M'dera la China. China: anthu, dera. kachulukidwe anthu mu China

Chitukuko Chinese ndi akale kwambiri. Iwo ali zaka zikwi zinayi. Kuyambira masiku Marko Polo lakumwamba kumafuna ofufuza ndi apaulendo. Mu dziko lino, ambiri okhala - ndi kunyumba ndi lachisanu la anthu onse pa dziko. Ngati tikambirana m'dera la China, boma wachitatu waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse.

Ndipo ngakhale masiku a Mao Zedong, kuti kale, mphamvu ya Party Communist, komanso mmene iye pa muzochitika zones za moyo ndi zoopsa. Mu 1979, dziko linayamba ntchito boma wotchedwa "2 + 1". Iwo anayamba kupanga ndi cholinga yakulera. Choncho, banja lalembedwa ndi mgwirizano boma umene akazi a akuyenera kukhala ndi mwana kuwombola anthu msonkho ndi mapindu ena ambiri. Kuphwanya malamulo okhazikika zikuphatikizapo kulandidwa maudindo chuma ndi zolepheretsa munthu wabwino.

Mpaka nineties zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi Chinese sankaloledwa ntchito magalimoto payekha. magalimoto onse chuma cha boma. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu kugwiritsa ntchito njinga mosachotsera, ndipo tsopano awiri mawiro galimoto si zochepa zikufunika kwambiri.

M'dera la China poyamba linagawidwa m'zigawo zisanu. Chotero dongosolo wakhalapo kuyambira 1912-TH kuti chaka cha 1949-TH. Panopa dziko lonse administratively ili mu zone yomweyo. Masana kupulumutsa nthawi si ikuchitika.

malo Hrs

Lakumwamba ili mu East ndi ku Central Asia. Zikusonyeza mapu a China, dziko ndi m'mphepete mwa Russia, India, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Korea North ndi Vietnam. Yokhala, boma pansi review wa kuchilumba cha Taiwan, koma kwenikweni iye sunali aliyense.

M'dera la China ali nkhani chirengedwe: kum'mawa - m'chigwa, pakati - phiri kumadzulo - phiri.

utsogoleri magawano

Kapangidwe ka boma isanu yoyenda yokha dziko zigawo ndi mizinda inayi ya subordination wapadera, komanso maiko a China, mndandanda womwenso mfundo makumi awiri.

mbali nyengo

China m'dera lagona mabacteria atatu nyengo. Izi ndi zolimbitsa, subtropical ndi otentha. Phiri nyengo chokhala.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nyengo ya dziko Pamlingo waukulu anatsimikiza mtima mpumulo wake, chifukwa China ndi masitepe chimphona akutsikira ku mapiri ataliatali a ku Central Asia kwa nyanja. Ndicho ndipamene mtundu wa nsalu yotchinga, pa dzanja limodzi kumathandiza kuti posungira chinyezi amene akulowa nthawi yotentha chakum'mawa kwa nyanja ku dziko, ndi zina - angachite ndi kukhetsa ozizira mpweya m'dera kuthamanga ili m'nyengo yozizira ku Mongolia, South ndi North Siberia Western China.

Ambiri a m'dera China (mu sq. Km ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 9.6) ndi mchikakamizo cha nyengo chokhala. Kusiyana nyengo n'kofunika.

Malinga ndi umboni wa m'mabuku olembedwa chibwenzi ku Zakachikwi woyamba BC, kale pa Great m'Chigwa anali otentha. Mfundo imeneyi, komanso dothi lachonde nkhalango kwakukulukulu chinathandiza zikamera ndi bwino chitukuko cha ulimi mu dera lino, zimene pamapeto, anakhudza zikamera wa chitukuko chachikulu.

