lonse. Masewerera a Ski kusintha Member "wa USSR - wa North Pole - Canada".

mabuku zake zikuwerengedwa mpweya umodzi. Ndipo yokonzekera tsogolo - kuzungulira dziko mu chibaluni.

wotchedwa Dmitry Shparo

Paja: Wofufuzayo kumalo ozizira ndi kafukufuku. Back mu 1970, anali kupita maulendowa ski kuzilumba za Komsomolskaya Pravda. Patatha zaka zitatu, anakonza ulendo wa Taimyr Peninsula muzosaka za nyumba yosungiramo katundu wa anthu otchuka kumalo ozizira wofufuza Eduard Dipo. Mu 1979, pansi pa utsogoleri wake, woyesedwa poyamba ulendo m'dzikoli kuti Masewerera a Ski ku North Pole.

Mmodzi wa yokopa wotchuka - kuti Canada mwa Ocean Arctic mbali ya olowa Soviet-Canada ulendo.

Mu 1998, pamodzi ndi mwana pa zipangizo anawoloka ya Bering Strait. Mu 2008, anakonza maulendo awiri North Pole. Mmodzi wa iwo amadziwika kupambana yoyamba Pole pa zipangizo usiku. A yachiwiri mtsikana achinyamata zaka 16-18.

Wotchedwa Dmitry Shparo - Club kulinganiza za "Wongosangalatsa." zokakamiza amachititsa marathons kudutsa dziko ndi nawo anthu njinga ya olumala. Wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse kukwera Kazbek chikuku ku Caucasus, Russia ndi Norway.

apaulendo zamakono

Geography kuyenda ano ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Kwenikweni izo wamng'ono kudziwika ndi madera akutali a Dziko Lapansi. maulendo Zimenezi zidzachitika pansi kwambiri zinthu, amafuna yaikulu ya mphamvu zonse.

Inde, nkhani ina n'zovuta kuphimba onse maina. Anatoly Khizhnyak akuyendayenda mafuko wamng'ono wodziwika mu nkhalango ya Amazon ndi Papua New Guinea ... Naomi Uemura, yekha kupanga ulendo wa North Pole, kusambira Amazon, amene anagonjetsa Mont Blanc, ngumbi, Kilimanjaro, Akonkugua Everest ... Reinhold Messner, munthu woyamba , kukwera onse 14 eyiti thousanders wa dziko ... Pakuti aliyense wa iwo n'zotheka kulemba bukhu lapadera. Zopatsa awo kuuzira mibadwo wamng'ono wa apaulendo.