Thor Heyerdahl: mabuku, kuyenda ndi mbiri. Thor Heyerdahl ndi ndani?

Tikupereka lero kuti kudziwana ndi anthu otchuka m'ma XX - Thor Heyerdahl. Izi KATSWIRI Norway wotchuka mu zikomo dziko kwa maulendo ndi malo zosowa ndi mabuku ambiri zoyenera maulendo ake ndi kafukufuku. Ndipo ngati ambiri a nzika anzathu yankho ku funso la amene ali Thor Heyerdahl, za moyo wake ndi akatswiri odziwa pang'ono. Choncho, ife tikuyang'ana pa munthu wamkulu uyu pafupi.

Thor Heyerdahl: chithunzi, ubwana

Dziko otchuka tsogolo wasayansi ndi wapaulendo anabadwa pa October 6, 1914 kakang'ono Norway Muluwani Larvik. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'banja Heyerdahl ankatchedwa ana dzina lake ulendo. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mutu wa banja - mwini yofululira moŵa, komanso monga mayi - antchito anthropological zakale, ukwati wawo anali wachitatu mu mzere, ndipo iwo anakweza ana asanu ndi awiri anali mwana wamng'ono, anaganiza dzina ulendo banja malo. Atate, pamene iye anali kale mwamuna wokalamba (pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana wake ali ndi zaka 50), ndi chuma chokwanira ndi chimwene kuti anapita ku Ulaya. Mu maulendo ake kuti kutenga ndi mnyamata. Amayi ankakonda ulendo osati kumusamalira chikondi ndi chisamaliro, komanso chinkhoswe mu maphunziro ake. Ndi kuthokoza kwa iye, mnyamata anadzuka chidwi m'banda zinyama. Chotero mtima komanso chilimbikitso kwa makolo anatsogolera chakuti Thor Heyerdahl analenga kunyumba yaing'ono Zoological Museum, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chionetsero chimene chinali mamba modzaza. Zinali kuno, ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, anabweretsa ochokera kumayiko akutali. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti alendo kubwera kwa Heyerdahl banja sikuti tiyi, koma pa ulendo yaing'ono.

achinyamata

Nditamaliza sukulu mu 1933, Thor Heyerdahl analowa University of Oslo mu Zoological dipatimenti, kuti palibe achibale ake anali odabwa. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa yunivesite, Yoswa nthawi zambiri ankakonda zinyama, koma pang'onopang'ono anayamba kugona ndi wakale zikhalidwe ndi chitukuko. Zinali nthawi imeneyi kuti anazindikira kuti munthu ano anaiwala za miyambo zaka zakubadwa ndi malamulo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mndandanda wa nkhondo fratricidal. Mwa njira, ulendo ali anapitiriza kudalira kufikira mphindi otsiriza a moyo wake.

Lumikizani kuyendayenda

Kumapeto kwa ma telemu asanu Heyerdahl Imanyansidwa ku yunivesite. Ndipotu, pa nthawi imene iye anali kale ndi nzeru moona Buku, ena amene talandira kuchokera kwa makolo awo, ndipo ena anamvetsetsa pophunzira osadalira pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Iye akufuna kuchita kafukufuku wawo ndi kupita ku zilumba zakutali zosowa. The kwambiri chifukwa cha abwenzi ake ndi anthu Hjalmar Broch ndi Christine Bonnevie, ndi amene anakumana nawo pa ulendo wopita ku Berlin, anali ofunitsitsa kuthandiza mu gulu la ulendo zisumbu ku Polynesia kupeza momwe izo zikanakhoza kukhala oimira zinyama ndi zokhala malo awa lero. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ulendo unali wasayansi achinyamata chabe ulendo zosangalatsa, komanso ndi kokasangalala. Ndipotu, pamaso kuchoka kwa Thor Heyerdahl anakwatiwa ndi wophunzira wa luso la Economics - kukongola Liv Coucheron Thorpe. Liv anali adventuress mofanana mwamuna wake. Mu nkhani iyi, sikuti limodzi ndi ulendo wa ulendo wake, koma iye anali wothandizira okhulupirika, monga kale peruse mabuku ambiri pa zinyama ndi Polynesia.