Kumayambiriro a m'nthawi yathu ino, nyengo anakhala yozizira. Avereji kutentha ambiri anali mu mzere ndi zamakono, ndipo anayamba zotchuka ozizira chithunzithunzi kuti unasesa Europe ndi ku Asia ndi kupita kwa nthawi.

zomangamanga

Malo okwana China ndi yaikulu - oposa asanu ndi theka makilomita lalikulu. Komatu Gawo chidwi chogwidwa ndi mwambo wina mapulani sitinganene za chikhalidwe chilichonse European. chititsimikizira structural ndi kukongoletsa njira onse anayamba zaka zambiri zapitazo ndipo akugwirabe ntchito mpaka lero. Pa nthawi yomweyo amakhudza chikhalidwe zopezera dziko kuti wavutika kwambiri a nkhondo yachilendo. Chinsinsi kwagona kuti zaluso onse okhala boma anali anadutsa prism nzeru zawo za dziko. N'chifukwa chake zinthu anabwereka si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera Chinese mbadwa.

yomanga m'mizinda zonse chinaperekedwa potsatira mfundo Feng Shui. Choncho, nyumba onse zochokera kum'mwera. M'dziko panali dongosolo lonse la malamulo mapulani mzinda, chimene utsogoleli ndi gawo Imperial a mzinda zonse pakati penipeni, iwo anali atazunguliridwa ndi makoma, kupanga gawo woletsedwa. The nyumba ofunika kwambiri zinamangidwa pamodzi misewu ikuluikulu akubwera kuchokera pachipata kum'mwera kumpoto.

Kutalika ndi malo nyumba anatsimikiza pamaziko a ntchito zake ndi malo a mwini m'deralo. Ndipo pamene osalimba anthu ku China kale m'zaka zoyambirira za nyengo yathu anali chidwi nzika wamba ankaletsedwanso nyumba kuposa pansi limodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, wapadera buku okhudza malo zikuchokera midzi. malo kwabasi chifukwa kwakukulukulu kumatheka chifukwa pamadenga mtundu chiwembu. Choncho, nyumba lachifumu anali utoto golide, m'kachisi ndi m'nyumba za akuluakulu - mu zobiriwira (nthawizina buluu). nsanja munali madenga imvi tiled.

The chakumwa wotchuka

Pofotokoza China: anthu, malo, nyengo, chikhalidwe, zomangamanga, chuma ndi zina - sikutheka osanenapo wina chodabwitsa chakumwa. Iye kalekale amadziwika ndi dziko. tiyi izi. Ndi mankhwala, chifukwa zovuta processing zakuthupi poyambira. masamba mwatsopano ndi masamba mwa ndakatulo wotchedwa emarodi tiyi. Malinga zomwe mankhwala ntchito pa processing awo, likukhalira wobiriwira, chikasu, choyera, nofeki, maluwa, wosweka, mbamuikha, wofiira, teas wakuda.

mankhwala wapadera

Am'deralo zimayesetsa Tai Chi Chuan. Izi mwapadera olimbitsa zochokera dongosolo wakale wa thupi. Havayo, maziko kugwirizana limodzi mwa zigawo zitatu - gulu la chikumbumtima ndipo kupuma. M'mizinda yambiri unachitikira makalasi panja motsogoleredwa ndi alangizi akatswiri. ntchito yawo amalipira Utumiki wa Health, amene akhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kulipira khumi, kuposa kuchiza chikwi.

Mfundo yaikulu ya mankhwala Chinese si kubweretsa thanzi kunja, ndi kuutsa magulu a mkati mwa thupi. Ndipo zolimbitsa pankhaniyi ndi chimodzi mwa njira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu pogwiritsa a. Hainan, okonza kuthetsa kuwonongeka ndi kulandira mchere ndi malo osambira onunkhira. spas Local, umisiri wamakono akhala bwinobwino pamodzi ndi njira za makolo za ndiyotani pakuchotsa matenda awo. madokotala Chinese kuyikapo mankhwala pa mfundo mmene zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ngati akugonjetsa ndi mkwiyo, mantha, kukhumudwa, nkhawa, chisoni, anadabwa kapena chimwemwe, mwina kusintha mgwirizano wa thupi lake, ndiko kuti, kuyambitsa matenda. Koma Hainan madzi mchere, iwo basi kuchotsa maganizo alipo chifukwa zili apamwamba a siliva, manganese ndi sulfide wa hydrogen.

anthu

China m'dera ndi pafupifupi miliyoni 9,6 sq. Km. Pa m'dera lalikulu anthu m'mayiko makumi asanu. Malinga ndi Population China kalembera, m'dzikoli miliyoni 936,7 Chinese (Han) ndi owayimilira miliyoni 67,23 wa ing'onoing'ono dziko.