Ulendo kuti Fatu Hiva

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1937, Thor Heyerdahl ndi mkazi wake Liv anapita ku gombe lakutali la chilumba ku Polynesia wa Fatu Hiva. Kumeneko anaphunzira kupulumuka kuthengo, kukumana ndi anthu wamba ndi kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi. Komabe, patapita chaka, makolowo anafunika kusiya ulendo wake. chakuti ulendo ali anatola matenda ndithu yoopsa, koma Liev pakati. Choncho, mu 1938, akatswiri wamng'ono anabwerera ku Norway. Choncho anathetsa ulendo woyamba wa lodziwika bwino Heyerdahl. Pa ulendo uno, iye anati m'buku lake "Kufunafuna Paradaiso" limene linatuluka mu 1938. Mu chaka cha 1974, ulendo ali linatulutsa Baibulo kukodzedwa ntchito, dzina lake "Fatu Hiva."

Ulendo wa ku Canada

Patangotha miyezi ingapo pochokera Fatu Khiva Liv anabala mwana wamwamuna, amene anapatsidwa dzina la mwambo ulendo banja. Patapita chaka china, banjali anabadwa mwana wachiwiri - Bjorn. Mutu wa banja anapitiriza ntchito ya sayansi, koma pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutenga anthu, osati nyama. Choncho, amene anapita ku Polynesia wasayansi, katswiri, KATSWIRI, anabwerera kwawo. Cholinga chake chatsopano anali kupeza yankho la funso mmene Ainka wakale umakhoza ku America kuti Polynesia. Kapena mwina zinali zosiyana? Choncho Heyerdahl zopita ku Canada, kumalo kumene Amwenye analiko. Iye akhali na chidikhiro kuti pali zikhoza kusungidwa miyambo yakale ya Oyendetsa. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ulendo wayenda kumadzulo kwa Canada, sanali kupeza mfundo zofunika.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Pa maulendowa, ndi Heyerdahl ku Canada, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika. Monga patriot woona, ulendo wofunitsitsa kuikira kumbuyo kwawo kwa adani. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anasamukira ku United States ndipo anasankha kutumikira usilikali. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Heyerdahl banja anakhala woyamba mu US, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku UK.

Oyendayenda Thor Heyerdahl: ulendo "Kon-Tiki"

Mu 1946, wasayansi ndi chidwi lingaliro latsopano: ankakhulupirira kuti kalelo, American Indians akukhoza kusambira ku zilumba mu Pacific Ocean pa raft a. Ngakhale anachita zoipa gawo la mbiri yakale, ulendo bungwe kukaona amatchedwa "Kon-Tiki" ndi kutsimikizira wosalakwa. Ndipotu, iye ndi gulu lake anakwanitsa kufika pa raft ku Peru kuti Taumotu zilumba ya chilumbachi. N'zochititsa chidwi asayansi ambiri anakana kukhulupirira konse mu choona ulendo kuti bola mpaka tinaona anajambula mu zopelekedwa filimu ya ulendo wa. Kunyumba, Heyerdahl analekana ndi mkazi wake Liv, amene anakwatilana wolemera American. ulendo ndi miyezi ingapo kukwatira Yvonne Dedek-Simonsen, amene pambuyo anam'berekera ana atatu.