Kachulukidwe mapu a anthu China amasonyeza unevenness a anthu kuwayika. Choncho, ambiri Han anthu okhala mabeseni la Mtsinje Yangtze, Yellow Mtsinje ndi Pearl, komanso kumpoto-kum'mawa kwa dziko - pa Sunlyaosskoy kumveka. Pankhani ing'onoing'ono dziko, ngakhale kukula ochepa, iwo amakhala pafupifupi 60% ya boma. Iwo amakhala Tibet, mu Mumtima Mongolia, Ningxia Huenskom, Guangxi Zhuang, Xinjiang, ndi m'madera khumi ndi zinayi.

Dera lalikulu China. Km ndi mkulu, ndi kusamuka mkati mwa anthu mamiliyoni mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kufalitsa anthu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu a mizinda ikuyenda m'madera underdeveloped.

Panopa m'dziko pali kusintha zakayendesedwe ka zolimbikitsa kubadwa zakuthupi. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi latsopano chiphiphiritso cha mfundo zaziwerengero, umene umati "ana ang'onoang'ono mwachangu kulemera." Malinga ndi bungwe la Statistics, ndi chimodzi mwa January 2005 chiwerengero cha anthu Chinese wafika biliyoni anthu mamiliyoni mazana atatu. Makonsolo akuyesera kuchita zonse zotheka kukula zachilengedwe anthu ndi ziro. Zikuoneka kuti ndi 2030 chiwerengero cha anthu Chinese wafika pachimake ndipo adzakhala biliyoni 1,46. Zikuoneka kuti nambala pazipita nzika wamphamvu adzakhala 2020 ndipo adzakhala zopanda 65% ya chonse cha anthu (miliyoni 940 Cha anthu).

Akatswiri amanena kuti ngati akuluakulu aboma osati pansi malamulo kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ana, ndi pakati pa zaka zino boma kwambiri ambiri mu mutu dziko adzapita India.

Features

Map a zigawo Chinese limasonyeza makumi awiri mayunitsi malo. Aliyense wa iwo si udindo wa utsogoleri, komanso azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. zigawo kwambiri masiku ano ndi malire anakhazikitsa ngakhale pa Mafumu Ming. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mozama kusandulika Kupititsa magawano okha kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko.

Mu kumtunda China anakhazikitsa subordination okhwima ulamuliro chapakati zigawo, koma zoona, boma anapatsidwa mphamvu ndi zinthu zambiri mu khalidwe la mfundo zachuma. Akatswiri ena mu dera iyi akutchedwa dongosolo la federalism ndi makhalidwe Chinese. Pankhaniyi, kufanizira ndi zokomera onse ndi makhalidwe Chinese.

zigawo kwambiri dziko (kupatulapo kumpoto, kum'mawa) malire anapeza mu ulamuliro wa pa n'chokwana mafumu, ndi Qing ndi Ming. Pankhaniyi, magawano kawirikawiri sayendera kusiyana zinenero, lawolawo kapena chikhalidwe. Ichi chidachitika pofuna kupewa separatism ndi makonsolo okwera. Sami am'deralo kuti malire pakati pa zigawo interspersed ngati mano clenched agalu. Ngakhale, monga kugawikana zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu chikhalidwe. Anthu a aliyense m'chigawo kukakambirana makhalidwe ena amene zikugwirizanira olakwika alipo.

Mwa kusintha posachedwapa mu dera lawo gulu la Republic ndi zotsatirazi: kupereka Chongqing ndi udindo m'chigawo Hainan, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa zigawo wapadera loyang'anira Macau ndi Hong Kong. Kodi pali zigawo mu China panyengo? List of chidwi:

1. Shanxi.
2. Shandong.
3. Guangxi.
4. Zhejiang.
5. Macau.
6. Qinghai.
7. Jiangsu.
8. Anhui.
9. Jiangxi.
10. Gansu.
11. Jilin.
12. Guangdong.
13. Henan.
14. Guizhou.
15. Heilongjiang.
16. Liaoning.
17. Hebei.
18. Sichuan.
19. Hunan.
20. Fujian.
21. Qinghai.
22. Hubei.

zowoneka

Anthu ambirimbiri apitako kukaona China chaka chilichonse. M'dera la dziko, umene uli wofanana makilomita lalikulu miliyoni 9,6, muli chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipilala kamangidwe, ndipo izi zimakopa anthu apaulendo ochokera padziko lonse. State mosamala amasamalira kuteteza cholowa wapadera mbiri. Ngakhale mizinda yonse (okwana 24) ananena nkhokwe zachilengedwe ndi otetezedwa bwino, osanenapo manda payekha.

chitsanzo cha mamangidwe wotchuka m'nyengo dziko - ndi, ndithudi, Wall Lalikulu la China. m'litali ndi makilomita zikwi zinayi. Kapangidwe wapadera amateteza malire kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Iye anayamba kumanga mu wachinayi ndi wachitatu zaka BC, pa nthawi imene ena boma Chinese chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe cha nyumba kumbuyo kudziteteza ku anawazunza wa mafuko woyendayendawu ku Central Asia. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, pomanga Wall Wamkulu wa China zikwi zinayi anthu anatenga gawo. Pambuyo mapangidwe zina ziwalo kuika pamodzi boma centralized. Choncho, limodzi kumbuyo zovuta unakhazikitsidwa. Akamaliza ntchito yomanga kudawerengedwa kwa zaka za zana lachitatu AD. Wall anali kumbuyo khoma, zomwe kufika pamwamba mamita khumi. A pamwamba lonse zosamukira asilikali ndi ngolo. Lililonse mamita mazana awiri akuima nsanja kumbuyo.

Beijing amadziwika kuti waukulu kwambiri m'chigawo owonetsera zakale China wotchedwa National Palace. Kale, kunali nyumba yachifumu lachifumu. Kumangidwa kwa wapadera chipilala mapulani inayamba mu theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Kenako yachifumu anamangidwanso ndipo inachuluka kukula. Modern Museum ku Beijing ndi odzitukumula zovuta, imene dongosolo pali oposa zana nyumba. Kukafika kutsogolo wazunguliridwa ndi njira lonse ndipo atazunguliridwa ndi lalitali mwala. Malo onse a nyumba - makilomita lalikulu 720.000, ndipo chiwerengero cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho - 800 zikwi. Yotsirizira awa akuimira zakale, kuphatikizapo ziwiya yachifumu mwambo, kalirole wakale mkuwa, yade ndi dongo mabuku wapadera ndi yachokera kwa nyumba yachifumu, ndi wa iwo zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi wachinsinsi monga chuma dziko mfundo. Tsiku lililonse, m'nyumbayi amatenga alendo zikwi makumi atatu.

China wathyola zosiyanasiyana kwambiri m'munda ndi paki maofesi. Kwenikweni, zili zachifumu zakale yachifumu ndi m'mapaki patokha osiyanasiyana malo. Kuliganizira ndi wokongola kwambiri mapiri opangidwa mchere, arbours, milatho ndi milu takambiranazi miyala.

Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za ambuye kwa malo luso - ndipo Iye n'chokwana, galimoto ulesi kukhala. Malowa ali pamtunda pa dera la Chilimwe Palace pa Beijing.

Likulu Chinese ndi paki otchedwa Nsipu Bey, lomwe limatanthauza "Nyanja North". Msikawu nyanja yokumba pa gombe la zimene zalembedwa gazebos chidwi, pavilions ndi akachisi.

Suzhou moyenerera amatchedwa mzinda wobiriwira. Panopa pali oposa zana ndi malo maofesi. Onse a iwo apangidwa kusangalatsa diso ndi yopereka muthunzi kutentha chilimwe.

Pomaliza

Kuzizwa si malo ochititsa chidwi a dziko. China - Dziko amene anapereka dziko pepala, onga kampasi. Komanso, udindo chidwi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Zingamvekere ambiri m'madera a miyoyo ya anthu ndi pa chitukuko cha dziko ndipo akupitiriza kutero kufikira tsopano.