Ulendo Isitala Island

Heyerdahl sizikanakhoza kukhala tsonga kwa nthawi yaitali pamalo amodzi. Choncho, mu 1955 anakonza ulendo mabwinja a ku Isitala Island. Mpheroyi ofukula akatswiri ku Norway. Pa ulendo wa ulendowu ndi anzake anachita miyezi ingapo chilumba, akuyendayenda malo ofunika ofukula zinthu zakale. Cholinga cha ntchito yawo linaperekedwa kwa kusema zatsopano, kuyenda ndi unsembe wa mafano wotchuka moai. Komanso ofufuza nawo zofukulidwa mu uplands ndi Poike Orongo. Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchito zawo nthambi za ulendo wa afalitsa nkhani zingapo sayansi kuti maziko phunziro la Isitala Island, amene ulipobe. Ndipo Thor Heyerdahl, amene mabuku nthawi zonse wopambana kwambiri, analemba bestseller lina lotchedwa "aku-aku".

"Ra" ndi "Ra II a"

Cha m'ma 60 ntchentche wa Thor Heyerdahl anakhala chidwi lingaliro la ulendo wa panyanja ku bwato la amtunduwu. Mu 1969, Wofufuzayo indefatigable anayamba kupalasa kwa zojambula ku Egypt zimenezi pa bwato wotchedwa "Ra" mu ulendo wa ku America. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti watercraft chaonekera wa mabango Aitiopiya, izo wokongola msanga ankawaviika, kuchititsa ziwalo za ulendo anali kubwerera.

chaka chamawa kenako m'ngalawa ina pa madzi, otchedwa "Ra II». Iwo kuimaliza kukonza kutenga nkhani zolakwa zam'mbuyo. Thor Heyerdahl kamodzinso bwino, tidapita ku Morocco kuti Barbados. Motero iye anatha kuzindikira dziko dera zonse za sayansi, kuti anakafika akukhoza kusambira kudutsa nyanja pansi kupalasa, ntchito Canary Current. Ulendo "Ra II» m'gulu oimira ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, lomwe anali wotchuka Soviet wapaulendo Yuri Senkevich.

"Tigirisi"

Amadziwika ndi m'modzi wa Thor Heyerdahl bwato wotchedwa "Tigirisi". kafukufuku anamangapo luso ili akuyandama wa nzimbe mu 1977. ulendo wopita anapita ku Iraq kuti kugombe la Pakistan kenako m'Nyanja Yofiira. Chifukwa cha ichi ulendo wa panyanja, Thor Heyerdahl anasonyeza kuti kuli a malonda ndi kusamuka kwa ojambula pakati Mesopotamia ndi chitukuko Indian. Pamapeto pa kafukufuku ulendo anatentha boti mu Zionetsero ndi nkhondo.

A kafukufuku mosatopa

Thor Heyerdahl nthawizonse ndakhumba kwa ulendo. Ine sanasinthe izo nokha mu zaka 80. Choncho, mu 1997, kukakomana ndi mnzake wakale anapita compatriot wathu, ndi membala wa maulendowa "Ra II» - Yuri Senkevich. Monga mbali ya pulogalamu yake "apaulendo Club", anasonyeza omvera kumene akukhala Thor Heyerdahl. The ngwazi za nkhani ikunenedwa ya mapulani ake ambiri, lomwe linali ulendo wina Isitala Island.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Thor Heyerdahl, amene yonena anali wolemera kwambiri ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi wokonda zosangalatsa umene umaoneka wokangalika angakhale atakalamba kwambiri. Izi imakhudzanso pamoyo wake. Choncho, mu 1996, ndili ndi zaka 82, katswiri wina wotchuka ndi kafukufuku wosiyidwayo mkazi wake wachiwiri ndi kukwatira French Ammayi Zhaklin Bir. Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake anasamukira Tenerife, kumene anagula Nyumbayi yaikulu, anamanga zaka zoposa zitatu zapitazo. Apa iye amakonda kulima ndiponso analimbikira kuti zamoyo chabwino mu icho.

Iye anafa kwambiri Thor Heyerdahl mu 2002 ali ndi zaka 87 kuchokera chotupa mu ubongo. Mu mphindi womaliza wa moyo wake, ankakhala ndi mkazi wake wachitatu ndi ana asanu.